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    Partisan Attitudes of Apartisans

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์ •์น˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ๊ฐ•์›ํƒ.Are political independents free from partisan bias? Our understanding of independents political attitudes in a polarized environment remains limited since previous studies exclusively focused on partisans attitudes. I argue that contrary to common belief, well-informed independents may also display partisan bias in a politically polarized environment. Politically sophisticated independents, or apartisans are expected to rationally evaluate government performance. However, their reliance on personal cues from politicians and social media to acquire political information may lead them to having biased partisan stances on polarized political issues. Using the 2020 South Korean National Assembly election survey data, I explore if cognitive mobilization makes independents rationally assess the governments responses to COVID-19. I find that the preference for party leaders plays a crucial role in independents assessment of government policies, especially among the most sophisticated independents. This result suggests a counterintuitive implication that neither political sophistication nor detachment from political parties may efficiently deter voters from partisan bias.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹นํŒŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต์€ ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ํŽธํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด๊ฐ€? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ํŽธํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์–‘๊ทนํ™” ๋œ ์ •์น˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ธ์ง€์  ๋™์›์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹นํŒŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ •์น˜ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌํŠผ (Dalton 1984; 2007; 2013) ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„(้ž)๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต, ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์›๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ธ๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต์€ ์ •๋‹น ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—…์ ์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต์ด ์ •์น˜์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ •์น˜์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹นํŒŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ์ •์น˜ํƒœ๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2020๋…„ ์ œ21๋Œ€ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›์„ ๊ฑฐ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋™์›๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๋‹น์ง€๋„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—…์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์„ธ๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋น„๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ƒ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌด๋‹นํŒŒ์ธต ์—ญ์‹œ ๋†’์€ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ธ๋ จ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ํŽธํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Research Background 1 1.2. Purpose of Research 3 Chapter 2. Literature Review 6 2.1. Partisan Bias: An Exclusive Property of Partisans? 6 2.2. Cognitive Mobilization: Why the Independents May Hold Biased Partisan Attitudes 8 Chapter 3. Data and Method 11 3.1. Hypotheses 11 3.2. Research Design 14 Chapter 4. Results 19 4.1. Who Are the Apartisans? 19 4.2. Partisan Bias in Apartisans Evaluations 26 Chapter 5. Robustness Check 29 5.1. The Effect of the Preference for President Moon on the Evaluation of Government Performance 29 5.2. The Use of Social Media to Get Political Information as a Source of Biased Partisan Attitudes 32 Chapter 6. Discussion 35 Bibliography 38 Abstract in Korean 45 Appendix 47์„

    ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 8. ์ด์ฒ ์ˆ˜.์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋…ธ๋™์šด๋™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€์ธ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์Ÿ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฆฝยท๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณ„๊ธ‰์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฐจํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์šด๋™์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ๋™๋ฒ•, ํƒ„๊ด‘๋ฒ•, ๊ณต์žฅ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฐธ์ •๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์ธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํš๋“๋œ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋…ธ์กฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ์ง๋ฅ , ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ, ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์˜ ์ œํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹จ์ฒดํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ œํ•œ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ๊ทธ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŒŒ์—…(์ง์—…์  ํŒŒ์—…)๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ ํŒŒ์—…์„ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„๋ฒ•์„ฑ์˜ ๋‚™์ธ์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์„ค๊ณผ ํŒ๋ก€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ํ•™์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ์ธ์ •๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํŒ๋ก€ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—… ์œ„๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ, ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ–‰๋™๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์กฐ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋…ธ๋™3๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„ํŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ๋…ธ๋™๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(ILO)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์Ÿ์˜๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ILO ํ˜‘์•ฝ ์ œ87ํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์Ÿ์ , ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ ์กฐํ•ญ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—… ๋˜ํ•œ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋…ผ์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, 1987๋…„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ—Œ์ • ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ดํ›„ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋œ 1990๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—… ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ๋…์ผ, ์˜๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ํŒ๋ก€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ์ธ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ณ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ์ธ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…, ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ, ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„, ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ–‰๋™๊ถŒ, ์Ÿ์˜๊ถŒ, ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ๊ตญ์ œ๋…ธ๋™๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜‘์•ฝ ์ œ87ํ˜ธ, ๊ฒฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž์œ , ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒ€ํ† , ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  6 1. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜ 6 2. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  12 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ์ธ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  17 1. ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ ์ œ1ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 18 2. ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ–‰๋™๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์กฐ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 21 3. ๋…ธ๋™3๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ 25 4. ๊ตญ์ œ๋…ธ๋™๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(ILO)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 28 5. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด 36 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—… ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 45 1. 1996๋…„ ๋…ธ๋™๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํŒŒ์—… 47 2. 2007~2008๋…„ ํ•œ๋ฏธ FTA ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์‹œ์œ„ 53 3. 20152017๋…„ ๋ฏผ์ค‘์ด๊ถ๊ธฐ 56 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ : ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์˜ ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ชฉ์  ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 60 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  63 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค 63 1. ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 63 2. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ 66 3. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 69 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…์ผ 72 1. ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 72 2. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ 77 3. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 79 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์˜๊ตญ 81 1. ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 81 2. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ 86 3. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 92 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 95 1. ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 95 2. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ 97 3. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 102 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ณธ 105 1. ์Ÿ์˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 105 2. ์ •์น˜ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ 107 3. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 108 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ : ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  111 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  115 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 118 Abstract 126Maste

    Numerical Study on Optimal Trajectory and Heat Flux Analysis of Re-Entering Spacecraft

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๊น€๊ทœํ™.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋Œ์ž… ๊ถค์  ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด์ฐจํ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ถค์  ํ•ด์„, ์—ด๊ณต๋ ฅ ํ•ด์„, ์†Œ์žฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์—ด๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ•ด์„์˜ ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ด์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ตœ์  ๊ถค์  ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ • ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด CFD ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถค์  ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์„ ๋‘๋ถ€ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ถค์  ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์žฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—ด์ฐจํ์†Œ์žฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” SAPAR๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด modified Newtonian method๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์˜์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ ฅ ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์„ ๋‘๋ถ€ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฑ…ํฌ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก SAPAR๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด ๋ฑ…ํฌ๊ฐ์ด ๊ถค์  ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Space Shuttle๊ณผ X-37B ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด SAPAR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ํ›„, CFD ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ๋‘๋ถ€ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ leading edge, ๋ฏธ์ต ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ๋†’์€ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ ๊ฒน์นจ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.This paper deals with the literature investigation related to the re-entry trajectory optimization studies and an analysis process was established based on that investigations. To design the thermal protection system, three steps of analysis procedures should be performed: trajectory analysis, aeroheating analysis, and structural thermal analysis. Based on this process, the optimal trajectory was derived using the survivability analysis program, and a specific analysis point was selected to analyze the heat flux distribution through CFD analysis. In general, trajectory optimization studies perform trajectory optimization with only the heat flux amount at the nose of the spaceplane as the objective function. However, to deploy thermal protection materials efficiently, it is necessary to analyze the heat flux distribution over the entire spaceplane shape. SAPAR was used as a survivability analysis program, and the modified Newtonian method was applied to perform the aerodynamic analysis using a small computational cost for an arbitrary spaceplane shape. Also, to predict the nose heat flux amount it uses the approximate equation. SAPAR was improved to reflect changes in bank angles, and the effect of bank angles on trajectory design was analyzed. After deriving SAPAR results for the Space Shuttle and X-37B shapes, CFD analysis was performed. It was confirmed that high heat flux concentration can occur on the leading edge of the wing, tail, etc. These phenomena can occur for shock- wave/boundary-layer interactions.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ด์ฐจํ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žฌ๋Œ์ž… ๊ณผ์ • 3 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ . 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ . 13 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ SAPAR 13 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ CFD . 18 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 26 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ SAPAR๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ถค์  ํ•ด์„ 26 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ CFD๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ•ด์„ 43 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ . 51 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 53 Abstract 56Maste

    Effect of Long-Term Aripiprazole Therapy on Social Functioning in Korean Patients with Schizophrenia๏ผšA 52-Week, Prospective, Open-Label Study

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    OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of long-term aripiprazole therapy on social functioning in Korean patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder. METHODS: In this 52-week open-label, multicenter, single-arm study, 300 Korean patients with schizophrenia were treated with aripiprazole 10-30 mg/day after administration of 15 mg/day during the first 2 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the Korean-Social Functioning Scale (SFS-K), and the secondary efficacy measures were the Emotion Assessment, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and the Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) to investigate for correlation between social functioning and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: At week 52, there were significant improvements in all the areas of the SFS-K. There was generally no difference in the change of social functioning between patients in the first episode and patients having previous episodes. Significant improvements were also observed in negative emotion and emotional control. Statistically significant correlation between the SFS-K and the PANSS score was observed at week 52. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that long-term treatment with aripiprazole contributed to significant improvement in social functioning in patients with schizophrenia in the long-term treatment. This improvement of social functioning was modestly associated with clinical improvement of symptoms. The results suggest that long-term aripiprazole therapy could be effective not only in treating clinical symptoms, but also in improving social functioning in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder.ope

    ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋…ธ์ฆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ„ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ์œ ๋™์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ๋ฐ•ํฌ์žฌ.The linear source of a thermal evaporation system, which consist of a crucible in which to put materials and nozzles as the outlet from which evaporated materials emitted, has been used in manufacture processes of semi-conductors and OLEDs. When the molecules of evaporated materials from the nozzle are deposited onto a substrate, the thickness of the deposited molecules depends on the angular distribution of the emitted molecular flux from the nozzle. The angular distribution of the emitted molecular flux from the nozzle is determined by a design of the nozzle, a type and a density of material. The angular distribution is the one of important elements in optimizing the linear thermal evaporation system for depositing uniform thickness on thin film on a substrate. Various theoretical methods have been studied in an effort to express the angular distribution of the emitted molecular flux mathematically. According to Knudsen in 1907, the angular distribution of the emitted molecular flux from a cylindrical nozzle, can be expressed in the form of cos^n(ฮธ). The actual angular distribution of the molecular flux emitted from a nozzle, however, does not precisely match the form of cos^n(ฮธ) by Knudsen. There are other methods to express the angular distribution more precisely. One is the conventional analytical model integrating the molecules emitted directly and the molecules reflected onto the inner wall of the nozzle by means of numerical integration. Another method involves the direct simulation of molecules being emitted from the nozzle using a Monte Carlo method. Using these conventional methods can allow one to determine the accurate angular distribution of the emitted molecular flux. However, the conventional analytical method has proposed an analytical model of the angular distribution by the change of nozzle design, but cannot express the change of the angular distribution by the collision between molecules. Because the method assume there are no collision between molecules due to free molecular flow. On the other hand, the Monte Carlo method can simulate the change of the angular distribution of the molecular flux both by the collision between molecules and by the change of the nozzle shape, but the same calculation should be repeated whenever the shape of the nozzle changes, as the angular distribution acquired by these methods is not an analytical solution but a numerical solution . In this paper, an analytical model of the accurate angular distribution of the emitted molecular flux determined via the last intermolecular collisions model and the numerical integration is proposed to express the change of a density of molecules as well as the change of a nozzle shape in the case of a cylindrical nozzle, which is the most commonly used type. Moreover, the model can be helpful to make the optimization processes of nozzle array of linear sources faster and more accurate. The model is verified through a comparison involving the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and an experiment.๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด, OLED์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ •์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ์—ด ์ฆ๋ฐœ์› (Linear Thermal Evaporation System) ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ณต์ •์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‹ด๋Š” ๋„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ฆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ธฐํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ์Šนํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ์Šนํ™”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ฆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋  ๋•Œ, ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ฆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ์œ ๋™์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ (The angular distribution)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋…ธ์ฆ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ, ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ€๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ์ฆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ ๋ถ„์ž ์œ ๋™์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜• ์—ด ์ฆ๋ฐœ์›์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ์œ ๋™์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1907๋…„, ๋ˆ„์„ผ(Knudsen)์€ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋…ธ์ฆ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ(cosn)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ฒ•์น™(Cosine Law)์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„์„ผ์˜ ์ฝ”์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋…ธ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์ž ์œ ๋™์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ฆ์— ์ž…์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๋…ธ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ชฌํ…Œ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ฆ ์ถœ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋…ธ์ฆ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ชฌํ…Œ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์šด๋™ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ฆ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ฆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋…ธ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ธ์ฆ ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์ž ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉ, ๋…ธ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์„์  ๋ชจ๋ธ(analytical model)์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ชฌํ…Œ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Abstract (English) ๏ผ‘ Abstract (Korean) ๏ผ“ Table of Contents ๏ผ• Table of Figures ๏ผ˜ Chapter 1. Introduction 11 1.1. Study Background 11 1.2. Purpose of Research 13 1.3. Contents of Research 16 Chapter 2. Background Theory 18 2.1. The Calculation of Thickness of Molecules Deposited on a Substrate 18 2.1.1. The amount of the molecules deposited on unit area of the substrate with a single nozzle 18 2.1.2. The amount of the molecules deposited on a substrate with LS 19 2.2. The Angular Distribution by Knudsen 20 2.2.1. Knudsens cosine law 20 2.2.2. The problem of Knudsens cosine law 21 2.3. The Angular Distribution by the Numerical Integration 23 2.3.1. The calculation of the numerical integration 23 2.3.2. The molecules directly emitted toward the nozzle outlet from the nozzle inlet 25 2.3.3. The molecules emitted toward the nozzle outlet after colliding with the inner wall of the nozzle 27 2.3.4. The analytical model of the numerical integration 28 2.3.5. The problem of the numerical integration 31 2.4. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) 32 2.4.1. The Calculation of DSMC 32 2.4.2. The problem of DSMC 34 Chapter 3. Modeling of the Angular Distribution of Molecular Flux from Cylindrical Nozzle 35 3.1. Assumptions for Modeling 35 3.2. Modeling of the Longitudinal Density in a Cylindrical Nozzle 38 3.2.1. The longitudinal molecular density of free molecular flow 41 3.2.2. The longitudinal density of last intermolecular collisions 43 3.3. Modeling of the Molecules without the Inter-molecular Collisions 46 3.3.1. The molecules emitted toward the nozzle outlet after a collision with the inner wall of the nozzle (CASE I.) 46 3.3.2. The molecules directly emitted toward the nozzle outlet from the nozzle inlet (CASE II.) 51 3.4. Modeling of the Molecules with the Intermolecular Collisions 53 3.4.1. The molecules with the intermolecular collision reflected on the inner wall of the nozzle (CASE III.) 54 3.4.2. The molecules with the intermolecular collision emitted from the cross-section of the nozzle toward the nozzle outlet (CASE IV.) 57 Chapter 4. Results & Analysis 60 4.1. Results of the New Model 60 4.1.1. The cylindrical nozzle (d:16 ,l:30mm) 61 4.1.2. The cylindrical nozzle (d:30 ,l:16mm) 64 4.2. Comparison with Results by DSMC 66 4.2.1. The cylindrical nozzle (d:16 ,l:30mm) 66 4.2.2. The cylindrical nozzle (d:30 ,l:16mm) 71 4.3. Comparison with results by experiment 75 4.3.1. Cylindrical nozzle (d:16 ,l:30mm) 75 Chapter 5. Conclusions 83 APPENDIX 85 A. The results of new model for the cylindrical nozzle with d:16,l:30mm 85 B. The results of new model the cylindrical nozzle with d:30,l:16mm 88 C. The results of DSMC for the cylindrical nozzle with d:16,l:30mm 91 D. The results of DSMC for the cylindrical nozzle with d:30,l:16mm 94 E. The results of Experiment for the cylindrical nozzle with d:16,l:30mm 97 Bibliography 99Docto

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