12 research outputs found

    Influence of the Ambivalent Sexism of Elementary School Teachers in Gender-equal Teaching Attitudes

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(μΌλ°˜μ‚¬νšŒμ „κ³΅), 2021. 2. λͺ¨κ²½ν™˜.This study investigated the gender-equal teaching attitudes of elementary school teachers and the factors of ambivalent sexism that have influence on teaching attitudes. Due to recent incidents and controversies related to gender issues, the demand for gender sensitivity education is increasing socially. The purpose of this study is to revitalize discussions on gender equality culture in the educational field in response to these social needs and to suggest practical plans. To this end, consideration started with how gender equality education has been mainly conducted in subject areas such as social studies, and in what areas it has been concentrated. As a result, gender equality education in the subject most often dealt with the issue of discrimination based on the hostile view of a specific gender and the social role in the public domain. However, this study was conducted under the awareness that the various gender-related controversies that are occurring today are not necessarily the result of explicit discrimination issues. To this end, 'Does elementary school teachers' sexism affect gender-equal teaching attitudes?' was set as a research question. The sub-hypothesis established to find out this is as follows. Sub-hypothesis 1. The weaker the hostile sexism of elementary school teachers, the higher the gender-equality teaching attitudes. Sub-hypothesis 2. The weaker the benevolent sexism of elementary school teachers, the higher the gender-equality teaching attitudes. In order to verify the above research hypothesis, this study conducted an online survey on 291 elementary school teachers nationwide who have experience in guiding students' life. The analyzed data included hostile sexism and benevolent sexism as independent variables. Gender, age, teaching experience, number of completion of gender equality training, and recognition of the need for gender equality education were set as control variables to verify the research hypothesis. Multiple regression analysis was conducted by setting gender-equal teaching attitudes as the dependent variable. In addition, variance analysis was performed by dividing the sample into four groups according to the pattern of ambivalent sexism. The analysis results are as follows. The sexism of elementary school teachers was affecting the gender-equal teaching attitudes. Both benevolent sexism and hostile sexism showed statistically significant results at p <.001 level. Therefore, the hypothesis 'The weaker the hostile sexism of elementary school teachers will have a higher gender-equal teaching attitudes' and 'The weaker the benevolent sexism of elementary school teachers will have a higher gender-equal teaching attitudes.' all were adopted. Through the above analysis results, the following conclusions were drawn. First, teachers had more benevolent sexism that existed implicitly than hostile sexism that was explicitly seen. However, until now, it has been very rare that the training for teachers and school education for students has officially dealt with benevolent sexism. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the discussion about other levels of sexism with reference to these results. Second, both hostile sexism and benevolent sexism of teachers have a significant effect on gender-equal teaching attitudes. Among them, benevolent sexism has a greater influence. If the problem of gender equality only focuses on hostile sexism without such awareness, there is a possibility that the factors that have a significant influence on the practice of gender equality by teachers may be missed. Therefore, gender equality education with diverse perspectives should be reflected to enhance the effectiveness of policies and education. Third, irrespective of the two types of sexism, the dichotomy of gender roles and gender characteristics negatively affects teachers' gender-equal teaching attitudes. When looking at the results of regression analysis, the items of competitive gender differentiation and complementary gender differentiation were simultaneously negatively affecting the dependent variable. Gender differentiation refers to the view that men and women have different characteristics, so that there are separate fields and roles for each gender. Teachers showed that their stereotypes about jobs and social roles have decreased a lot, but they are still not free from stereotypes about gender characteristics. Therefore, before discussing social roles and division of work in the home, it is necessary to consider more fundamental personal characteristics and personalities. Finally, some implications can be obtained from the influence of the controlling variable. First, as a result of statistical verification, the training program for gender equality has not played a major role in raising teachers' gender equality awareness and willingness to practice. It is necessary to consider whether the contents and methods of the gender equality training program currently being conducted are appropriately implemented to produce desirable results. The second is the awareness of teachers' need for gender equality education. Nearly half of the teachers are aware of the need for gender equality education in order to cultivate students' citizenship, but because it is practically impossible, they advocate maintaining the current state. In this situation, it is possible to think about ways to deal more actively with related topics in subject areas such as social studies. If timely issues of the current society are treated as learning topics, students would feel more closely with their own problems and actively cultivate the spirit of democratic citizenship.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ™€ 이에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ μš”μΈλ“€μ„ νƒκ΅¬ν•΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. μ΅œκ·Όμ— λΆˆκ±°μ§„ μ„± κ΄€λ ¨ 사건과 λ…Όλž€λ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ„± 인지 κ°μˆ˜μ„±(gender sensitivity) κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μš”κ΅¬κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μš”κ΅¬μ— λΆ€μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ ꡐ윑 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ 성평등 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜κ³  μ‹€μ²œμ μΈ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ“±μ˜ κ΅κ³Όμ—μ„œ 성평등 ꡐ윑이 주둜 μ–΄λ–€ μ–‘μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€ μ˜μ—­μ— μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λΆ€ν„° κ³ μ°°ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό κ΅κ³Όμ—μ„œμ˜ 성평등 κ΅μœ‘μ€ νŠΉμ • 성에 λŒ€ν•œ μ λŒ€μ  μ‹œμ„ μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 차별 문제, 그리고 곡적 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒ 역할을 κ°€μž₯ 많이 닀루고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ‹€λ°©λ©΄μ˜ μ„± κ΄€λ ¨ λ…Όλž€λ“€μ΄ κΌ­ λͺ…μ‹œμ  차별 문제둜 인해 λ„μΆœλœ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹ μ•„λž˜ λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”κ°€?λ₯Ό 연ꡬ 문제둜 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„€μ •ν•œ ν•˜μœ„ 연ꡬ 가섀은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. ν•˜μœ„κ°€μ„€ 1. μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ•½ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 높은 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. ν•˜μœ„κ°€μ„€ 2. μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ•½ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 높은 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. μœ„ 연ꡬ가섀을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ „κ΅­μ˜ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ ꡐ사듀 쀑 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μƒν™œ 지도λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•΄ λ³Έ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” λ‹΄μž„κ΅μ‚¬ 291λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 온라인 섀문쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΆ„μ„λœ μžλ£ŒλŠ” 연ꡬ κ°€μ„€μ˜ 검증을 μœ„ν•΄ μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ™€ μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό λ…λ¦½λ³€μΈμœΌλ‘œ, 성별, λ‚˜μ΄, ꡐ직 κ²½λ ₯, 양성평등 μ—°μˆ˜ 이수 횟수, 양성평등 κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•„μš”μ„± 인식을 ν†΅μ œ λ³€μΈμœΌλ‘œ, 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„λ₯Ό μ’…μ†λ³€μΈμœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ˜ 양상에 따라 ν‘œλ³Έμ„ λ„€ μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λΆ„μ‚° 뢄석을 μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ— 영ν–₯을 미치고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜, μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ‘ p < .001 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ κ°€μ„€ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ•½ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 높은 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.와 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ•½ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 높은 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. λͺ¨λ‘ μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 톡해 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 결둠을 λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째, ꡐ사듀은 λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λ³΄λ‹€ μ•”λ¬΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 더 많이 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ ꡐ사 λŒ€μƒμ˜ μ—°μˆ˜μ™€ 학생 λŒ€μƒμ˜ 학ꡐ κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 닀룬 κ²½μš°λŠ” 맀우 λ“œλ¬Όμ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ°¨μ›μ˜ μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μž₯이 λ§ˆλ ¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ΅μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ™€ μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ‘ 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ— μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€. κ·Έ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ μ˜¨μ •μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 더 큰 영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ§Œμ•½ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 자각 없이 μ λŒ€μ  μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ—λ§Œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ—¬ 성평등 문제λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ΅μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 성평등 μ‹€μ²œμ— μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 끼치고 μžˆλŠ” μš”μΈμ„ 놓칠 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ •μ±…κ³Ό ꡐ윑 μ‹€νš¨μ„±μ˜ 제고λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹œκ°μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ 성평등 μ˜μ‹ ꡐ윑이 λ°˜μ˜λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. μ…‹μ§Έ, 두 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό λΆˆλ¬Έν•˜κ³  μ„±μ—­ν• κ³Ό 성별 νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이뢄법적 μ‹œκ°μ΄ κ΅μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ— 뢀정적인 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉœλ‹€. νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 봀을 λ•Œ, 경쟁적 μ„±μ—­ν•  뢄화와 보완적 μ„±μ—­ν•  λΆ„ν™” ν•­λͺ©μ΄ λ™μ‹œμ— 쒅속 변인에 뢀적 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ„±μ—­ν•  λΆ„ν™”λž€ 남성과 μ—¬μ„±μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 각 성별에 λ§žλŠ” 뢄야와 역할이 λ”°λ‘œ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” μ‹œκ°μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. ꡐ사듀은 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λ§‘λŠ” μ§μ—…μ΄λ‚˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ 고정관념은 많이 쀄어든 μƒνƒœμ΄μ§€λ§Œ 성별 νŠΉμ„± κ³ μ •κ΄€λ…μ—μ„œλŠ” 아직 μžμœ λ‘­μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 많이 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ—­ν• κ³Ό κ°€μ •μ—μ„œμ˜ 일 뢄담에 κ΄€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•žμ„œ, 더 근본적인 개인적 νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό 성격에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ³ μ°°ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅μ œ λ³€μΈμ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λͺ‡ 가지 μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€. 첫째, 톡계적 검증 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보면 양성평등 ꡐ윑 μ—°μˆ˜κ°€ κ΅μ›λ“€μ˜ 성평등 μ˜μ‹κ³Ό μ‹€μ²œ μ˜μ§€λ₯Ό μ§„μž‘μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 데 큰 일쑰λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ μ‹€μ‹œλ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 양성평등 ꡐ윑 μ—°μˆ˜μ˜ λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό 방법이 λ°”λžŒμ§ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚°μΆœν•˜κΈ°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹€μ‹œλ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κ³ λ―Όν•΄ 보아야 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§ΈλŠ” κ΅μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 양성평등 ꡐ윑의 ν•„μš”μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식이닀. μ ˆλ°˜μ— κ°€κΉŒμš΄ ꡐ사듀이 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμ„± 함양을 μœ„ν•΄ 성평등 ꡐ윑의 ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ μ ˆκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„ν–‰ μœ μ§€λ₯Ό μ˜Ήν˜Έν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황이라면 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όμ™€ 같은 ꡐ과 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 더 적극적으둜 κ΄€λ ¨ 주제λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆλ„ 생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όμ—μ„œ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ΄€μš©κ³Ό νƒ€ν˜‘μ˜ μ •μ‹ , μ‚¬νšŒ μ •μ˜μ˜ μ‹€ν˜„μ„ 도λͺ¨ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄ ν˜„ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ‹œμ˜μ„± μžˆλŠ” μ£Όμ œλ“€μ„ ν•™μŠ΅ 제재둜 닀룬닀면 학생듀이 μ’€ 더 μžμ‹ μ˜ 문제둜 λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ 느끼고 적극적으둜 λ―Όμ£Ό μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 정신을 함양할 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.λͺ© μ°¨ β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ  및 ν•„μš”μ„± 1 2. 연ꡬ 문제 6 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의의 및 ν•œκ³„ 7 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 13 1. 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ 13 1) 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ˜ κ°œλ… 13 2) 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ˜ ν•˜μœ„ μš”μ†Œ 19 3) 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ˜ μ‹΅νƒœμ™€ 영ν–₯ 21 2. 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„ 27 1) νƒœλ„μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ ꡐ윑적 연ꡬ 27 2) ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ 영ν–₯ 29 3) 성평등 ꡐ윑과 성평등적 ꡐ윑 31 4) μ„± μ—­ν•  정체감과 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„ 37 3. 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ™€ 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„ 43 1) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 사고와 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„ 43 2) 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μ™€ 성평등 μ‹€μ²œ 45 β…’. 연ꡬ 섀계 47 1. 연ꡬ κ°€μ„€ 47 2. 연ꡬ 변인 47 3. μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒ 및 ν‘œμ§‘ 방법 54 4. 뢄석 방법 56 β…£. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 59 1. 변인별 기술 톡계 뢄석 59 1) μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ νŠΉμ„± 59 2) μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ΅μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 61 2. κ²°κ³Ό 뢄석 63 1) 상관관계 뢄석 63 2) 성평등적 ꡐ수 νƒœλ„μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 뢄석 66 3) 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ ν•˜μœ„ μš”μ†Œλ³„ 영ν–₯ 뢄석 72 4) 양가적 μ„±μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜ 집단별 λΆ„μ‚° 뢄석 78 β…€. κ²°λ‘  및 μ œμ–Έ 85 1. μš”μ•½ 및 λ…Όμ˜ 85 2. μ œμ–Έ 92 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 94 뢀둝 102 Abstract 107Maste

    Localized surface plasmon based super resolution imaging technique with nanostructures

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    Interdisciplinary Program in Nanomedical Science and Technology/박사In this dissertation, I have investigated the plasmon enhanced total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for improvement of imaging sensitivity and imaging resolution using various nanopatterns in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. First, I have found the feasibility of the evanescent field enhancement based on dielectric thin films and metal nanostructures in TIRF microscopy for sensitivity enhancement. The enhancement was associated with the overall field intensity amplification. To maximize the field intensity, multi-layers of dielectric films and metal nanopatterns are designed and fabricated using film evaporation and electron beam lithography, respectively. The sensitivity enhancement was confirmed with fluorescent beads and quantum dots attached on cancer cells. Especially, to find the optimum design parameters of plasmon enhanced TIRF microscopy using metal, plasmon momentum mismatches between near field and far field are also determined using rigorous coupled wave analysis. The numerical results are experimentally verified with fluorescent beads on various nanopatterns, such as nanowires and nanoislands. The results confirm that momentum mismatching when exciting plasmons can increase the consequent emission of fluorescence substantially. Consequently, I have introduced three kinds of plasmon-based techniques for super resolution imaging under diffracted-limited: 1) Surface plasmon-enhanced randomly activated (SUPRA) TIRF microscopy 2) nanoscale localization sampling technique and 3) plasmon based spatially activated light microscopy. For SUPRA-TIRF microscopy, I have investigated the imaging resolution enhancement by exciting randomly amplified local hot spots. The random hot spots are activated by chemically synthesized nanoislands. The distribution of hot spots can be adjusted for efficient excitation of fluorescent molecules. This technique was experimentally verified by imaging fluorescent beads and visualizing endocytosis of fluorescent adenoviruses. The results confirm the enhancement of resolution, which was more prominent at higher concentration of fluorescent molecules. For an NLS technique, periodic nanohole arrays that create locally amplified hot spots are fabricated. The localized near field hot spot temporally samples microtubular movement for enhanced spatial resolution. A four times improvement in spatial resolution compared to conventional TIRF microscopy is demonstrated. The resolution enhancement is achieved by imaging rhodamine-labeled microtubules that are sampled by the hot spots to provide sub-diffraction-limited images at 76 nm resolution in the direction of movement and 135 nm orthogonally. The intensity distribution produced by the NLS is measured to be broader than that of conventional imaging, which is consistent with the improvement of imaging resolution. NLS can be useful for moving objects that have a high labeling density of for performing fluctuation spectroscopy in small volumes, and may allow super-resolution on demand by customizing nanoantenna structures for specific resolution needs. On the other hands, PSALM is based on the spatially switched activation of local amplified hot spots under multiple light incidence conditions. The feasibility of the concept was demonstrated by imaging fluorescent beads on a two-dimensional gold nanowire of a 100-nm-wide grating ridge, the size of which is the measure of the imaging resolution. The result confirms the performance of PSALM for imaging the beads at a resolution below the conventional diffraction limit.Further studies of these techniques are expected to provide super resolution under 50 nm to observe and track extremely small molecules or proteins at/near cell membranes.restrictio

    λ””μ§€ν„Έμ˜ˆμˆ μ—μ„œμ˜ μΈν„°λž™ν‹°λΈŒ

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