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    ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„  ์ตœ์  ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ด์˜์ธ.์‹ค๋ฌดํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™˜์Šน์‹œ์„ค์— ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด ์ง€์นจ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1999๋…„ ใ€Œ๊ตํ†ต์ฒด๊ณ„ํšจ์œจํ™”๋ฒ•ใ€ ์ œ์ •๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ใ€Œํ™˜์Šน์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™˜์Šน์„ผํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ใƒป๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€ใ€์ด 2015๋…„ ๊ณ ์‹œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์Šน์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„ ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ๋ฒ„์Šค์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ •์ฐจ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•ด์ง€๋„๋ก ๋ฒ„์Šค๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฐจ๋ฉด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ดˆ(Sec) ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋œ ์šดํ–‰๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฐ’๋“ค(์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์†Œ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ)๋กœ ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ ๊ตํ†ต์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์Šนํ•˜ใƒป์ฐจ์ธ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. IT๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ 2000๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ITS(Intelligent Transport System) ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดˆ(Sec) ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ ธ ํ˜„์žฅ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดˆ(Sec) ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ BIS์™€ ๊ฒ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด K๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3๊ณผ 1์ธ Erlang๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฌดํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์˜ ์ ์ • ์ •์ฐจ๋ฉด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†ก๋‚ด ํ™˜์Šน์‹œ์„ค ์ ์ • ์ •์ฐจ๋ฉด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค๋ฌดํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌดํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฌดํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์˜ ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„ํš๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ „, ์˜คํ›„ ์ฒจ๋‘์‹œ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ VISSIM์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. T์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ใƒป๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ์ž ๊ณ ๋ ค์‹œ์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ณ ๋ ค์‹œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ์šดํ–‰ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. BIS๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์‹œ์„คใƒป์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜์Šน์„ผํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™˜์Šน ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ฒด๊ณ„ 7 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 10 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฐจ๋ฉด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •์ด๋ก  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 10 1. ์šฉ์–ด ์ •์˜ 10 2. ์ •์ฐจ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 14 3. ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ก  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 20 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ• ์ด๋ก  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 25 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋„์ถœ 28 1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 28 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  34 3. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ 36 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์šดํ–‰ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 40 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ์š” 40 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 43 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 51 1. ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ 52 2. ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ€๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 54 3. ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฒ„์Šค์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 55 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 56 1. ์ •์ฐจ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜• 58 2. ์ฐจ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜• 61 3. ์ ํ•ฉ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ฒ€์ • 64 4. ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ 68 5. ๋ชจํ˜• ํ™œ์šฉ 70 ์ œ4์žฅ ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ 72 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด 72 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 75 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 81 1. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ 82 2. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 83 ์ œ5์žฅ ์ตœ์  ๋…ธ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋ชจํ˜• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 85 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์กฐ๊ฑด 85 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ •์˜ 85 2. ๋ชจํ˜• ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด 87 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ 91 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 92 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 99 ์ œ6์žฅ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 117 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 117 1. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 118 2. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด 118 3. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ 121 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ‰๊ฐ€ 123 ์ œ7์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„๊ณผ์ œ 124 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  124 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ 127 ๋ถ€๋ก 129 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 137 Abstract 140Docto

    Effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on cell-mediated immunity in mouse

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] 1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ํ•ญ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ด๋ž˜, ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ดํ•ด์— ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋…„ Fessel(1962), Solomon ๋ฐ Moos(1964), Heath ๋ฐ Krupp(1967), Stein๋“ฑ(1976)์€ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณธํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ ํ™˜์ž ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์—์„œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถ€๋ฆฐ, ํ•ญ๋‡Œ ํ•ญ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋น„ํŠน์ด์  ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, Torrey๋“ฑ(1978)์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์–‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋‘˜์งธ, Burch(1964) ๋ฐ Heath์™€ Krupp(1967)๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ์„ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ธ์งธ๋กœ, Fieve ๋“ฑ(1966), Knowles๋“ฑ(1970) ๋ฐ Zarrabi๋“ฑ(1979)์€ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ phenothiazine ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋“ฑ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ธ chlorpromazine๊ณผ haloperidol์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„ ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž immune-psychopharmacological study๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ chlorpromazine๊ณผ haloperidol์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์œจ, ํ‰์„  ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„์žฅ์˜ T์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์™€ B ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ T์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ฆ‰ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” in vitro ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ phytohemagglutinin(PHA)์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ ์ „ํ™˜๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฐ in vivo๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ BCG์ ‘์ข…์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐํ˜• ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ฒด์ค‘ 18โˆผ20gm์˜ ์›…์„ฑ ICR ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ chlorpromazine(Smith Kline & French Lab.)๊ณผ haloperidol(Janssen pharmaceutica)์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ 4๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, chlorpromazine(CP) ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ โ‘  CP(5mg/kg) ๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ, โ‘ก CP(5mg/kg) ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ, โ‘ข CP(15mg/kg) ๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ, โ‘ฃ CP(15mg/kg) ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, haloperidol(H) ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ โ‘  H(1mg/kg)๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ, โ‘ก H(1mg/kg)์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ, โ‘ขH(5mg/kg)๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ, โ‘ฃ H(5mg/kg) ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ saline(S)ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ โ‘  S(0.2ml)๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ, โ‘ก S(0.2ml)์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ์€ ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 1ํšŒ ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์Šคํ„ฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 1ํšŒ ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ์ง€ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ์ง€ 78์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ง์ „ ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด ๋งˆ์ทจ ํ•˜์— ํ›„์•ˆ์™€ ์ •๋งฅ์ด์—์„œ ์ทจํ•œ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์œจ์„ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๋ฌด๊ท  ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋น„์žฅ๊ณผ ํ‰์„ ์„ ์ ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰์„ ์„ธํฌ๋ฐ ๋น„์žฅ์˜ T์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์™€ B์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘๋ฉด์—ญ ํ˜•๊ด‘๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ Golub(1971) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰์„ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋น„์žฅ T์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋Š” rabbit anti-mouse brain(C^^3 H), adsorbed, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated(Bionetics)๋ฅผ, ๋น„์žฅ B์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋Š” fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G(Tago)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ PHA์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ ์ „ํ™˜๋ฐ˜์‘์€ Webel๋“ฑ(1975)์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ liquid scintillation ฮฒ-counter(Packard)๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ BCG-Y ์ƒ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญํ‚จ 4์ฃผ ํ›„์— ํŠœ๋ฒ„์ฟจ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ธก์ •์€ PPD๋ฅผ ํ”ผ๋‚ด์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„ (0, 24 , 48, 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„) dial thickness gauge(Mitutoyo MFG Co. LTD)๋กœ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์กฑ์ € ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€์—ฐํ˜• ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋Š” chlorpromazine ๋ฐ haloperidolํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ์œจ์€ haloperidol ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ํ‰์„ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ chlorpromazine 15mg/kg, haloperidol 1mg/kg ๋ฐ 5mg/kg์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋น„์žฅ T ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋Š” chlorpromazineํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ๋Š” 15mg/kg ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , haloperidolํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ๋Š” 1mg/kg ์žฌํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ, 5mg/kg ๋‹จ๋…๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ์žฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. PHA์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํŒŒ๊ตฌ ์ „ํ™˜๋ฐ˜์‘์€ chlorpromazine ๋ฐ haloperidol ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. 5. BCG๋กœ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•œ ํ›„ PPD๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐํ˜• ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๋ฐ”, chlorpromazine ๋ฐ haloperidolํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ PPD์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐํ˜• ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์„œ chlorpromazine๊ณผ haloperidol์€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ด์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Since the introduction of neuroleptic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the early 1950's, significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms and etiologies of psychosis. During recent studies to explain the nature of psychiatric disorders, an association between abnormal immune function and illness was observed by several investigators (Fessel, 1962: Solomon and Moos, 1964: Heath arid Krupp, 1967; Stein et al, 1976). Although the etiology of altered immunological function in schizophrenia is unknown, several possibilities have been suggested. These include a manifestation of an autoimmune disease (Burch, 1964; Heath and Krupp, 1667), a reaction to viral-like substance in some schizophrenics (Torrey et al, 1978: Crow et al, 1979; Tyrell et al, 1979), and the effect of pharmacological treatment(Fieve et al, 1966; Knowles et al, 1970: Zarrabi et al, 1979). In order to further clarify the relatioship between neuroleptics and immune function, an experimental study of the effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on murine cell-mediated immunity wart conducted. In the present studs. male ICR mitre, weighing approximately 18โˆผ20 gm were uses. The control group was treated with saline(S), and the experimental group was consisted of mice treated with chlorpromazine(CP) at 5 mg/kg or 15mg/kg or haloperidol(H) at 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg. Each of these treatment groups(S, CP 5 mg/kg. CP 15 mg/kg, H 1mg/kg, H 5 mg/kg) was further subdivided into a group that received a single dose and a group that received a initial dose and a booster dose. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. In the groups receiving a single dose. the mice were sacrificed 48 hours following administration of the drug. In the booster groups, the booster injections were given 48 hoers after the initial injections, and the mice were sacrificed 72 hours after the booster dose. Blood samples for the differential count of lymphocyte were taken from the retro-orbital plexus and white blood cell and the differential count of lymphocyte were determined by direct smear. All mouse were sacrificed after bleeding, and the spleen and thymus were removed. Mononuclear cells from the spleen and thymus cell suspensions were isolated by the Ficoll-hypaque technic (Kim et al, 1977). Thy-1 bearing cells from the thymus and spleen were identified by direct immunofluoreacence with rabbit anti-mouse branin(C^^3H) adsorbed. fluorescein istothiocyante conjugated(Bionetics) (Golub, 1971). The spleen B lymphocytes were identified by direct immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G(Tago) (Golub, 1971). To evaluate cellular immunity, PHA stimulated lymphocyte transformation was measured by counting 3**H-thymidine uptake by the splenic lymphocytes(Webel et al, 1975), and the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by BCG vaccination was also studied. The finding are summarized as follows: 1. In all of the experimental groups, chlorpromazine and halperidol produced a significant decrease in the peripheral blood WBC count, but only in the haloperidol group was the absolute lymphocyte count significantly decreased. 2. In all of the experimental groups, chlorpromazine and haloperidol produced a significant decrease in the absolute number of thy-1 bearing cells. This effect wart most remarkable in the chlorpromazine 15 mg/kg booster group, and haloperidol 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg booster groups. 3. In the chlorpromazine 15 mg/kg booster group, the haloperidol 1 mg/kg booster group, and the haloperidol 5 mg/kg single and booster groups, the absolute spleen T lymphocyte count was decreased significantly in comparison to the control group. 4. In all of the experimental groups, chlorpromazine and haloperidol impaired the in vitro lymphocyte resonpse to PHA. 5. In all of the experimental groups, the PPD following BCG vaccination was negative. On this evidence, it is concluded that chlorpromazine and haloperidol inhibit the cellular immune response of the mouse.restrictio

    ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ-์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด๋ฌธํ•™ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตญ์–ดํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์กฐํ˜„์„ค.์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ(๏ฅฒๅฎœ้บŸ: 1894-1951)์€ใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”๋Œ€์ง‘ใ€(1926)์˜ ํŽธ์ฐฌ์ž๋กœ ๋™ํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก์ž์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์• ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์กฐ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”์— ๋งค์ง„ํ•œ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ™œ๋™์€ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™์ด๋‹ค. 1914๋…„ ์žฌ๋™๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋ณดํ†ตํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ต์ง์ƒํ™œ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1950๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„๊ณง ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์— ๋ชธ๋‹ด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ผํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๊ต์œก์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กด๋ง์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 1923๋…„ 10์›” ์ทจ๋ฏธ์™€ ์‹ค์ต์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ณดํ†ตํ•™๊ต ์„ ์ƒ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•„๋กœ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œใ€Ž์‹ ์†Œ๋…„ใ€์— 1923๋…„ 12์›”ใ€Œ๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ใ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 1924๋…„ 1์›”ใ€Œ์ƒˆํ•ด๋…ธ๋ž˜ใ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1924๋…„ 3์›” ์ „์„คใ€Œ์™„๊ณ ์–‘๋ฐ˜ใ€์ดํ›„ 1924๋…„ 8์›” ๋™ํ™”ใ€Œ์œ ๋ณต์ž์˜ ํšจ์„ฑใ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์žก์ง€์— ๋™์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋™๋ฌธํ•™ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ „์„ค๊ณผ ๋™ํ™”๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋™ํ™”์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ใ€Ž์‹ ์†Œ๋…„ใ€์— ์ „์„ค๊ณผ ๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋˜ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€์—์„œใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”์ง‘ใ€(1925)์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์กฐ์„ ์ธ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง„์ทจ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ด์€ใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”๋Œ€์ง‘ใ€์„ ์ถœํŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์ด๋…๋ถ€์˜ ๋™ํ™”์ง‘๊ณผ ์กฐ์„  ์•„๋™ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ช…์ž‘๋™ํ™”์ง‘ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ถœํŒ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํฐ ํŒŒ๋ฌธ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”์ง‘ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™ํ™”์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ฐฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๊ต์œก์ด ์˜จ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋…น์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋„์ „์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์ •์‹ ์€ ์ด์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€(1928)๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. 1920๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™ํ™”ํšŒ๋Š” ์ฒœ๋„๊ต ์†Œ๋…„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์ •ํ™˜๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„๋™ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ํ™”๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ํ•™์˜ˆํšŒ, ๋™ํ™”ํšŒ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ค์—ฐ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„์„œใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ทจ๋ฏธ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋™ํ™” ๊ตฌ์—ฐ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ, ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ค์—ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์žฌ๋ฅผ ํŽธ์ฐฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ถœํŒ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์ธ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์™€ ์œ ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ 1927๋…„ 2์›” 16์ผ ๊ฐœ๊ตญ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ 12์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ๋™ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์†ก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒํ•จ์„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‘œ์ถœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๊ต์œก ๋ ˆ์ฝ”๋“œ์ธใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ์–ด๋…๋ณธใ€์ œ1๋ฒˆ ํŠธ๋ž™ ๏ฝข๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋…๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋…๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘œ์ค€์–ด ์Šต๋“์„ ๋…๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์„ฑ๊ธฐ ์Œ๋ฐ˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์–ด์กฐ์™€ ์–ต์–‘, ๋ฐœ์Œ, ์žฅ๋‹จ, ๊ณ ์ € ๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์–ด, ์‹ค์ œ์  ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋‚˜ ์œ ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ์„  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต, ๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ฒญ์ทจํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์  ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์ด ๋™ํ™”์˜ ์ถœํŒ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์™€ ์œ ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ทจ๋ฏธ์™€ ํฅ๋ฏธ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”๋Œ€์ง‘ใ€์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋™ํ™”์ง‘์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋ณด์™€ ์™„๊ณ ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚œ๊ณผ ํƒ์š•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ์œ ์–ด์™€ ์ƒ์ง•์–ด, ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์–‘์ƒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋Š” ๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํš๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”์ง‘ ํŽธ์ฐฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„  ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋™ํ™”ํšŒ์™€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…, ํ•™์˜ˆํšŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋™ํ™” ์‹ค์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋™ํ™” ์„ ํƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. 1920๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ๋™ํ™”ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”์ง‘์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์กฐ์„  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐจ๊ฒŒใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€๋ฅผ ์ถœํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์† ๊ฐ„ํ–‰์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ 2์ง‘์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์—ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์—ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹น๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์—ฐ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.ใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”๋Œ€์ง‘ใ€๊ณผใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€์— ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธใ€Œ๋ฉธ์น˜์˜ ๊ฟˆใ€์€ ํ—›๋œ ๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉธ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฌผ ์•ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ใ€Œ๋ฉธ์น˜์˜ ๊ฟˆใ€์€ ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์ด ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ถœํŒ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ž˜๋™ํ™”์ „์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋˜์–ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜น ์™ธ๊ตญ๋™ํ™”์˜ ์„œ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์„ ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”๋Œ€์ง‘ใ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผํ˜•์ œ์˜ ๏ฝข๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์„ ๏ฝฃ, ๏ฝข์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์˜ ์†Œ์›๏ฝฃ, ๏ฝข๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ์ฃผ๏ฝฃ๋ฅผ ๏ฝข๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์™•์ž๏ฝฃ, ๏ฝข์–ด๋ถ€์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๏ฝฃ, ๏ฝข์žฌ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๋„ค ํ˜•์ œ๏ฝฃ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผํ˜•์ œ์˜ใ€Œํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ์œ„ใ€์™€ใ€Œ๊ดด๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•€ใ€์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌใ€Œ์‚ผ๋‚จ์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ใ€์œผ๋กœ ์Šนํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์กฐ์„  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ง„์ทจ์ ์ธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์žฅํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅด์„ผ์˜ ๋ช…์ž‘ใ€Œ๋ถ€์‹ฏ๊นƒ ํ†ตใ€์„ 2ํšŒ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผํ’ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋งž์„œ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐํ•ด ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹น๋Œ€์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ์‹คํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชธ์†Œ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํš์„ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํž˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์•„๋ž‘๊ณณํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์™„๊ณ ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ—ˆ์ƒ์„ ๊ผฌ์ง‘๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ณ ๋‚œ๊ณผ ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋„“์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฐœํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ œ๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋…„์šด๋™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์•„๋™ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ๋™ํ™”์ง‘ ์ถœํŒ์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตฌ์—ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ๋™์ž‘, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํš์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™๋ฌธํ•™์‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์ƒ์ด ์ž๋ชป ํฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์ œ๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ˆ๊ธฐ, ์•”ํ‘๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ต์œก์— ์†๋‹ด, ์‹œ์กฐ, ์‚ฌ์ž์„ฑ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™ํ™” ์•ˆ์— ์†๋‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ž์„ฑ์–ด, ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ต์œก์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋™ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์•ž์„  ์•ˆ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ ์„ ๊ตฌ์  ๊ต์œก์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™๋ฌธํ•™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ธ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์™€ ๋™ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  3 1.3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 7 2. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ƒ์• ์™€ ํ™œ๋™ 19 2.1. ์ƒˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒ์•  19 2.2. '์กฐ์„ ์–ด' ๊ต์œก์— ๋ฐ”์นœ ์‚ถ 25 2.3. ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฉด๋ชจ 37 3. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ ๊ณผ์ • 47 3.1. ์กฐ์„ ์–ด๊ต์œก '๋‹ดํ™”์žฌ๋ฃŒ'ใ€Ž์กฐ์„ ๋™ํ™”๋Œ€์ง‘ใ€ ํŽธ์ฐฌ 47 3.2. ์กฐ์„ ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œใ€Ž์‹ค์—ฐ๋™ํ™”ใ€ ์ œ์ž‘ 72 3.3. ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™ 96 4. ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ ๋™ํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋ฌธํ•™ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ต์œก ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ 127 4.1. ์–ธ์–ด์ ยท๋‹ดํ™”์  ์ธก๋ฉด 127 4.1.1. ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ ์–ด๋‹ดํ™”์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ 127 4.1.2. ์กฐ์„ ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌ˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 147 4.1.3. ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด์™€ ๋…ผํ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 154 4.2. ๋ฌธํ•™์ ยท์ฃผ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด 163 4.2.1. ๋‹น๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ 163 4.2.2. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 184 4.2.3. ๋ชจํ—˜ ์„œ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์ „ ์ •์‹  ๋ถ€๊ฐ 194 5. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์•„๋™๋ฌธํ•™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฆฐ ๋™ํ™” ์šด๋™์˜ ์˜์˜ 213 5.1. ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ์กฐ์„ ํ™” 213 5.2. ๊ตฌ์—ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” 223 5.3. ๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฌธํ•™ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ 234 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  245 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 252 ๋ถ€๋ก 259 ไธญๆ–‡ๆ‘˜่ฆ 264Docto

    In Between Two Republics: A Comparative Study on Machiavelli and Guicciardini

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    ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค๊ธฐ ํ”ผ๋ Œ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ท€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ท€์กฑ์— ๋” ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฏผ์— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๋ก ์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€์กฑ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ท€์ฑ ๋ฅด๋””๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ถˆ์‹ ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ธ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋” ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งˆํ‚ค์•„๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท€์กฑ์„ ๋ถˆ์‹ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ท€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฏผ์€ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…์ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต์กด์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์กด์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํš์ผ์  ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๋ก ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆํ‚ค์•„๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ท€์ฑ ๋ฅด๋””๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตยท๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.There are several forces in a republic, and based on its forces, various discussions on the republic can be taken place. In the Renaissance Florence, the nobility and the people are the central forces of its republic. The republicanism focusing on the people and the aristocratic republicanism were competing. Guicciardini as the noble distrusts the people, Machiavelli who believes more the ability of the people cannot trust the nobility. But the nobility and the people as state members are the target not of exclusion, but of solidarity. The coexistence rather than monopoly and exclusion is a key concept of the republicanism. Coexistence does not mean the uniform equality which denies the differences. So depending on who has a certain capacity and should play more important roles in the republic, we can talk about a variety of republicanism. In this article, the competing republicanism of Machiavelli and Guicciardini will be compared and analysed. This discussion explores the diversity of republicanism more in depth

    ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„์™€ ๊ณจํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ‡ดํ–‰๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์—ญํ• 

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    Dept. of Medical Science/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ด€ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์ฆ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ํƒˆ์ถœ์ฆ, ํ›„๊ด€์ ˆ ๋น„ํ›„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„ ๋ฐ ๊ณจํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„์™€ ๊ณจํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‡ดํ–‰์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™•์žฅ(mechanical stretching)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ต์›์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„์™€ ๊ณจํ™”์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ํ‡ดํ–‰์˜ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์š”์ถ” ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ด€ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์ฆ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ํ‡ดํ–‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒˆ์ถœ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๊นŠ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํƒˆ์ถœ๋œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ์€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ IL-1ฮฑ, IL-6, TNF-ฮฑ, PGE2, NO๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ inflammatory cytokines ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ cytokines ์ด ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทน์‹œ์ผœ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹, ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ๊ณจ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ด€ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์ฆ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€ ๋น„ํ›„์™€ ๊ณจํ™”์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‡ดํ–‰๋œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์€ ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ด€ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์••์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ 27๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฒ™์ถ” ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ํƒˆ์ถœ๋œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์—ฐ๋ น 49-78์„ธ). ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 3์„ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ๋’ค ์ƒ์ธต์•ก๋งŒ ๋ชจ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ conditioned medium๋ผ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ cytokine์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด IL-1ฮฑ (30 ng/ml), IL-6 (30 ng/ml), TNF-ฮฑ (100 ng/ml), PGE2 (10uM), NO (100uM)๊ณผ conditioned medium๋ฅผ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ์จ saline ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MTT assay ์™€ 3H-thymidine incorporation ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธํฌ ๋…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , RT-PCR ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ 1, 2, 3, 5, 11ํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ๊ณผ osteocalcin ์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ss-actin ์€ mRNA ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red-S staining, Von Kossa staining ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ณจํ˜•์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค./์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, cytokine ๊ณผ conditioned medium๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ DNA ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ œ 1, 3, 5, 11ํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ, osteocalcin mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Von Kossa, Alizarin Red-S, alkaline phosphatase๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ์˜ ํ‡ดํ–‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒˆ์ถœ์ฆ์€ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณจํ™”์™€ pathogenic significance ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ํƒˆ์ถœ์ฆ์€ inflammatory cytokine ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋น„ํ›„์™€ ๊ณจํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Spinal stenosis is caused, in part, by hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum and facet joints. Hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum are induced by the degenerative processes that occur with aging and the increased collagen synthesis that results from mechanical stretching. The degree of hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum is usually correlated with the amount of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. This implies a possible relationship between disc degeneration or herniation and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum in lumbar spinal stenosis. A herniated disc results in the spontaneous production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, NO, PGE2, and TNF-ฮฑ. Therefore, we hypothesized that cytokines from a herniated IVD affect cellular proliferation, matrix synthesis, and osteogenesis in the ligamentum flavum, causing hypertrophy and ossification of the ligament. Therefore, this study examined the effect of a secreted cocktail of inflammatory cytokines from herniated discs on ligamentum flavum cells, to identify the role of degenerated discs in the pathogenesis of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and ossification in spinal stenosis. Specimens from the interlaminar portion of the ligamentum flavum and herniated lumbar disc tissues were collected during surgery on 27 patients (age range: 49-78 years) with lumbar spine stenosis. Then, the supernatant was collected from herniated disc tissue and used as a cytokine cocktail that was administered to ligamentum flavum cultures. We refer to this as this conditioned medium. Ligamentum flavum cell cultures were treated with cytokines and conditioned medium, and incubated for 48 h. Saline treatment served as a control. Tests including the MTT assay, the determination of 3H-thymidine incorporation and the expression of types I, III, V, and XI collagen and osteocalcin mRNA, and Von Kossa, Alizarin Red-S, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed. No cytotoxicity was observed. DNA synthesis was increased significantly in the treatment with cytokines and conditioned medium. The expression of types I, III, V, and XI collagen and osteoclacin mRNA was highly upregulated in the treatments with cytokines and conditioned medium. The ligamentum flavum cells treated with cytokines and conditioned medium stained positively for Von Kossa, Alizarin Red-S, and ALP stains. Combined, disc degeneration or herniation has a pathogenetic significance in hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Disc herniation can affect the ligamentum flavum via inflammatory cytokines and cause hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum.ope

    ์ธ์ฒด ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ SW620์—์„œ 5-Fluorouracil ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ CD133๊ณผ Nucleophosmin์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์ข…์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2013. 8. ๊ตฌ์ž๋ก.Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Specific CSC targeting and eradication is therefore a therapeutically important challenge. CD133 is a colorectal CSC marker with unknown function(s). Assessing proteomic changes induced by CD133 expression may provide clues not only to new CD133 functions but also to the chemotherapy and radiation susceptibility of colon cancer cells. To identify the proteins affected by CD133 expression, CD133-positive (CD133+) and CD133-negative (CD133โ€“) human colon cancer cells were obtained by cell sorting. Whole proteomes were profiled from SW620/CD133+ and SW620/CD133โ€“ cells and analyzed by two-dimensional-based proteome analysis. Nucleophosmin (NPM1) was identified as a protein regulated by CD133. CD133 expression was not affected by NPM1, and an interaction between the two proteins was not observed. CD133 and NPM1 expression was positively correlated in 11 human colon cancer cell lines. The CD133+ subpopulation percentage or its value normalized against CD133 expression was only linked to intrinsic susceptibility of human colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, either suppression of CD133 or NPM1 increased 5-FU susceptibility of SW620. The present study suggests that CD133-regulated NPM1 expression may provide a clue to novel CD133 function(s) linked to human colon cancer cell susceptibility to chemotherapy.Docto

    A taxonomic study of Apiaceae Lindl. in Korea

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ๋ฐ•์ข…์šฑ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ํ˜•ํƒœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ง„ํ™”์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ตํ˜•ํƒœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹๋ณ„ํ˜•์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฝƒ(ํ™”ํŒ, ํ™”์ฃผํŒ ๋ฐ ์•…ํŽธ)์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋ถ„๊ณผ(๋Š‘, ์œ ๊ด€, ํ‘œ๋ฉด)์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์—ฝ๋ก์ฒด DNA 5๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(rbcL, matL, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, psbA-trnH)์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์˜ 3์•„๊ณผ[ํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด์•„๊ณผ (2์† 6์ข…), ์ฐธ๋ฐ˜๋””์•„๊ณผ (1์† 3์ข…), ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„๊ณผ (32์† 71์ข…)] ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„๊ณผ๋Š” 4์กฑ[tribes Careae, Scandiceae (subtribes Scandicinae, Daucinae, Torilidinae), Bupleureae, Oenanthe] ๋ฐ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ (clades Angelica, Apium, Heracleum, Pimpinella)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„๊ณผ์˜ Peucedanum์† ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ์ถ”์ž๋„์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ P. chujaense์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 8์ข…(P. coreanum, P. elegans, P. terebinthaceum, P. japonicum, P. litorale, P. paishanense, P, hakuunense)์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Angelica tenuissimum์„ Conioselinum์†์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ C. tenuissimum์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Angelica amurensis์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Angelica์† ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ด 12์ข… (A. cartilaginomarginata, A. anomala, A. genuflexa, A. reflexa, A. gigas, A, acutiloba, A. decursiva, A. czernaevia, A. japonica, A. polymorpha, A. amurensis, A. dahurica)์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ–ˆ๋˜ Libanotis coreana์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์—ฝ๋ก์ฒด DNA 5๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ DNA ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ข… ํŒ๋ณ„ ํ•ด์ƒ๋Šฅ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 55%(rbcL)์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 82.5%(matK)์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ 26๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 5๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ข… ํŒ๋ณ„ ํ•ด์ƒ๋Šฅ์ด 96.2%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ตํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์ž๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด 35์† 79์ข… (87๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์žฌ์™€ ์†, ์ข… ๋ฐ ์ข…ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Apiaceae is a highly variable and taxonomically difficult family consisting of approximately 3,600 species, 450 genera. Most genera and species within the family show very complicated patterns of morphological variation. To elucidate the taxonomic identities and interspecific relationships of Korean taxa in this family, major morphological and anatomical characters and five chloroplast DNA sequences including matK, rbcL, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI and psbA-trnH were examined. Results from the comparative studies of morphological and anatomical characters reveal that the morphology of leaves, inflorescences, the number of bracts, shape and size of petals, shape of stylopodium, shape, structure and surface of fruits (shizocarp and mericarps), and number of vittae are useful in delimiting taxon boundaries in the family. Five chloroplast DNA sequences from 82 taxa representing 35 genera were examined to infer phylogenetic relationships among the taxa within the family. Every sequence data were analyzed both separately and combined. The tree obtained from neighbor-joining(NJ) analysis of the five chloroplast DNA sequences reveals that Korean Apiaceae is comprised of three subfamilies(Hydrocotyloideae, Saniculoideae and Apioideae). In the NJ tree, four tribes and four clades of subfamily Apioideae were recognized in Koreatribes Careae, Scandiceae (subtribes Scandicinae, Daucinae, Torilidinae), Bupleureae, Oenanthe, and clades Angelica, Apium, Heracleum, and Pimpinella. By analyzing the five cpDNA sequence, the DNA barcode of Apiaceae in Korea was developed. The degree of species resolution for individual barcode regions ranged from 55%(rbcL) to 82.5%(matK). The degree of species resolution was significantly enhanced in multiregion combinations of the five barcode regions. Of the 26 possible combinations of the five regions, a combination of the five cpDNA regions is the best option for barcoding of the Korean Apiaceae (96.2%). In addition, a taxonomic study of the Korean members of Apiaceae was conducted, and the descriptions of all the taxa and keys to the genera, species, and varieties are presented.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 II. ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 III. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 1. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 17 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 1) ๋น„๊ตํ˜•ํƒœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 2) DNA ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 18 3) ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 30 IV. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 31 1. ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ˜•ํƒœ 31 1) ์Šต์„ฑ 31 2) ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์œก์ง€ 31 3) ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ 33 4) ์ค„๊ธฐ 36 5) ์žŽ 39 6) ์—ฝ์ดˆ 45 7) ํ™”์„œ 47 (1)๋‹จ์‚ฐํ˜•ํ™”์„œ 48 (2)๋ณต์‚ฐํ˜•ํ™”์„œ 49 โ‘ ๋ณต์‚ฐํ˜•ํ™”์„œ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ 50 โ‘ก์ดํฌํŽธ 51 โ‘ข์†Œ์ดํฌํŽธ 54 โ‘ฃ์†Œ์‚ฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฐ์†Œํ™”๊ฒฝ 54 8) ๊ฝƒ 55 (1)์•…ํŽธ 57 (2)ํ™”ํŒ 58 (3)ํ™”์ฃผํŒ 61 (4)ํ™”์ฃผ 61 9) ์—ด๋งค 62 (1)๋ถ„์—ด๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ 64 (2)๋ถ„์—ด๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด 66 (3)1์ฐจ๋Š‘ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ๋Š‘์˜ํ˜•ํƒœ 67 2. ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์  ์œ ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ 70 1) ์—ฝ๋ก์ฒด DNA ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 70 (1)matK ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 70 (2)rbcL ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 71 (3)atpF-atpH ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 72 (4)psbK-psbI ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 73 (5)psbA-trnH ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ 74 2) ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์† ๋ฐ ์ข…๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์  ์œ ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ 76 (1)Subfam. Hydrocotyloideae(ํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด์•„๊ณผ)์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ์œ„์น˜ 76 (2)Subfam. Saniculoideae(์ฐธ๋ฐ˜๋””์•„๊ณผ)์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต 78 (3)Subfam. Apioideae(๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„๊ณผ)์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต 79 3. ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ DNA ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ 91 1) ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ  91 2) ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด 92 3) ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ DNA ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ์ข… ํŒ๋ณ„ ํ•ด์ƒ๋Šฅ 92 4. ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†(Peucedanum)์˜ 1 ์‹ ์ข… 96 V. ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 103 VI. ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 109 ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์˜ ์† ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ‘œ 110 1. Hydrocotyle(ํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด์†) 117 1) H. nepalensis(ํฐ์žŽํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด) 118 2) H. ramiflora(ํฐํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด) 120 3) H. maritima(์„ ํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด) 121 4) H. sibthorpidoides(ํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด) 124 5) H. yabei(์ œ์ฃผํ”ผ๋ง‰์ด) 128 2. Centella(๋ณ‘ํ’€์†) 130 1) C. asiatica(๋ณ‘ํ’€) 130 3. Sanicula(์ฐธ๋ฐ˜๋””์†) 133 1) S. tuberculata(์• ๊ธฐ์ฐธ๋ฐ˜๋””) 135 2) S. chinensis(์ฐธ๋ฐ˜๋””) 139 3) S. rubriflora(๋ถ‰์€์ฐธ๋ฐ˜๋””) 146 4. Anthriscus(์ „ํ˜ธ์†) 149 1) A. sylvestris 150 2) A. caucalis(์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ „ํ˜ธ) 158 5. Osmorhiza(๊ธด์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž์†) 160 1) O. aristata(๊ธด์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž) 162 6. Sphallerocarpus(๋ฌด์‚ฐ์ƒ์ž์†) 167 1) S. gracilis(๋ฌด์‚ฐ์ƒ์ž) 168 7. Daucus(๋‹น๊ทผ์†) 169 1) D. carota 171 8. Torilis(์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž์†) 179 1) T. japonica(์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž) 180 2) T. scabra(ํฐ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž) 187 9. Coriandrum(๊ณ ์ˆ˜์†) 189 1) C. sativum(๊ณ ์ˆ˜) 190 10. Pleurospermum(์™œ์šฐ์‚ฐํ’€์†) 193 1) P. uralense(์™œ์šฐ์‚ฐํ’€) 194 11. Aegopodium(์™œ๋ฐฉํ’์†) 197 1) A. alpestre(์™œ๋ฐฉํ’) 198 12. Bupleurum(์‹œํ˜ธ์†) 203 1) B. scorzonerifolium(์ฐธ์‹œํ˜ธ) 205 2) B. komarovianum(์‹œํ˜ธ) 208 3) B. longiradiatum 210 4) B. euphorbioides(๋“ฑ๋Œ€์‹œํ˜ธ) 218 5) B. latissimum(์„ฌ์‹œํ˜ธ) 223 13. Carlesia(๋Œ๋ฐฉํ’์†) 226 1) C. sinensis(๋Œ๋ฐฉํ’) 227 14. Cicuta(๋…๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์†) 230 1) C. virosa 231 15. Cnidium(์ฒœ๊ถ์†) 235 1) C. japonicum(๊ฐฏ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž์†) 237 2) C. dauricum(์‚ฌ๋™๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์†) 239 3) C. monnieri(๋ฒŒ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž์†) 241 4) C. officinale(์ฒœ๊ถ) 245 16. Conioselinum(์‚ฐ์ฒœ๊ถ์†) 247 1) C. tenuissimum(๊ณ ๋ณธ) 248 2) C. chinense(์‚ฐ์ฒœ๊ถ) 251 17. Cryptotaenia(ํŒŒ๋“œ๋“๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 255 1) C. japonica(ํŒŒ๋“œ๋“๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 256 18. Foeniculum(ํšŒํ–ฅ์†) 259 1) F. vulgare(ํšŒํ–ฅ) 260 19. Cyclospermum(์†”์žŽ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์†) 264 1) C. leptophyllum(์†”์žŽ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ) 265 20. Dystaenia(์„ฌ๋ฐ”๋””์†) 269 1) D. takesimana(์„ฌ๋ฐ”๋””) 270 21. Saposhnikovia(๋ฐฉํ’์†) 273 1) S. divaricata(๋ฐฉํ’) 275 22. Ligusticum(๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‹น๊ท€์†) 278 1) L. hultenii(๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‹น๊ท€) 279 2) L. tachiroei(๊ฐœํšŒํ–ฅ) 284 3) L. tsusimense(๋Œ€๋งˆ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 291 23. Oenanthe(๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์†) 293 1) O. javanica(๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ) 294 24. Pimpinella(์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 301 1) P. brachycarpa 303 2) P. komarovii(๋…ธ๋ฃจ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 313 3) P. hallaisanensis(ํ•œ๋ผ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 314 4) P. koreana(๊ฐ€๋Š”์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 318 5) P. calycina(ํฐ์‚ฐ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 320 25. Pternopetalum(๋ฐ˜๋””๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์†) 324 1) P. tanakae(๋ฐ˜๋””๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ) 325 26. Pterygopleurum(์„œ์šธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 328 1) P. neurophyllum(์„œ์šธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 330 27. Libanotis(ํ„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 331 1) L. seseloides(๊ฐ€๋Š”์žŽ๋ฐฉํ’) 333 2) L. coreana(ํ„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 335 28. Sium(๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 339 1) S. suave(๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 342 2) S. ninsi(๊ฐ์ž๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 344 3) S. ternifolium(์„ธ์žŽ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 347 29. Angelica(๋‹น๊ท€์†) 349 1) A. cartilaginomarginata(์ฒ˜๋…€๋ฐ”๋””) 352 2) A. acutiloba(์™œ๋‹น๊ท€) 356 3) A. czernaevia(์ž”์žŽ๋ฐ”๋””) 358 4) A. genuflexa(์™œ์ฒœ๊ถ) 362 5) A. polymorpha(๊ถ๊ถ์ด) 364 6) A. japonica(๊ฐฏ๊ฐ•ํ™œ) 372 7) A. dahurica(๊ตฌ๋ฆฟ๋Œ€) 374 8) A. anomala(๊ฐฏ๊ตฌ๋ฆฟ๋Œ€) 378 9) A. gigas(๋‹น๊ท€) 381 10) A. decursiva(๋ฐ”๋””๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 384 11) A. amurensis(์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ•ํ™œ) 388 12) A. reflexa(๊ฐ•ํ™œ) 391 30. Ostericum(๋ฌ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์†) 394 1) O. maximowiczii(๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ”๋””) 396 2) O. grosseserratum(์‹ ๊ฐ์ฑ„) 400 3) O. sieboldii(๋ฌ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ) 404 31. Halosciastrum(ํฐ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 408 1) H. melanotilingia(ํฐ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 409 32. Glehnia(๊ฐฏ๋ฐฉํ’์†) 413 1) G. littoralis(๊ฐฏ๋ฐฉํ’) 414 33. Peucedanum(๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 418 1) P. hakuunense(๋ฐฑ์šด๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 420 2) P. coreanum(๋‘๋ฉ”๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 422 3) P. paishanense(๋‘๋ฉ”๋ฐฉํ’) 426 4) P. elegans(๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 430 5) P. terebinthaceum 434 6) P. japonicum(๊ฐฏ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 440 7) P. litorale(์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 443 34. Sillaphyton(๋•์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ์†) 445 1) S. podagraria(๋•์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋‚˜๋ฌผ) 447 35. Heracleum(์–ด์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์†) 451 1) H. moellendorffii 452 VII. ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 460 VIII. ๋ถ€๋ก 482 Appendix 1. Aligned sequences of cpDNA rbcL region from Korean Apiaceae 483 Appendix 2. Aligned sequences of cpDNA matK region from Korean Apiaceae 499 Appendix 3. Aligned sequences of cpDNA atpF-atpH region from Korean Apiaceae 519 Appendix 4. Aligned sequences of cpDNA psbK-psbI region from Korean Apiaceae 537 Appendix 5. Aligned sequences of cpDNA psbA-trnH region from Korean Apiaceae 553Docto

    The Recursive dimension formula for graded lie algebras and its applications

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Maste
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