153 research outputs found

    ์ด๊ธฐ์ข… ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ณต์กด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2019. 8. ์ตœ์„ฑํ˜„.Today, there exist two types of vehicular communication technology, namely, Long Term Evolution-based vehicle-to-vehicle (LTE-V2V) and dedicated short range communications (DSRC). Although many studies dealing with vehicular communication have been conducted, the situation where separate groups of vehicles using different communication technologies coexist has never been studied. In the coexistence situation, the communication inability issue between vehicles using different communication technologies is raised. To resolve the problem, we propose a relaying system, called Nearest-first, where hybrid user equipments (UEs), which are equipped with both DSRC and LTE-V2V modules, are considered. When a hybrid UE receives a cooperative awareness message (CAM), the UE relays the CAM using the other communication technology.์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” vehicule-to-vehicle(V2V)ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” dedicated short-range communications(DSRC), Long Term Evolution-based vehicle-to-vehicle(LTE-V2V)๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ V2V ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‘ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต์‹  ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Nearest-first๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ค‘๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Nearest-first์—์„œ๋Š”, DSRC์™€ LTE-V2V ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ hybrid UE๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. Hybrid UE๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ cooperative awareness message(CAM)์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด, hybrid UE๋Š” ๊ทธ CAM์ด ์›๋ž˜ ์ „์†ก๋˜์–ด์ง„ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ๋„๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Nearest-first๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ํšจ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 91% ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.1 Introduction 1 2 RelatedWork 5 2.1 Relaying in VANET 5 2.1.1 Farthest-first Relaying . 6 2.1.2 Other Delay-based Relaying Methods 6 2.2 Coexistence of Vehicular Communications 7 3 Preliminaries 9 3.1 DSRC 9 3.2 LTE-V2V 11 3.3 Industry Trends and Motivation 11 4 System Model 14 4.1 Baseline Relaying Scheme 15 4.1.1 Relaying Packets from DSRC UE to LTE-V2V 17 4.1.2 Relaying Packets from LTE-V2V UE to DSRC 17 5 Proposed Scheme 19 5.1 Motivation for Nearest-first 19 5.2 Common Rules for Relaying Packets Both from DSRC UEs and LTEV2V UEs 20 5.3 Nearest-first for Relaying Packets from DSRC UEs 22 5.4 Nearest-first for Relaying Packets from LTE-V2V UEs 25 6 Evaluation 27 6.1 Simulation Environments 27 6.2 Performance Metrics 31 6.3 Advantage of Relaying from Network Operator Perspective 33 6.4 Overall Performance Comparison 34 7 Conclusion 43 Abstract (In Korean) 50 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 52Maste

    ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์ž„์ƒํ•™์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ‘๋ถ€์œ„ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ๊ถŒ์„ฑํƒ.Subungual melanoma (SUM) is a rare subtype of melanoma originating from the melanocytes in the nail matrix. Recently, there is growing attention toward a more conservative functional surgery in order to escape functional deficit from amputation. However, the consensus on the surgical treatment is still controversial. Also, progression of SUM and correlation with clinical outcomes remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to provide objective measurements by analyzing the anatomy of the nail apparatus and to identify the pattern of dermal invasion in different locations of the nail bed with its relationship with clinical prognosis. The nailbed was divided into 5 subunits; hyponychium (H), sterile matrix (SM), germinal matrix (GM), ventral floor of proximal nail fold (VFPNF), and dorsal roof of proximal nail fold (DRPNF). From 21 cadavers, nailbed thickness was measured in 5 landmark points. Microvessel and lymphatic density was histologically measured in each subunit. Retrospective data from 44 SUM cases between January 2011 and April 2019 were reviewed regarding invasion pattern in each subunit histopatholgically, correlating with clinical outcomes to assess risk factors. The nailbed thickness was the thinnest at the most proximal point of the nail matrix (thumbs, 1.10ยฑ0.42 mm; big toes, 1.15ยฑ0.37 mm) and the thickest at the hyponychium (thumbs, 2.86ยฑ0.82 mm; big toes, 2.72ยฑ0.84 mm). The median microvessel and lymphatics density was the highest at the hyponychium (25.74 vessels/mm2, 7.55 vessels/mm2) and lowest at the germinal matrix (16.26 vessels/mm2, 4.14 vessels/mm2), respectively (p<0.05). Dermal invasion of SUM was shown mostly in the distal areas of nail apparatus, with 11, 30, 18, 7, and 4 in the H, SM, GM, VFPNF, and DRPNF, respectively. The patients with hyponychial invasion showed a significantly greater Breslow depth (p=0.009), higher rate of lymph node metastasis (p=0.019), distant metastasis (p=0.036), and shorter disease-free survival (p=0.001). Nailbed thickness is the thinnest at the proximal nail matrix, and the thickest at the hyponychium. Microvessel or lymphatic density was highest at the hyponychium. Hyponychial invasion is an important prognostic predictor of SUM, given its strong association with invasion depth, metastatic progression, and disease-free survival. Patients with invasion in the hyponychium should undergo stricter workup, treatment, and surveillance.์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋‹จ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์˜ ์นจ์œค ์–‘์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์†ํ†ฑ์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†ํ†ฑ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์˜ ์นจ์œค ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆํ›„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์ผœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์†ํ†ฑ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ๊ตฌํš์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค; hyponychium, sterile matrix, germinal matrix, ventral floor of proximal nail fold, dorsal roof of proximal nail fold. 21๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์†ํ†ฑ์˜ ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์†ํ†ฑ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†ํ†ฑ ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„๋ณ„ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ด€์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 44๋ช…์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž„์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†ํ†ฑ ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ณ„ ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์˜ ์นจ์œค ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์˜ˆํ›„์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†ํ†ฑ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” proximal nail matrix์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์•˜๊ณ (์—„์ง€์†ํ†ฑ; 1.10ยฑ0.42 mm ์—„์ง€๋ฐœํ†ฑ; 1.15ยฑ0.37 mm) hyponychium์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค(์—„์ง€์†ํ†ฑ, 2.86ยฑ0.82 mm; ์—„์ง€๋ฐœํ†ฑ, 2.72ยฑ0.84 mm). ๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” hyponychium์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  (25.74 vessels/mm2, 7.55 vessels/mm2) germinal matrix์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(16.26 vessels/mm2, 4.14 vessels/mm2) (p<0.05). ์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์›์œ„๋ถ€์—์„œ ์นจ์œค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Hyponychium์—์„œ ์นจ์œค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ Breslow๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž„ํŒŒ์„  ์ „์ด(p=0.019) ๋ฐ ์›๊ฒฉ ์ „์ด(p=0.036)๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ณ‘์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ์งง์•˜๋‹ค(p=0.001). ์†ํ†ฑ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” proximal nail fold์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–‡์•˜๊ณ , hyponychium์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๊ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ด€์€ hyponychium์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Hyponychium์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฐ‘ํ•˜ํ‘์ƒ‰์ข…์˜ ์นจ์œค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นจ์œค์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐš๊ณ  ์ž„ํŒŒ์ „์ด, ์›๊ฒฉ์ „์ด, ์งง์€ ๋ฌด๋ณ‘์ƒ์กด์œจ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆํ›„์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Body 4 Chapter 3. Conclusion 15 Bibliography 17 Abstract in Korean 32๋ฐ•

    ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ •๋ณด์œตํ•ฉ์ „๊ณต),2019. 8. ์ด์ค‘์‹.The conversational agent is a system that receives the natural language from the user and understand the intent for performing the function. With the advancement of speech recognition technology and the development platform of IT companies, service development using a conversational agent is becoming popular. To develop such a conversational agent, a large amount of training data is required. Currently, conversational agents provide a way for users to interact as if they were human beings. Accordingly, the conversational agent needs to understand the users intent and Understanding intent is learned through various and large amount of training data. However, collecting training data for the development of conversational agents is a very difficult task because of the diversity of expressions and the limitations of collections methods in natural language. Diversity of expressions means having different structures with the same meaning, collecting training data should take characteristic into consideration. Although some methods of collecting are proposed, problems such as time, cost, and accessibility are raised. With the recent development of artificial intelligence, crowdsourcing has developed and the possibility of solving these problems can be seen. Crowdsourcing has the advantage of solving problems that are difficult for a computer to solve from people and collecting data to a large number of people at low cost. In practice, the possibility of using crowdsourcing in relation to the training data acquisition is raised. However, although quality of crowdsourcing is influenced greatly by the task design method and diversity of training data is important, understanding of task design method is insufficient. Therefore, this paper focuses on improving the diversity of expression, examines the effect of task design elements on training data collection, and then suggests a design method that can collect training data effectively. For this purpose, this paper selects three design elements(task amount, bonus compensation method, social proof based explanation method) to explore the effect of task design elements and conducts 3 experiments of three design elements. The paraphrasing task that possibility of training data acquisition is proven was used, 1473 data were collected from MTurk using $73.65. The collected data were analyzed with four indicators(semantic equivalence, diversity, error rate, and execution time). As a result of analysis, it was difficult to get data with the same meaning as the amount of task increased. In terms of bonus compensation method, the efficiency of collection increased when offering bonus compensation. Finally, in terms of the social proof- based explanations, there is a trade-off relationship between diversity and efficiency. Individual differences in collecting among participants and pressure on collecting results were discussed, and an integrated task design method was suggested. This paper has academic significance in that it studies the possibility of improving the quality of collecting, mainly focusing on the study of the possibility of collecting training data. In addition, it has significance in terms of timeliness and usefulness in trying to solve the problem that is actually experienced in the industrial field. Finally, there is significance in terms of convergence in that it combines social psychology theory, HCI and engineering.๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ธํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. ์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ IT ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ธํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธํ…ํŠธ ํŒŒ์•…์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ธด ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋น„์šฉ, ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ’€๋ฉฐ, ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ, ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์ผ๋ จ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜(ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ์–‘, ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์‹, Social Proof ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฐฉ์‹)์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง• ํƒœ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, MTurk์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 480๋ช…์˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 73.65๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1473๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ(์˜๋ฏธ์  ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ์—๋Ÿฌ ๋น„์œจ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„)๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ์–‘์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Social Proof ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์˜คํ”„(Trade- off) ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••๋ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—, ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ด๋ก , HCI, ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์œตํ•ฉ์  ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 7 ์ œ 2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์˜ ์ธํ…ํŠธ ํŒŒ์•… 8 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ํ•™์Šต๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ ํ™œ์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 10 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์‹ฑ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ์š”์ธ 12 ์ œ 4์ ˆ Social Proof ํšจ๊ณผ 16 ์ œ 3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 18 ์ œ 4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ ˆ์ฐจ 22 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฌผ 23 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์ธก์ • ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 27 ์ œ 5์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 33 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 33 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39 ์ œ 3์ ˆ Social Proof ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 ์ œ 6์žฅ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ œ์–ธ 55 ์ œ 7์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  58 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 58 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 59 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 60 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61 Abstract 69Maste

    ๋ฒฝํˆฌ๊ณผ FMCW ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒฝํด๋Ÿฌํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ๋‚จ์ƒ์šฑ.This thesis proposes novel wall-clutter rejection techniques and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar architectures for through-the-wall radar applications. In the through-the-wall radar applications, wall-cutter rejection is very important because the wall-clutter requires high dynamic range of receiver and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Wideband FMCW radars are good candidates for a high-resolution wall-penetrating detection radar because they can achieve high dynamic range by using a range-gating filter at intermediate frequency or baseband to fully eliminate wall-clutter. However, homodyne FMCW radars require a very high-order high-pass filter (HPF) to fully eliminate wall-clutter when a target is located behind and in close proximity to the wall. In this thesis, we first investigate a delay-line technique. The inserted delay-line decreases the time-gap between the received signal and the chirp signal. Therefore, the beat-frequencies of the target and wall are shifted to lower frequencies, and the ratio of pass-band to stop-band frequency is increased. As a result, the low-order HPF meets the filter specification. A design methodology and an example for short-range target is provided in this thesis. And the validity of this technique has been verified with a system simulation. Even though, the delay-line technique allows the low-order HPF can fully attenuate the wall-clutter, the delay-line in an RF signal path or LO signal path cause several problems: 1) A conventional long delay-line makes considerable signal loss at a high frequency such as X-band or Ka-band2) The line-loss also introduces amplitude modulation due to the loss, depending on frequency. Therefore, amplitude modulation increases as radar bandwidth increases, representing a particular problem for high-resolution radar. This amplitude modulation can lead to large side-lobes near a target-beat-frequency3) The delay-line requires a large area single-layer substrate or a multi-layer substrate with additional process or expensive process, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) process to produce a long delay4) It is difficult to achieve a controllable delay, from a short delay to a long delay, with a fine time-resolution. It requires abundant delay-lines, control circuits, and loss-compensate circuits, resulting in a bulky system. Therefore, we propose a novel FMCW radar architecture that employs two phase-locked loops (PLL) and a phase controller. One PLL generates a chirp signal for transmitting (TX chirp) while the other PLL generates a chirp signal for mixing at the mixer (LO chirp). The PLLs share a reference clock, but the transmitter PLL input path includes a digital phase-controller. When a digital phase control function is activated, the controller advances the reference clock as a half-period by generating one more edge and inversing the following edges. Each reference clock is divided by two and compared to the corresponding PLLs feedback clock. When the phase controller invokes a half-period advance, the transmitter PLL starts tracking. After some cycles, the PLL locks onto the advanced clock, producing a corresponding advanced time in the TX chirp. By repeating this process (advance reference, PLL tracking and PLL locking), it is theoretically possible to produce an infinite time-difference. In practice, due to the finite period of the TX chirp and the LO chirp, the maximum time-difference is limited. This method solves all of the above problems: It does not result in any loss in RF or LO signals, nor produce any amplitude modulation including wideband FMCW radarsdoes not require greatly increased volumeand permits infinite time-delay with fine time-resolution. This method allows a low-order HPF to highly attenuate wall-clutter and also decouples the relationship between the walls distance and the HPFs cut-off frequency. The proposed radar was implemented and measured. The wall was located at 1.5 m and the target was located at 3 m at the middle of the room. The measured results show a second-order HPF attenuates by more than 20 dB for the wall-beat-frequency signal while it does not attenuate the target-beat-frequency signal. The proposed radar is highly appropriate for wall-penetrating detection applications.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 1.1 Radars of the high-resolution wall-penetrating applications 2 Chapter 1.2 Research strategy 5 Chapter 1.3 Dissertation organization 5 Chapter 2. FMCW radar with a delay-line 12 Chapter 2.1 Introduction 13 Chapter 2.2 Design methodology 22 Chapter 2.3 Conclusion 34 Chapter 3. FMCW radar with two PLLs and a digital controller 35 Chapter 3.1 Introduction 37 Chapter 3.2 Design methodology 45 Chapter 3.3 Measurement results 55 Chapter 3.3 Conclusion 60 Chapter 4. Conclusion 61 Appendix A Wideband DC block design for wideband radar applications 63 Appendix A.A Introduction 64 Appendix A.B Analysis and design 69 Appendix A.C Implementation and measurements 73 Appendix A.D Conclusion 78 Appendix B FMCW radar components in chap. 3 79 Appendix B.A High-pass filter 79 Appendix B.B Chirp source 82 Bibliography 85 Abstract in Korean 88Docto

    ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ํ•˜๊ตฌ ์ƒ๋ถ€ํ‡ด์ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ† ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์„ธ๋ฆฝ๋ถ„ ํ•จ์œ ์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    This study was a basic research to obtain the knowledge of physical properties of the upper sedimented sandy soil in delta City, located at the Nakdong river. The characteristics of shear strength and permeability to fine content and relative density were also investigated. The upper sedimented sandy soil near paddy and lower soft clay layers showed high percentage of fine content, and the rest area had about 5% of fine content. The specific gravity regardless of depth and location was almost constant. The upper sedimented sandy soil mostly had particle size about 0.1 ~ 0.4mm regardless of sedimentation environment and has illite, a clay mineral, in the entire soil samples. The results of direct shear test on remolded specimens of the upper sedimented sandy soil revealed that the friction angle and cohesion increased with relative density, but its effect was not significant. The fine content was significant, that as increasing it, the friction angle decreased and cohesion increased linearly. The permeability decreased with relative density and fine content, and the permeability of soil containing more than 15% of fine content was independent on the relative density.1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ 3 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 2. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 2.1 ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ํ•˜๊ตฌ ํ‡ด์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 6 2.1.1 ๋…น์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€ 6 2.1.2 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€ 7 2.1.3 ๋ช…์ง€์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€ 7 2.1.4 ์ž„ํ•ด๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€ 8 2.1.5 ์„œ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ•๊ต 8 2.1.6 ๊น€ํ•ด๊ณตํ•ญ 9 2.2 ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 11 2.2.1 ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 12 2.2.2 ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 15 2.3 ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ง„ ํ‘œ์ค€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 17 2.3.1 ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 17 2.3.2 ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 19 3. ์ƒ๋ถ€ํ‡ด์ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ† ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 21 3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ์š” 21 3.1.1 ์‹œ์ถ”์กฐ์‚ฌ 22 3.1.2 ํ‘œ์ค€๊ด€์ž…์‹œํ—˜ 22 3.2 ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 24 3.3 ์‹ฌ๋„๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 25 3.4 ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ 27 3.5 XRD๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ๋ฆฝ๋ถ„ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„ 29 3.6 ๋ถ„์„ 31 3.6.1 ํ‡ด์ ํŠน์„ฑ 31 3.6.2 ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋น„ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ค‘ 32 3.6.3 ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ 33 3.6.4 ์ ํ† ๊ด‘๋ฌผ 34 4. ์ƒ๋ถ€ํ‡ด์ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ† ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 35 4.1 ์ „๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„ํŠน์„ฑ 35 4.1.1 ์‹œํ—˜์ ˆ์ฐจ 35 4.1.2 ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์กฐ์„ฑ 37 4.1.3 ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39 4.1.3.1 ๋ถˆ๊ต๋ž€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ 39 4.1.3.2 ์žฌ์„ฑํ˜• ์‹œ๋ฃŒ 41 4.1.4 ๋ถ„์„ 51 4.1.4.1 ๋ถˆ๊ต๋ž€ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์„ฑํ˜• ์‹œ๋ฃŒ 51 4.1.4.2 ์ƒ๋ถ€ํ‡ด์ ์‚ฌ์งˆํ† ์™€ ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ์ค‘๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ง„ ํ‘œ์ค€์‚ฌ 52 4.2 ํˆฌ์ˆ˜ํŠน์„ฑ 54 4.2.1 ์‹œํ—˜์ ˆ์ฐจ 54 4.2.2 ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์กฐ์„ฑ 57 4.2.3 ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 58 4.2.3.1 ํ˜„์žฅํˆฌ์ˆ˜์‹œํ—˜ 58 4.2.3.2 ์‹ค๋‚ดํˆฌ์ˆ˜์‹œํ—˜ 59 4.2.4 ๋ถ„์„ 60 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  62 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 64 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 66 ๋ถ€๋ก A 6

    Ear Cartilage Regeneration: A Comparison of Free Perichondrial and Periosteal Grafts

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์ด์œคํ˜ธ.Background Ear cartilage is a good source for tissue support or augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the amount of ear cartilage is limited and excessive use of cartilage can cause deformation of the donor site. To minimize the loss of cartilage, the potential of periosteal chondrogenesis was investigated in an ear cartilage defect model. Materials and Methods Twelve New Zealand White rabbits were used in the present study. Four sections of ear cartilage defect were created on the ear of each rabbit bilaterally, between the central artery and marginal veins. Skin flaps measuring 12 ร— 12 mm2 were elevated and 10 ร— 10 mm2 auricular cartilage defects were created including the perichondrium. The defects were covered with perichondrium (group 1), periosteum taken from the calvarium (group 2), or periosteum taken from the tibia (group 3), whereas no coverage was made in a control group (group 4). All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later, and the results were investigated both, macroscopically and microscopically. Results Significant chondrogenesis occurred only in the perichondrial graft group, whereas osteogenesis, instead of chondrogenesis was seen in the periosteal graft groups. There was no statistical difference in the amount of osteogenesis or chondrogenesis between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed fibrous tissue accumulation in the defect area. Conclusion Periosteal grafts showed weak chondrogenic potential in an ear cartilage defect modelinstead, they exhibited osteogenesis, and showed the same clinical activity irrespective of their embryological origin.CONTENTS Abstract i Contents ii List of tables and figures iii Introduction 1 Materials and methods 2 Results 5 Discussion 7 Conclusion 9 Reference 10 Abstract in Korean 19Maste

    ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋„๋ฏธ๋…ธ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์„ ์ •

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2006.Maste

    Experimental study on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the DMBA induced submaxillary gland carcinogenesis in albino rats

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์•” ์ค‘ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•”์€ ์•ฝ 5% ์ •๋„์ด๋‚˜, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•  ๋ฟ ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•”์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณด์กฐ์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•˜์— ๋†“์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ• ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•”์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ ๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์—๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์—, ์ €์ž๋Š” ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹จ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํ›„ 3๊ฐœ์›”๋œ 200g ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์›…์„ฑ๋ฐฑ์„œ 140๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ตฐ์ธ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 68๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์ค‘์— ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณ‘์šฉ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 72๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œํ›„, ์–‘ ๊ตฐ ๊ณตํžˆ ์ง€์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์•”์ œ์ธ 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene [DMBA:Sigma Co, St. Louis, U.S.A] ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋งค์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์—†์ด ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์••์ฐฉ๊ฒฐ์ •์†Œ๊ตฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์ธก ์•… ํ•˜์„ ์— ๋งค์‹ํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ 2.5 ๊ธฐ์••, 100% ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์ฃผ๋‹น 6ํšŒ ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ• ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ฒ˜์น˜์—†์ด ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ œ 16์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘๊ตฐ ๊ณตํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์œก์•ˆ์  ๋ฐ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ ์ง๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๋ฐ” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ข…์–‘์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ํŽธํ‰์ƒํ”ผ์•”์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์œก์•ˆ์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ 10์ฃผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ข…๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด‰์ง„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ฅธ 8์ฃผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด‰์ง„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ ์ถœ๋œ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 8-11์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ์‹คํ—Œ๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ํฐ ์ง๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํƒ€์›ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  12์ฃผ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ, ์‹คํ—˜์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•…ํ•˜์„ ๊ด€์˜ ํŽธํ‰ํ™” ์ƒ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์ƒํ”ผ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ณตํžˆ ์‹คํ—˜ 17์ผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ์ƒํ”ผ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 10์ฃผ์—, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค 2์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅธ 8์ฃผ์— ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ•์ด DMBA์œ ๋„๋ฐฑ์„œ ์•…ํ•˜์„  ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜ ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด‰์ง„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์•” ํ™˜์ž ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ ๊ณ ์••์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์กฐ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Oral cancer comprises about 5% of all mincers in human body, the site of its origin is very complex and very important both cosmetically and functionally, thus the treatment, functional and cosmetic reconstructions are very difficult. In cancer patient, irradiation therapy is one of the choice among several treatment methods, the hyperbaric oxygenation is utilized for the good wound healing following surgical procedure and bone reconstruction as well. Usually, many cancer patients are affected by the environment of hyperbaric oxygenation during irradiation therapy for better treatment results. On the other hand, it is controvertial about the effetiveness of oxygen therapy on carcinogenesis, some are effective, the others are non-effective. Therefore, the main objective of this study was focussed on the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy on the DMBA induced carcinogenesis in albino rats. After the observation of macroscopic and microscopic pathologic findings, the author has been able to arrive at the following conclusions. 1. All the chemically induced cancer was sqamous cell carcinoma. 2. The palpation of cancer in the experimental group has been possible after 8 weeks and this was 2 weeks earlier than in control group, size of the mass in experimental group disclosed somewhat larger untill 11 th week but, after that the difference in size between two groups has not been comparable. 3. During the initial period of inflammation caused by implantation of DMBA, the incidence of squamous metaplasia in experimental group showed higher incidence than in control group. 4. The epithelial dysplasia was found at the 17 th day of experiment in both groups. 5. At the microscopic findings, development of cancer in experimental group was found 2 weeks earlier than in control group. It was considered that hyperbaric oxygenation has no effect of suppression on the carcinogenesis but slight stimulating effect.restrictio

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