15 research outputs found

    MgAl2O4์˜ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ค‘ LiF ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. Shinhoo Kang.Due to the excellent mechanical properties and high transparency from near-UV to mid-IR (190<ฮป<6000nm), MgAl2O4 has been used for optical engineering applications, such as armored window systems, high energy laser windows and lightweight armor. In order to fabricate high quality transparent ceramics, high quality starting powder is necessary. So we focused on the combustion synthesis method which has recently drawn the attention of researchers due to multiply advantages. But the combustion synthesis method still have some disadvantages need to be overcome. Based on the mechanism of spinel formation, we decided to introduce some additive to improve this method. After calculation, the promising of LiF additive was certified. With different amount of LiF, combustion synthesis of MgAl2O4 (MAS) was investigated in relation to the synthesis conditions, powder properties, thermodynamic aspects and sinterability. Using citric acid as a single fuel, only hard-agglomeration MAS was obtained with high carbon contamination and poor sinterability which cannot be used as transparent ceramic raw materials. However, by introducing LiF, good property MAS powder can be synthesized. This is because LiF can effectively reduce the formation energy of MAS, remove the residue carbon, reduce agglomeration degree and promote the crystal growth during the combustion reaction. Through 2-steps calcination, the as-obtain high purity powders have been consolidated into transparent ceramics (T=81.0%) by SPS at T=1200โ„ƒ for 20min holding under P=80MPaChapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Study Background 1 1.2. Synthesis of MgAl2O4 Powders 4 1.3. LiF Additive 7 1.3.1. Sintering Additive 7 1.3.2. Synthesis additive 7 1.4. Objective of the Study 10 Chapter 2. Experimental Methods 11 2.1. Sample Preparation 11 2.2. Characterization Methods 14 Chapter 3. Results and Discussion 15 3.1. Powder Synthesis 15 3.1.1 Reaction Equation & Thermodynamic Aspects 15 3.1.2. TGA DSC 17 3.2. Material characterization of as obtained MgAl2O4 22 3.2.1. Particle Morphology 22 3.2.2. Different Additives 25 3.2.3. Impurity 27 3.2.4. 2 steps calcination 30 3.3. Sintering 35 3.3.1. Air Sintering 35 3.3.2. SPS 37 Chapter 4. Conclusions 39 Reference 40 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 42 Acknowledgement 43Maste

    ์œ ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฐ•์Šค์˜ ์ง„๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €๊ฐ€ํ˜• ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ์œค๋ณ‘๋™.A gearbox is one of the critical components in rotating machinery. Timely prediction of gearbox faults become of great importance to minimizing unscheduled machine downtime. Most of gearbox diagnosis studies are focused on the development of gearbox diagnosis algorithms using costly vibration sensors. However, vibration sensor cost matters in some applications, thus pushing to the use of a low-cost accelerometer, such as a knock sensor. This study uses a planetary gearbox with a knock sensor, known to be cheap and good for application (i.e., diesel engines) to detect high frequency. This study develops a quantitative sensor evaluation process for fault diagnosis. The performance of the sensor is evaluated in terms of vibration performance and fault diagnosis performance. Vibration performance evaluates the sensor's noise level through an experiment using an electro-dynamic transducer. The fault diagnosis performance is evaluated by analyzing the vibration signal obtained from the faulty gear through gearbox feature engineering to check whether the fault has been separated or not. In this study, two ideas will be proposed. First, some quantitative metrics will be used to evaluate the performance of the sensor. The vibration performance of the knock sensor is comparatively evaluated with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The stable frequency range of the knock sensor for the fault diagnosis is defined based on the SNR value. From the point of view of the fault diagnosis evaluation, fault separation capability is carried out by probability of separation (PoS) and Fisher discriminant ratio (FDR). Second, a new application of the base signal of feature used for the fault diagnosis will be proposed. The filtered signal obtained by the alternative signal processing method(i.e., autoregressive-minimum entropy deconvolution (AR-MED) and spectral kurtosis (SK)) in the case of no tachometer is used as a difference signal. Analyze the frequency range and periodicity of the fault signal to determine the availability of the feature calculated with the newly applied differential signal. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensor evaluation process and metric: 1) one-stage planetary gearbox in a wind-turbine rig tester and 2) a swing reduction gear (two-stage planetary gearbox) in an excavator. It is concluded that a knock sensor can be used for the fault diagnosis of a gearbox.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Scope of Research 2 1.3 Structure of the Thesis 3 Chapter 2. Technical Background 4 2.1 Fault Diagnosis in a Planetary Gearbox 4 2.1.1 Vibration Characteristics of a Faulty Gearbox 4 2.1.2 Signal Processing Methods 6 2.1.3 Features for Fault Diagnosis 9 2.2 Overview of Sensor Selection 11 2.2.1 Specification of Accelerometer 12 2.2.2 Selection of a Knock Sensor 14 Chapter 3. Knock Sensor Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Vibration Measurement 17 3.1 Conventional Sensor Assessment Method 17 3.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 18 3.3 Method of Estimating the SNR 19 3.4 Results and Discussion 20 Chapter 4. Knock Sensor Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Fault Diagnosis 22 4.1 Review of Fault Diagnosis 22 4.1.1 Model-based Methods 22 4.1.2 Signal Processing Based Methods 23 4.1.3 Discussion 24 4.2 Fault Diagnosis using Two Types of Difference Signals 25 4.2.1 Definition of Difference Signal 25 4.2.2 Methodology for Estimation of the Difference Signal 26 4.3 Results and Discussion 28 4.3.1 Description of Experiments 28 4.3.2 Comparison of Fault Diagnosis using Signal Processing Results 33 4.3.3 Comparison of Diagnostic Performance using Quantitative Metrics 49 Chapter 5. Conclusions and Future Work 54 5.1 Conclusions and Contributions 54 5.2 Future Work 55 Bibliography 57 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 63Maste

    ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ• ์ถ”์ •

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ๊ตฌ์ธํšŒ.This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on married mothers domestic labor time, using data from the 5th to 8th wave(2014~2021) of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families(KLOWF). It also assessed the change in the gender gap of domestic labor time and determined which theory, either economic exchange theory or the doing gender theory, provides a better explanation for the division of domestic labor after the pandemic. To address these three research questions, Difference-in-Differences(DiD) analysis with marital status, gender, and female-breadwinner models was conducted. The key findings are as follows. First, care work hours of married mothers increased after the pandemic. To answer the first research question, What was the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the domestic labor hours for married mothers?, the DiD analysis with married mothers as the treatment group and unmarried women as the comparison group was conducted. The results suggest that married mothers experienced a larger increase in care work hours compared to unmarried women, but this was not the case for housework and domestic labor hours. Second, married mothers experienced a larger increase in housework, care work, and domestic labor hours compared to their husbands. To answer the second research question, What was the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap of domestic labor hours?, the DiD analysis with married mothers as the treatment group and their husbands as the comparison group was conducted. The results show that married mothers saw a greater rise in the amount of time spent on housework, care work, and domestic labor. That is, the COVID-19 has widened the gender gap in the domestic labor hours. Third, in families in which the wife earns more than their husband, both partners changes in care work and domestic labor hours were not significantly different, and wives housework hours increased more than their husbands. To address the third research question, Which theory, either economic exchange theory or doing gender theory, provides a better explanation for the division of domestic labor after COVID-19 pandemic?, the DiD analysis with married mothers earning more than their husbands as the treatment group and their husbands as the comparison group was conducted. The results suggest that breadwinning wives experienced a larger increase in housework hours than their husbands, while the partners changes in care work and domestic labor hours were not significantly different. It shows that gender norms had a greater influence on the division of domestic labor after the pandemic, than economic rationality. This study made several meaningful contributions to the existing literature. First, The study made a theoretical contribution by demonstrating that the level of defamiliarization in South Korea decreased after the pandemic, as the government shifted its responsibilities of domestic labor to women within families. It also discovered that the gender norms were more influential than economic rationality, in determining the division of domestic labor after the COVID-19. The study makes a methodological contribution by using the quasi-experimental DiD method to analyze KLOWF, which addressed limitations in data and analysis found in previous studies. One of the policy implications of the study is that the aggressive quarantine policies, such as kindergarten and school closure, prevented the spread of the disease but widened the gender gap within families. And given that the division of domestic labor is heavily influenced by gender norms, positive incentives are needed to encourage equal distribution of domestic labor hours. To overcome the ideal worker norm hindering fathers from participating in domestic labor and mothers from pursuing their career, consistent working hours regulation policies should be established to decrease the amount of working hours. The limitations of this study are as follows. The models in the analysis lack some labor market variables, as the sample included non-employed wives to address selection bias and enhance external validity. Also some variables from the economic exchange theory and the time availability theory were not included in the analysis since they would have absorbed the impact of COVID-19 in the DiD estimators. Accordingly, this hindered the identification of the pathways through which COVID-19 affected domestic labor hours.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2014๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2021๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ 5์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8์ฐจ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์กฑํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์  ๋” ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ˜ผ์ธ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ชจํ˜•, ์  ๋” ๋ชจํ˜•, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์†Œ๋“์ƒ์œ„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ๋ด„๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”๊ฐ€?๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธํ˜ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘” ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ๋ด„๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ, ๋Œ๋ด„๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘” ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ, ๋Œ๋ด„๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์˜ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋‚จํŽธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ๋ด„๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€, ์  ๋” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘” ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋‚จํŽธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋Œ๋ด„๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜๋กœ์„œ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋‹ดํ•˜๋˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‚ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํƒˆ๊ฐ€์กฑํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ดํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์  ๋” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ์ค€์‹คํ—˜์„ค๊ณ„์ธ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์กฑํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—„๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ์œ ์ž๋…€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€๋‹ด์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€์‹คํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์  ๋ฐฉ์—ญ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์–ต์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ • ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์  ๋” ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ ์‹ฌํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์น˜๋ €์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์  ๋” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™ ๋ถ„๋‹ด์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ๊ณต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์  ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ• ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ๋™ ๋ฌธํ™” ํƒˆํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์„ ํƒ ํŽธํ–ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ทจ์—… ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์ทจ์—… ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ถ„์„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ด€์ , ๊ฐ€์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์™„๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” 12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธ‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ 19 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 34 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 44 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์„ค์ • 47 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ˜ผ์ธ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ชจํ˜• 54 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์  ๋” ๋ชจํ˜• 67 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์†Œ๋“์ƒ์œ„๋ชจํ˜• 78 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  86 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 86 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 89 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 96 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 99์„

    Preparation and evaluation of mosapride matrix tablet for sustained release

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ๊น€๋Œ€๋•.๋ชจ์‚ฌํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋Š” ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€์šด๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ œ๋กœ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ์šด๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ, 5 mg์”ฉ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ์‘์ฆ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์†Œํ™”๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ์ฆ์ƒ(์†์“ฐ๋ฆผ, ๊ตฌ์—ญ, ๊ตฌํ† ) ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ๋ณต์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณต์•ฝ์ˆœ์‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณต์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ œํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณต์•ฝ์ˆœ์‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์ถœ ์–‘์ƒ์„ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„์— 33% ์ด์ƒ, 6์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์•ฝ 66%, 9์‹œ๊ฐ„์— 80% ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ์ •์ œ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” 311.19 mg, ๊ฒฝ๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 80 N์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋‹จ๋ฐœ ํƒ€์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ํƒ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆ„ 11 mm์˜ ์›ํ˜•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์šฉ์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ œ์˜ ์šฉ์ถœ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์šฉ์ถœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ HPLC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์„ฑ์€ ์ด์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์˜ ์šฉ์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ F17์—์„œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์ถœ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ์ถœ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, in vitro ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.Abstract I List of Tables IV List of Figures V 1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and Methods 6 2.1. Materials 6 2.2. Preparation of mosapride sustained-release tablets 6 2.3. In vitro dissolution test 8 2.4. HPLC analysis and validation 8 3. Results and Discussion 10 3.1. Preparation of mosapride sustained-release tablets 10 3.2. Validation of analytical methods 10 3.3. In vitro dissolution test of mosapride sustained-release tablets 11 4. Conclusion 14 References 16 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 42Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊น€๊ฒฝ๋ฏผ.์™œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ๊ฐ€? 2008๋…„ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์š”์ธ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ทธ ์š”์ธ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ธ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2007๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 25๊ฐœ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœํด๋ฆฌํƒ„ ์ง€์—ญ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค ์ธ๋ฒคํ† ๋ฆฌ(inventory)๋ฅผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„๋ชจ๋ธ์— ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋…„๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์šฉ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ(needs)๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ „๋…„๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๊ณ ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋…ธ๋™์ด๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์  ์‹ค์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค ์ธ๋ฒคํ† ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ์Œ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ  ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ •์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”, ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‹œ์žฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๋„ ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 1. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‹œ์žฅ๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 1) ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‹œ์žฅ๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ก  6 2) ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 8 (1) ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ(cycle) ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 8 (2) ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 9 2. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 11 1) ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์˜ 11 2) ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 12 (1) ์‚ฐ์—… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 (2) ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 14 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 15 โ…ข. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ • 16 1. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ • 16 1) ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 16 2) ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ • 18 (1) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ • 18 (2) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ • 18 2. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒจ๋„๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ • 24 1) ํŒจ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 24 2) ํŒจ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 25 3) ํŒจ๋„ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ ํƒ 26 4) ๋ชจํ˜•์‹ ์„ค์ • 28 โ…ฃ. ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ 29 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ณ€ํ™” 29 1) ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 29 2) ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์–‘์ƒ 30 2. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 1) ํŒจ๋„ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ • 37 2) ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 38 3) ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 41 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  45 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 45 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 47 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 49 ๋ถ€๋ก 55Maste

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    A Legal Study on Adaptation of the ISM Code to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)

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    Along with increasing connectivity over the globe, public awareness of safety has grown higher than ever in history. The maritime industry is not exempted from this. In conventional shipping, maritime safety management had merely focused on ships themselves as independent and isolated objects at sea. This approach has extended to a broader context by undergoing a series of accidents. Emphasis on the human elements and management systems have been developed to fill the void in maritime safety management. In the present time, the ISM Code plays a key role in this respect. The world is changing rapidly, and new technologies are being developed at an exponential speed. Such movement does also happen in shipping despite its well-known conservativeness. Unfortunately, the maritime regulatory scheme is often tardy in reacting to changes. The maritime industry and its safety management are facing the challenge of innovation at this point in time although the ISM Code has been implemented for two decades. This study aims in attempting to deal with this dilemma. In this thesis, the ISM Code is investigated in two phases, the present and the impending future. Firstly, this study examines the status quo of the ISM Code implementation in order to reflect on both the positive and negative effects that the Code has brought to the industry. The challenges are identified as highly relevant to the human factor and interlinked with each other. For this reason, continuous learning as the backbone of safety management may be influenced in a negative way. Secondly, with respect to autonomous ships, the matter of remote control of ships poses the main challenge in applying the ISM Code. In particular, the role of a shipmaster creates a gap relating to its remote operation. Moreover, additional elements to be considered for MASS operations such as a remote control centre and cybersecurity require development of regulations. The challenges need to be addressed in terms of operational and implementation issues for the sake of effective adaptation of the ISM Code to MASS. New roles are suggested to be introduced as a result of analysis on the responsibility and authority of the master as set out in the Code for different degrees of autonomy. On account of inherent challenges of the ISM Code implementation, mandating ESG reporting through the Code is envisaged to resolve the issue and will, in turn, contribute to safety in the maritime domain. Furthermore, this study confirms that the human element will remain at the centre of MASS operations, therefore the importance of the human factor consideration is highlighted. In this context, the proposals for incorporating ergonomics in the design and development of a remote control centre and engaging operational personnel with an SMS are outlined in pursuit of continuous improvement in safety management.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Section 1. Background and objectives 1 Section 2. Scope and methodology 7 Chapter 2. The framework of the ISM Code and its contributions to maritime safety 10 Section 1. The framework of the ISM Code 10 I. Background 10 II. Legislative basis 12 III. Concept 15 IV. Key players 19 Section 2. Assessment of the ISM Codeโ€™s contributions to maritime safety 25 I. Contributions of the ISM Code to maritime safety 25 II. Autonomous ships emerging as a game changer 27 Chapter 3. Present challenges of the ISM Code 33 Section 1. Inherent challenges 33 I. Formalism vs. Problem solving 33 II. Bureaucratization vs. Masterโ€™s function 35 III. A wide disparity between managers and seafarers 37 Section 2. Novel challenges 39 I. Master 40 II. Remote control centre 46 III. Cybersecurity 47 Chapter 4. Proposals for adaptation of the ISM Code to MASS 49 Section 1. Operational elements 49 I. Key players 49 II. Operation systems 61 Section 2. Improvement proposals 67 I. Policy proposal 67 II. Legislative proposal 69 Section 3. Summary 72 I. Safety management system for autonomous ships 72 II. The way forward 76 Chapter 5. Conclusion 78 Section 1. Summary 78 Section 2. Conclusion 80 References 83Maste

    Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Bowen Disease in Nail Apparatus

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    Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail apparatus is a rare phenomenon. Because of its indolent course and similarpresentation to other benign conditions, correct diagnosis in the early stages is practically difficult. We here reporttwo cases of periungual squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowens disease). Thesecases emphasize the importance of extra vigilance and high suspicion when facing intractable atypical lesions on thefingers. Repetitive biopsy with exploratory nail plate extraction should be considered to acquire appropriatespecimens, which is critical for early and correct diagnosis.N
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