가뭄 확률 전망의 국내 도입을 위한 연구

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 건설환경공학부, 2020. 8. 김영오.The advantage of probabilistic prediction has been verified and acknowledged for several decades so people are making use of the probabilistic prediction in lots of fields, including hydrometeorology. One of the biggest advantages is that it can take into account various events through uncertainty in the predicted value, especially for long-term predictions which have large uncertainties. In Korea, however, the drought prediction is still performed in a deterministic approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply the probabilistic drought prediction to Korea and then further propose a method to improve the prediction technique. Accordingly, this study developed an ensemble drought prediction (EDP) system focusing on the hydrological drought measured by natural streamflow in eight basins in Korea. Because of the natural characteristic of drought, it only can be measured indirectly through the hydroclimatic variables. In order to measure the hydrological drought, the streamflow was converted to standardized runoff index (SRI) which is a kind of drought index considering regional characteristics and various time scales for the hydrological drought. Then to generate EDP distribution for 1-month ahead monthly drought prediction, the streamflow simulations of an ESP (Ensemble Streamflow Prediction) were converted to SRI. The deterministic prediction was done by the expected value of EDP distribution, and the probabilistic one was derived by the probability driven from the distribution. Moreover, to improve EDP, soil moisture index (SMI) satellite data provided by APEC climate center (APCC) were used to update EDP via the Bayes' theorem. The regression between SRI and SMI was used as a likelihood function that updates the EDP distribution. Additionally, the APCC precipitation probability forecast was used to update EDP using the PDF ratio method. As a result, three main conclusions were drawn as follows. (1) The probabilistic drought prediction was 52% better than the deterministic on average in terms of prediction skills. When predicting the short-term drought, the probabilistic approach outperformed even more. (2) Updating EDP using soil moisture information the via Bayes' theorem makes skill to be improved by 20% on average. It can be said that the soil moisture information corrects EDP if the likelihood function is valid and accurate. (3) Reflecting the precipitation forecast to EDP via the PDF ratio yielded 6% better performance only for the non-irrigation period. From this, it was found again that reflecting informative data can make better the drought prediction.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Statement 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Thesis Organization 2 Chapter 2. Literature Review 3 2.1 Drought Measures 3 2.2 Drought Prediction Methods 4 2.2.1 Deterministic Approach 4 2.2.2 Probabilistic Approach 5 2.3 Practical Use of Probabilistic Prediction 8 2.4 Drought Prediction in Korea 13 Chapter 3. Methodology 16 3.1 Ensemble Prediction 16 3.1.1 Concept of Ensemble 16 3.1.2 Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) 16 3.1.3 Ensemble Drought Prediction (EDP) 19 3.2 Bayes Theorem 21 3.2.1 Prior Distribution 21 3.2.2 Likelihood function 21 3.2.3 Posterior Distribution 22 3.3 Performance Measures 23 3.3.1 Deterministic Approach 23 3.3.2 Probabilistic Approach 23 Chapter 4. Application 26 4.1 Study Area 26 4.2 Data Sets 28 4.2.1 Observed Data 28 4.2.2 ESP Dataset 28 4.2.3 Soil Moisture Index (SMI) 30 4.3 EDP with SMI 31 4.3.1 Modeling Framework 31 4.3.2 Results and Discussion 36 4.4 EDP with Probabilistic Precipitation Forecast 42 4.4.1 Probabilistic Precipitation Forecast by APCC 42 4.4.2 Modeling Framework 42 4.4.3 Results and Discussion 45 Chapter 5. Conclusion 47 5.1 Summary and Conclusions 47 5.2 Future Study 49 References 50 Appendix 58 A-1 Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Results 58 A-2 Ensemble Drought Prediction Results 61Maste

A Study on the Improvement of Container Securing System considered Container Ship's Characteristics

Global container shipping companies have continuously enlarged the ship's size to reduce fuel cost, port charge and CO2 emissions to transport more cargoes at a time by a ship. Loadable space on deck has significantly increased by ship's size enlargement, but the container ship can not load containers up to designed capacity of container as shipbuilding's design plan due to the existing installed lashing system's limitation. Each Classification restricts to load containers on deck when lashing force exceeds permission load for safety lashing. It leads to business loss for Shipping company due to unable cargo spaces of the ship. Cargo stowage planner and ship's crew must observe the regulation of lashing force's permission load required by the Classification for safety cargo transit. In case of lashing force’s over, it is necessary to study the ship's characters affecting cargo securing system to maximize loadable ship's space as well as cargo weight distribution when planning cargo loading stowage. This paper is intended to provide improvement method after analyzing the correlation of ship's characters with lashing force. Analysis procedure of the this study is as follows. Firstly, this study specifies parameters which are GM(metacentric height), Loading position of container, Draft except of ship’s static characters and external factor. Additionally, this paper tries to makes inferences any features from data which was gotten to comparison analysis of container lashing force by ship’s sizes. Secondly, This study was carried out targeting 4.5K, 8.5K, 13.1K container ship of H shipping company having been to enter Pusan new port H terminal during the recent 6 month period(2015.09~2016.02). Pusan new port is last port of ‘Trans Pacific Service’ and main port of ‘Asia-Europe Service’. So these conditions are suitable for this study because ship’s cargo spaces were stuffed full of containers. Thirdly, Lashing calculation tool(Certificated by KR classification) which was made by H-UNI was used for lashing force calculation by parameters. There was a correlation between parameters and lashing force through data which was obtained by lashing calculation tool. As a result, parameters such as GM, Loading position, Ship size’s characteristic change the lashing force significantly. The utilization of this parameters can make additional loadable spaces and safe lashing status reduce lashing force. Lastly, this paper suggested improvement method for reducing lashing force when making cargo stowage plan. And these improvement method was verified by actual used loading stowage plan.목 차 List of Tables iii List of Figures v Abstract vii 1. 서 론 1 1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 1.2 연구의 내용 및 방법 3 1.3 연구의 기대 효과 6 2. 컨테이너 시큐어링 시스템 7 2.1 컨테이너와 고박장치 7 2.1.1 컨테이너 개요 7 2.1.2 컨테이너 고박장치 8 2.1.3 컨테이너와 고박장치에 작용하는 하중 11 2.2 Lashing Bridge 시스템 15 2.2.1 Lashing Bridge의 필요성 및 역할 15 2.2.2 Lashing Pattern 15 2.3 컨테이너 고박강도계산 19 2.3.1 고박강도계산 방법 19 2.3.2 고박강도계산 이론 19 2.3.3 고박강도계산 프로그램 활용 26 3. 컨테이너 시큐어링 시스템에 미치는 선박특성 및 연구 방법 27 3.1 선박특성 설정 27 3.2 영향 평가 방법 28 3.3 적용 조건 및 고려사항 28 3.3.1 비교 대상 선박 제원 29 3.3.2 적용 컨테이너 및 Lashing force 허용하중 30 3.3.3 선박특성 적용 조건 31 4. 컨테이너 선박특성 별 시큐어링 시스템 영향 분석 36 4.1 GM이 고박하중에 미치는 영향 분석 36 4.1.1 선박 별 GM 구간 설정 36 4.1.2 GM을 변수로 한 고박하중 계산 및 상관관계 분석 37 4.2 컨테이너 적재 위치가 고박하중에 미치는 영향 분석 48 4.2.1 컨테이너 적재 위치 설정 48 4.2.2 적재 위치를 변수로 한 고박하중 계산 및 상관관계 분석 49 4.3 선박의 흘수가 고박하중에 미치는 영향 분석 54 4.3.1 선박 별 흘수 구간 설정 54 4.3.2 흘수를 변수로 한 고박하중 계산 및 상관관계 분석 54 4.4 선박크기별 특성이 고박하중에 미치는 영향 분석 60 4.4.1 선박 크기 별 비교대상 및 통제요인 설정 60 4.4.2 선박크기별 특성을 변수로 한 고박하중 계산 및 상관관계 분석 60 5. 선박특성을 고려한 컨테이너 시큐어링 개선 방안 68 5.1 GM의 적정 수준 운용 68 5.2 선수, 선미 Bay에 중량화물 선적 제한 69 5.3 흘수를 감안한 Stowage 운용 69 5.4 선박 크기 별 Stowage 운용 개선방안 69 5.5 개선 방안의 검증 평가 70 6. 결 론 76 참고문헌 79 부 록 81 감사의 글 121Maste

파종기용 파종 감시 장치 개발

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :농공학과 농업기계전공,1996.Maste

기가와트-나노초의 자기 절연된 전송선 발진기에서 모드경쟁 동역학

학위논문(박사) --서울대학교 대학원 :물리학부,2007.Docto

Architecture design under consideration of compiler : case study: a 16-bit DSP architecture with DIAM for code size reduction

Thesis(masters) --서울대학교 대학원 :전기. 컴퓨터공학부, 2009.2.Maste

산화적 스트레스 상황 하에서 세포 내 오토파지에 의한 단백질 분해 조절에 대한 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 자연과학대학 생물물리 및 화학생물학과, 2018. 8. 이준호.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are baring an extra electron, and the electron has a potential to engage in various reactions with its electro-potential energy in the cells. But, when excessive ROS are generated in cells, these ROS react with cellular substances and induce oxidative stress to cells. In response to the stress, there are the oxidative stress scavengers and through these mechanisms, cells could have reduced the concentration of ROS in cellsABSTRACT…………………………………………………..i CONTENTS………...………...……………….…..…....iv LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES………….…..…....iv ABBREVIATIONS….………………..……….…..…....iv 1. Introduction….……………….……..……….…..…....1 2. Material and methods ….……………….……..…....9 Cell culture………………………………………………………………9 Reagents and antibodies…………………………...………………………9 Production of anti-R-BiP antibody…………………….…………………10 Plasmids, cloning, and mutagenesis..……………………………………10 Stable transfection and generation of stable cell lines………………….…11 DJ-1 complex purification and mass spectrometry analysis……………...12 Subcellular fractionation…………………………………………….…...13 Co-immunoprecipitation…………………………………………………14 Immunostaining assay……………………………………………………14 Detection of ROS generation……………………………………………..15 Immunoblotting assay……………………………………………………15 GST pull-down assay…………………………………………………….16 JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay…………………………...16 Survival assay…………………………………………………………….16 Apoptosis assay…………………………………………………………..17 RT-PCR analysis…………………………………………………………17 Statistical analysis………………………………………………………..18 3. Results…………………….……………….……..…..19 TRAIL induced oxidative stress………………………………………….19 DJ-1 as a TRAIL induced oxidative stress reducer.………………………20 The binding partner of DJ-1 under TRAIL induced oxidative stress...……21 R-BiP induction by TRAIL and interaction with DJ-1…..………………22 Importance of arginylation on BiP in interaction with DJ-1………………23 Oxidation of DJ-1 under the oxidative stress the function of oxidized DJ-1…………......................................………………………………….24 Interaction of oxidized DJ-1 and autophagic receptor p62…......................25 Importance of DJ-1 while the interaction of R-BiP and p62.......…………26 DJ-1, a modulator of R-BiP / p62 autophagic puncta formation .…………27 DJ-1, the function as a modulator of cargo targeting.......…………………28 Cargo delivery defect in DJ-1 deficient cells.....………………………….30 Autophagic proteolysis defect in DJ-1 deficient cells.……………………31 Mitochondria deficiency in DJ-1 deficient cells.…………………………32 Protective role of DJ-1 under ER stress.………………………………….33 Protective role of N-end rule substrate BiP under TRAIL induced stress...35 4. Discussion………………….……………….……….111 5. References………………….……………….……....116 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN / 국문 초록…………….134Docto

Add-on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy for Adults with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Who Failed to Respond to Initial Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy

This study examined the add-on efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy among adult civilians with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who continued to be symptomatic after more than 12 weeks of initial antidepressant treatment. Scores for the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) were rated pre- and post-EMDR and at a 6-month follow-up. After an average of six sessions of EMDR treatment, seven of 14 patients (50%) showed more than a 30% decrease in CAPS score and eight (57%) no longer met the criteria for PTSD. Our results indicate that EMDR could be successfully added after failure of initial pharmacotherapy for PTSD.This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number, HM15C1058)

Regulation for the Convergence of Telecommunications and Broadcasting in Korea: Regulatory Issues Concerning Barriers to the Convergence

The industry of information and telecommunication has been drastically changed. The main reason of this change has been based on the development of information technology. Until recently the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors had provided distinct services to consumer and each sector had been governed by a diverse set of regulations which could be distinguished on the basis of their technical characteristics. But with the technical development of digital, broadband and integration of networks have led to the development of new services. It has blurred production-based distinctions between major industries such as broadcasting and telecommunications. As new services emerge, it is difficult to distinguish each services and clarify its identification. VOD(Video on Demand), internet broadcasting, and other interactive services cannot be defined in traditional terms of telecommunications or broadcasting. This unclear characteristics make it difficult to have a regulatory framework for the new services. In addition to the convergence of services and networks, the convergence of industries has emerged at a rapid pace. We see today the convergence of industries is dominant in the sector of broadcasting and telecommunications across the world. In the U.S., since 1980s merger and acquisition of broadcasting, telecommunication and, audiovisual industries have happened widely. Moreover, with the 1996 Telecommunication Act allowing broadcasters and telcos to enter into each other's sector, this trend has been accelerated. The Act opens all communications services to competition, creating a 'digital free-for-all' (Baldwin, 1996:1)

Development of virtual test path for eclipse-II, a parallel mechanism motion simulator

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :기계항공공학부,2004.Maste