(The) effect of common bile duct ligation on liver morphology and copper metabolism in rat

의학과/박사[한글] 구리는 생체에 필수적인 금속의 하나로서 정상인에서는 섬세한 조절기전에 의하여 부족도 과다축적도 일어나지 않으며, 간은 이러한 조절기능의 주요 부분을 담당한다. 흡수 후 간으로 이동된 구리는 간세포에서 sulfhydry기를 함유한 구리결합 단백인 metallothione in 및 L-6-U와 결합하여 세포액에 저장되거나, apoceruloplasmin과 결합하여 ceruloplasmin상태로서 혈중으로 배설되는 기전과. 담즘과 함께 담관-담도를 통하여 배설되는 기전에 의하여 균형을 유지한다. 그러므로 Wilson병에서 추정되는 것과 같은 리소솜결함이나 담관-담도의 기질적인 폐쇄시에는 담즙을 통한 구리 배설의 결함으로 간에 과다한 구리축적이 초래되어 간손상이 유발될 것으로 기대된다. 이에 저자는 흰쥐의 총수담관을 결찰하고 42일동안 0.5% 황산구리용액을 복강내로 줄사하면서 혈중 구리농도, 간의구리함량, 간조직내 구리 및 구리결합 단백의 분포양상을 조사하고, 총수담관 결찰만 시행한군 및 구리단독 투여군과 비교하여 장기간의 총수담관 결찰이 구리대사에 미치는 영향을 규명코자 한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 총수담관을 결찰하면 소담관이 중식하여 문맥역을 확장시귀고 간소엽내로 침습하여 간소엽이 작게 나뉘어졌으나 신생소담관의 지지에 필요한 이상의 섬유화는 초래되지 않았다. 2. 구리단독 투여와 총수담관 결찰 후 투여에 의하여 혈중 구리와 간조직내 구리함량이 증가하였으며, 특히 결찰후투여군에서 훨씬 더 증가하였다. 3. 구리자체에 의한 간세포거사는 전 실험기간동안 초래되지 않았다. 4. 간세포내 구리결합 단백은 구리가 존재할 때에만 관찰되었다. 5. 간조직내 구리분포에 있어서 총수담관 결찰군에서는 구리와 구리결합 단백이 문맥역 주변 간세포에 침착한 반면 구리단독 투여군에서는 주로 중심정맥 주변 간세포에 침착하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 총수담관 결찰만으로는 간 경화중이 초래되지 않으며, 구리의 추가투여는 간내 구리함량의 증가외에는 총수담관 결찰로 인한 변화에 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않는 반면 총수담관 결찰은 간조직 내 구리의 분포에 뚜렷한 차이를 보인 것으로 보아 구리대사에 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되었다. [영문] Copper is one of the essential trace elements in human and the liver plays a major role in its regulatory mechanism. But it is well known that excess copper is toxic to human liver. After uptaken by hepatocytes, Copper is stored within the cytosol as complexes with the thiol rich copper binding proteins, incorporated in the synthesis of copper-containing enzymes, or excreted into the plasma as ceruloplasmin or into the bile through lysosomal dissociation. Biliary excretion could be compromised by obliteration of the biliary tract or a certain lysosomal defect which renders the copperinpertinent to be excreted as suggested in Wilson's disease. Then the author attempted to clarify the effect of biliary obliteration on copper metabolism of rat liver and on the hepatic morphology. After ligating the common bile duct (CBD) of Sprague-Dawley rats, 0.5% cupric sulfate was administered intraperitoneally for 42 days. The blood copper concentration, the hepatic copper content and the accumulation patterns of copper and copper binding protein in the liver were examined, and compared with these of the smple CBD ligation group and the simple copper overloaded group. The results were as follows: 1. CBD ligation induced marked proliferation of bile ductular structures which, after expanding the portal tracts, invaded and divided the hepatic lobules. There was, however, no excess fibrosis beyond what needed to support the new ductules. 2. The blood copper concentration and the hepatic copper content were increased by copper overload with or without CBD ligation, particularly in cases with CBD ligation. 3. Liver cell necrosis did not occur by the overloaded copper alone in rat. 4. Thiol rich copper binding proteins were found only when there was stainable copper in the liver. 5. In the group of copper overload after CBD ligation, the hepatic copper and copper binding protein were accumulated at periportal fiver cells, whereas they began to appear at perivenular hepatocytes in the simple copper overloaded group. In conclusion, it is suggested that CBD ligation does net induce excess fibrosis or liver cirrhosis in rat, but affect significantly on copper metabolism by intrahepatic redistribution of the copper and the copper binding proteins.restrictio

조선후기 여성의 呈訴活動

In this article, the petition presentation by the females during the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty is examined through age-old documents. Results of the examination show that, due to the social environment of the time which was dominated by the Neo-Confucian ideology and related customs, there were not so many cases in which females presented petitions and appeals, and the ratio between males and females varied considerably among various social classes. First, in filing an appeal(所志), females from the Scholar-official Houses referred to themselves by first writing their husbands' ranks and occupations, followed by the husbands' names, then the letter 'Cheo/妻', then their own last names, and finally the letter Shi/氏. In essence, they identified themselves in terms of their marital relationships with their husbands. On the other hand, females from the lower social classes referred to themselves by only writing their own last names and a title called 'Sosa/ 召史', presenting information directly regarding themselves. In terms of ratio between social classes and the frequency of petition presentations, females from the Scholar-official Houses seem like they were considerably less encouraged to file an appeal or present a petition, and only widows showed a relatively high percentage of petition presentation. On the other hand, females from lower classes were highly active in presenting petitions, and in many cases they either appealed for the welfare of their husbands(who were in trouble) or for other reasons that not involved their husbands. The contents of the appeals and petitions also varied, depending on the presenter's social status. Females from the Scholar-official Houses appealed for matters involving establishing successors(立後) or for lawsuits involving the Houses' burial mountains(山訟), which were deemed adequate in terms of adhering to the Neo-Confucian order of the society. On the other hand, females from lower classes appealed for matters that usually happened everyday on a regular bases, such as matters involving taxation(賦稅, lawsuits(訴訟), imprisonment(獄訟) and social customs(風俗). The Joseon society in its latter half period was a society dominated by Neo-Confucian philosophy, but the power and influence of that philosophy varied due to differences among social classes. In order to account for such various appearances of the philosophical and ideological influences, and achieve understanding of the Joseon dynasty in its latter half period, we shall examine the various aspects of the people's lives and all their social status

17세기말 향촌 사대부의 생활과 여행: 해남윤씨 윤이후의『지암일기』를 중심으로

This essay microscopically studies the country life of scholar-official in Joseon dynasty, based on the tour records in 『Jiams Diary』 which Yun ihu wrote. He resigned from present governor of Hampyeong and returned to his hometown, Yeongam in 1692. He lived in the country for about 8 year till his death. In that period, he took a journey 111 times for 755 days. In other words, he went on a tour 14.8 times for 100 days every year. While he took a journey mainly for Confucian rituals, preservation of tomb-mountain, and family matters such as economic activity, human network and recreation activities such as visiting acquaintances, leisure, and sight seeing were latterly activated. The active economic activity is especially noticeable, like a frequent journey to Juk Island and Sokgum Island for dam and reclamation project. The journey for visiting acquaintances is concentrated in visiting exiles. It is based on the geographical characteristics of Haenam and the political coloring of Haenam Yun family. For sight seeing and leisure, he mostly took a trip to temples around Haenam, Gangjin, and Yeongam, and it was usually accompanied by relatives, and followed by family gathering. Thus, the recreation trip performed a role of strengthening family bond. What was stated above shows dynamic aspect, which is very different from still life that is associated with old-retired scholar-official. Therefore, this contributes a lot understanding the real life of scholar-official in Joseon Dynasty

The Significance of Deungjang (等狀) in Filing Joint Petition and Drawing Collective Consensus

이 논문은 규장각한국학연구원에 소장된 等狀 1,125건을 대상으로 조선후기 연명정소 활동의 실태와 공론 형성의 특성을 분석한 글이다. 등장 은 2인 이상이 연명으로 정소하는 문서로 1인 정소와는 달리 다수의 관련인 들이 의견을 결집하고 단체 행동을 한 결과물이었다. 연명 정소는 18세기 후 반 이후 활성화하며 사회적 추세를 형성하였는데, 조선후기 대표적인 사회 문제에 해당하는 산송, 토지, 부세 문제를 중심으로 전개되었고 50인 이상의 대규모 정소에서는 특히 정려․증직 관련 활동이 두드러지는 현상을 보였다. 연명 정소는 친족집단인 족인 및 문중, 서원․향교를 중심으로 한 유생, 그리 고 향촌공동체의 民人 등 세 사회집단이 주도하면서 각각 문중 공론, 유생 공론, 향촌 공론을 형성하였다. 족인들은 爲先事業을 중심으로 문중 차원에서 문중 공 론을 형성하고 대규모 정소활동을 전개하였다. 유생들은 정려․증직 등 성리학 적 사회질서의 유지와 연관된 문제를 중심으로 군현 단위의 공론을 형성하며 중대규모의 정소활동을 전개하였다. 민인들은 조선후기 최대의 시대적 과제였 던 부세 문제를 중심으로 촌락 단위에서 중소규모의 향촌 공론을 형성하였다. 이 와 같은 정소활동과 공론 형성의 특성은 조선후기 사회경제적 변동 속에서 각 사 회집단들이 당면한 사회문제와 갈등을 해결하기 위한 노력의 결과물이었다.이 논문은 2008년 정부(교육과학기술부)의 재원으로 한국학술진흥재단의 지원을 받아 수행 된 연구임(KRF-2008-332-A00012

(The) efficacy of internet-based obesity teaching program for workers and the quality evaluation of an obesity-related web site : 웹뷔페 사

건강증진교육학과/석사[한글]본 연구의 목적은 사이트의 질 평가와 체중조절의 효과 및 식사습관의 변화를 연구하고, 웹뷔페 사이트의 건강정보의 질을 향상시켜 소비자들이 양질의 정보를 제공 받도록 하며, 나아가 영양관련 웹사이트 평가에 대한 기초 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 웹뷔페 사이트를 일반소비자 37명과 영양전문가 43명에게 사이트의 질 평가와 주관적 만족도 평가를 실시하고, 일반소비자에게 한 달 동안 사이트를 체험하도록 한 후 체중조절 효과와 식습관의 변화가 있는지 알아보았다. 웹뷔페 사이트를 체험하여 신체계측에 사전과 사후 모두 응한 대상자는 36명, 식사습관의 설문 입력에 응한 대상자는 16명이었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사이트의 질 평가는 사이트의 내용(contents), 사이트의 기능성, 디자인, 화면 구성, 읽기 쉬운 정도/글의 스타일, 학습체험, 유형 스타일, 색깔 사용, 사진/그림/기호 총 9개 영역으로 평가하였는데 각 항목의 특성에 따라 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 사이트의 주관적인 만족도는 전체 평균 50점 이상으로 보통 수준이었지만 소비자 집단에서 57점으로 전문가 집단의 51점보다 만족도가 높았다. 셋째, 소비자에게 웹뷔페 사이트를 체험하고 난 후 체중 조절의 변화는 체중, 체질량 지수, 허리둘레, 복부지방율에서 유의적인 감소를 보였고, 식사습관의 변화도 규칙적인 식습관, 지방섭취, 염분섭취, 간식 섭취에서 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 웹뷔페 사이트가 영양개선 측면에서는 효과가 있음 을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 의의가 있다. 첫째, 영양교육 웹사이트에 대한 질 평가와 만족도에 대한 영양전문가와 소비자의 양 측면에서 동시에 분석한 유일한 연구이다. 둘째, 사이트 질 평가 기준에서 영양교육 사이트에 대한 평가 도구의 사용을 국내에 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 우리나라의 영양교육 관련 웹사이트의 증가와 소비자들의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 영양교육 웹사이트를 소비자 입장에서도 평가할 수 있는 도구의 개발과 소비자들에게 양질의 웹사이트를 선택하도록 교육하고 계몽하는 프로그램도 필요할 것으로 사료된다. [영문]This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of an obesity-related web site, to research on the efficacy of weight control and eating habits, to give consumers good health information, and furthermore to present the basic information on evaluating nutrition-related web sites. 37 consumers and 43 nutritionists were selected to evaluate the quality of an obesity-related web site and the subjective satisfaction. we made consumers use the web site for a month, and then analyze the efficacy of weight control and the change of eating habits. 36 consumers were joined in physical exam both before and after the use of the web site, and 16 consumers were joined in the survey of eating habits. The main findings are summarized as follows; 1. The results showed that there were significant differences in the score of quality evaluation by 10 categories such as site contents, site functionality, design, layout, readability/writing style, learning experience, type style, use of color, photos/illustrations/symbols. 2. The overall mean score of subjective satisfaction was over 50, and consumer group had significantly higher score than nutritionist group. 3. After consumers used the web site, their weight, BMI, girth, waist-hip ratio were significantly lower than before. Eating habits were better than before as well. So we found that webbuffet site was effective in terms of nutrition improvement. This study was the only one about the quality evaluation of web site and subjective satisfaction both by nutritionists and consumers, and introduced an evaluation tool for nutrition-related web sites in Korea. In conclusion, for assuring the good quality of health information, internet web sites should be evaluated and monitored continually by professionals and consumers. In addition, effective evaluation tools and teaching programs for consumers to choose good health information should be developed urgently.ope

결송립안과 소송 현장, 그리고 노비의 삶

This article focuses on the reality of the caste system in the Chosŏn dynasty period by examining two litigation cases at Kyurye Hyŏn(1707) and Andong Pu(1722). The litigations processes were centered upon the (counter-)arguments made by plaintiffs and defendants, and the documentary evidences they produced respectively. Also, the officials in the charge of the lawsuits did their juridical judgements based upon the claims of those concerned and their evidential documents. For an example, Kim Pokryŏm, the plaintiff of the litigation at Andong Pu lost in the lawsuit filed by his nobis descendant because he neither presented himself at the court of lawsuit nor submitted to the court evidential documents supporting his arguments as he recountered. This example shows us that in the official court where private individuals legally struggled for their interests, the caste system did not work even if they differed from each other in their caste. It suggests to us that there was a space and time in which caste system did not work in the Chosŏn dynasty period. That is, it was not that the caste system always worked at any time and at any place contrary to our usual imaginations of the caste system in the Chosŏn dynasty period. Also, Kyŏlsong iban exposes to our sight Nobis real lives greatly different from our established images. Chŏng Ŭng-chŏng(?-1653) and Chongbok(circa 1634) were nobis who lived their lives at Kurye, Chŏlla province and Andong, Kyŏngsang province respectively in the early and mid 17th century. They, inheriting farmland from their ancestors and purchasing land from others, attained economically the rank of small landlord and socially of nobi owners. Even though they remained subordinate to their individual owners in terms of their caste as nobis, they, based upon their own riches and other socio-economic potentials, lived their affluent ordinary lives in other fields than in their relations with their owners. Then, the question arises to what extent the caste system and their caste as nobis wielded its power upon their other ordinary lives than their lives with their individual owners. The established literature concerned tend to explain nobis economic riches in terms of their rise of social status brought about against the historical background of the dissolution of rigid caste system as was argued to be in the late of Chosŏn dynasty. Given this, Chŏng Ŭng-chŏngs and Chongboks lives draw our attention in that they lived their wealthy lives in the middle of Chosŏn dynasty not in the late of the dynasty. Their lives together with the litigations examined in the above put our established history writing on the caste system of Chosŏn dynasty into the question: Did the caste system wield its overall power upon all aspects of all the individuals lives in the Chosŏn dynasty period

(the) effects of subgingival curettage on gingival inflammatory cell distribution of human chronic periodontitis

치의학과/석사[한글] 저자는 치은 연하 소파술이 만성 치주염 환자 치은의 염증 세포 분포에 미치는 영향을관찰하기 위하여 10명의 만성 치주염 환자를 선택하여 대조군으로 치은 연하 소파술을 시행하기 전과 실험군으로 치은 연하 소파술을 시행한 7일 후에 각 군의 치주 조직을 생검하여 상피 직하부 및 결체 조직을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 임파구는 대조군에서 보다 실험군에서 상피직하부는 12%, 결체 조직은 9.8% 증가함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 2. 형질세포는 대조군에서 보다 실험군에서 상피 직하부는 12% 결체 조직은 8.6% 감소됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 거대세포는 대조군에서 보다 실험군에서 미미하게 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 섬유아세포는 대조군에서 보다 실험군에서 상피 직하부는 13.2%, 결체조직은 18.1%의 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. [영문] The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of subgingival curettage on gingival inflammatory cell distribution of human chronic periodontitis. Ten adult patients with chronic periodontitis were served prior to subgingival curettage as controls and after 7 days following subgingival curettage as experimentals. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the intendental gingiva of each subject. Each biopsy specimen was placed into 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Count was made at a magnification of 400. The results are as follows; 1. The lymphocytes were increased in the experimental group compared with the control group; the rate of increase is 12% in connective tissue subjacent to the epithelium and 9.8% in central connective tissue. 2. The plasma cells were decreased in experimental group compared with the control group; the rate of decrease is 12% in connective tissue subjacent to the epithelium and 9.6% in central connective tissue. 3. The macrophages were slightly decreased in experimental group compared with the control group. 4. The fibroblasts were increased in experimental group compared with the control group; the rate of increase is 13.2% in connective tissue subjacent to the epithelium and 18.1% in central connective tissue.restrictio

Yŏngwŏl Sin Family’s Old Documents and Legal Activities of Female Members of Official-Literati Family in 17th and early 18th Century Korea

본 연구는 17-18세기초 영월신씨(寧越辛氏) 집안의 3대에 걸친 여성들의 청원・소송 활동의 특성을 검토하고, 신정수(辛鼎受) 처 서산유씨(瑞山柳 氏)의 사례를 중심으로 조선후기 사대부가 여성의 법적 행위와 의사 표현 방식을 검토하였다. 신정수 처 유씨는 사대부가의 여성들이 선호한 노비를 통한 대소(代訴)・대송(代訟)뿐만 아니라 자신의 이름으로 친소(親訴)・친송(親訟) 활동을 적극 추진하였다. 남편의 족인 신성중과의 산송, 노비 추쇄 를 위한 상언・격쟁 추진, 입후 청원 등 가호 보존, 가계 계승 및 재산권 수호에 이르기까지 다방면에 걸쳐 전개되었다. 유씨의 친소・친송 활동에서 나타나는 특성은 첫째, 사대부가 여성으로서 유씨는 조선시대 법 규정에 근거하여 친소・친송의 법적 권한이 보장되어 있었고, 이러한 법적 권리를 행사하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 특히 노비 를 통한 대소・대송이 가능한 상황이었음에도 친소・친송을 추진한 것은 선택의 결과로 이해된다. 둘째, 유씨는 법적 권리를 행사하면서도, 당시 사회적 규범 하에 사대부가의 여성이 이해를 다투는 법적 공간에 나가는 것은 일상적이지 않은 상황에서 직접 청원・소송 활동을 할 수밖에 없는 불가피한 상황임을 계속 강조하고 설득하는 모습을 보여 주었다. 셋째, 그럼에도 불구하고 유씨는 자신의 행위와 사고를 규제하는 사회적 규범과 명분을 자 신의 소송 명분으로 적극 활용하며 원고로서의 법적 권한을 실현하고 설득력과 호소력을 높이는 장치로 활용하는 주체적인 모습을 보여주고 있다.N