19 research outputs found

    Therapeutic Strategies of Middle CerebralArteryM1 Trunk Aneur

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    Objective : This study was designed to define the clinical characteristics and to establish the therapeutic strategies for treating aneurysms located at the M1 trunk of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Methods : During the past 30 years from September 1976 to December 2006, 47 (6.2% of the 755 treated MCA aneurysms) consecutive patients with M1 aneurysms were treated at our institute. We retrospectively reviewed the database and imaging studies of these 47 patients for analysis. Nine patients (19.1%) were male and 38 (80.9%) patients were female. The mean age was 51.7 years (range: 381 years). Thirty-three (70.2%) patients had ruptured lesions: 3 patients were Hunt and Hess Grade I, 16 patients were Grade II, 7 patients-were Grade III, 4 patients were Grade IV and 3 patients were Grade V. Intracerebral hemorrhage was identified in 9 patients on the initial computed tomograph images. Fourteen patients had unruptured lesions. The diameters of the aneurysms were 25 mm in 2 patients. The mean diameter of the aneurysms was 5.1mm (range: 2.029.0mm). Eleven patients (23.4%) had multiple aneurysms. The repair methods for the aneurysms were microsurgery in 42 (89.4%) patients (clipping: 36, wrapping: 6, aneurysm resection and suture: 1) and coiling in 5 patients. The mean posttreatment follow up period was 45.5 months. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The therapeutic results of lesion repair, the long-term clinical outcome and the causes of an unfavorable outcome were also analyzed. Results : The overall outcome was favorable in 39 (82.9%) patients (excellent: 32, good: 7) and unfavorable in 8 (17.1%) (fair: 6, poor: 1, dead: 1) patients. The major causes of an unfavorable outcome were the initial insults. Seven patients suffered from a delayed ischemic deficit, and 3 of them were left with a permanent deficit. Surgery-related complications occurred in 8 patients (cerebral infarction: 6, intracerebral hemorrhage: 2) and 3 were left with a permanent deficit. The angiographic results of coiling were complete packing in 3 (60%), a neck remnant in 1 (20%) and incomplete packing for 1 (20%). There was no coiling-related complication. Conclusion : In our series, M1 aneurysms had characteristics of a female predominance, the patients more often presented with intracerebral hemorrhage, and a high risk of postoperative ischemic complication. Due to the small size, wide neck and location at the branching site, M1 aneurysms can be treated with surgery rather than coiling, but surgeons should be careful for injury of the branching vessels like the lateral lenticulostriate artery and they must be prepared for various inevitable situations that occur during surgery.ope

    Clinical Analysis of Patients with Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease

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    Objective : This study is to define the clinical characteristics and formulate the management strategies of the patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with polycystic kidney diseases (PKD). Methods : During the past 30 years, among of 3,013 patients who were treated with intracranial aneurysms, 7 patients had ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with PKD. The authors retrospectively reviewed the database and imaging studies of such patients as sources for identification and analysis. Results : All 7 patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). One patient showed Hunt and Hess grade I, 4 of grade II, and 2 of grade III. Six patients showed Fisher group II and 1 patient of group III. Four aneurysms were located at anterior cerebral artery, 2 at middle cerebral artery, and 1 at internal carotid artery. Five patients had small aneurysms and the remaining 2 had large (diameter β‰₯ 10 mm) aneurysms. All aneurysms were in saccular shape. Two of the 7 patients (28.6%) had multiple aneurysms. One patient suffered delayed ischemic neurological deficit. All patients were treated by microsurgery and showed favorable outcome (good : 7). Conclusions : The patients harboring PKD had high probability of hypertension. So, intact aneurysms in those patients were exposed to higher rate of being ruptured. Surgery was necessary for ruptured lesions, as well as unruptured lesions which size was increased at follow up imaging study. Multimodality management approach with nephrologist and neuroradiologist are very necessary. The ultimate management outcome was satisfactory.ope

    Endovascular coil embolization of aneurysms with a branch incorporated into the sac

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    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because of the concern for occlusion of the incorporated branch artery, an aneurysm with a branch incorporated into the sac has been regarded as a contraindication for coiling. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, techniques, and clinical and angiographic outcomes of coiling for aneurysms with a branch incorporated into the sac. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records and radiologic studies of 69 patients with 79 aneurysms having a branch incorporated into the sac (26 ruptured, 53 unruptured) were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated. RESULTS: Coiling was accomplished in 78 aneurysms in 68 patients but was suspended in 1 due to incorporated branch occlusion. The aneurysms were treated by using the following techniques: single-catheter (n = 37), multicatheter (n = 22), balloon-remodeling (n = 7), stent-assisted coiling (n = 6), and combined (n = 7). Postembolization angiography revealed the following: near-complete occlusion in 71 (89.8%), remnant neck in 4 (5.1%), and incomplete occlusion in 4 (5.1%) aneurysms. Procedure-related permanent morbidity and mortality rates were 5.8% (4/69) and 0%, respectively. All patients with unruptured aneurysms had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0, except for 1 patient who had an mRS score of 3. Of the 26 patients with ruptured aneurysms, 18 had favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) but 8 had poor outcome (mRS 3-6). Follow-up angiography was available at least once at 6-50 months (mean, 15 months) in 55 aneurysms (69.6%), of which 45 showed stable or improved occlusion; 4, minor recurrences; and 6, major recurrences. All 6 major recurrent aneurysms were retreated without complication by using a single-catheter (n = 1), multicatheter (n = 2), or balloon-assisted technique (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate techniques, most aneurysms with a branch incorporated into the sac could be safely treated by coiling, with acceptable outcomes.ope

    Analysis of repeat gamma knife radiosurgery for remnant arteriovenous malformation

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€]λͺ©μ  : κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μ‹œμˆ μ„ ν•œμ°¨λ‘€ μ‹œμˆ  ν›„ λΆˆμ™„μ „νμƒ‰λœ λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯ κΈ°ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν†΅μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μž¬μ‹œμˆ μ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμœΌλ‚˜ κ·Έ 결과에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석은 λ§Žμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μž¬μ‹œμˆ  이후 μž„μƒμ  κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ·Έ μΉ˜λ£Œνš¨κ³Όμ™€ 합병증을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λŒ€μƒ 및 방법 : 1992λ…„ 5μ›”λΆ€ν„° 2007λ…„ 3μ›”κΉŒμ§€ λ³Έμ›μ—μ„œ λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯ κΈ°ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μ‹œμˆ μ„ 받은 570λͺ… 쀑 동일병변에 2회 이상 κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μ‹œμˆ μ„ λ°›κ³  2번째 μ‹œμˆ  이후 μ΅œμ†Œν•œ ν•œμ°¨λ‘€ 이상 λ‡Œν˜ˆκ΄€ μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ΄λ‚˜ λ‡ŒμžκΈ°κ³΅λͺ…μ˜μƒμ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ 61λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™˜μžμ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ 인적사항, λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯κΈ°ν˜•μ˜ νŠΉμ§•, κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μ‹œμˆ κ³Ό κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯κΈ°ν˜•μ˜ 폐색은 λ‡Œν˜ˆκ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό : 61λͺ… ν™˜μžμ˜ λ‚˜μ΄λŠ” 평균 30.0μ„Έ(7-70)μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ‚¨μžλŠ” 34λͺ… (55.7%)이고 μ—¬μžλŠ” 27λͺ…(44.3%)μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μ‹œμˆ  ν›„ 61λͺ… 쀑 33λͺ…(54.1%)μ—μ„œ 완전폐색을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 생λͺ…ν‘œλ²•μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό μ΅œμ’… κΈ°λŒ€νμƒ‰μœ¨μ€ 66.9%μ˜€λ‹€. λ³‘λ³€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€μ§κ²½κ³Ό 용적이 μž‘μ„μˆ˜λ‘ 완전폐색 κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μ•˜μœΌλ©°, κ²½κ³„μ„ λŸ‰μ€ 클수둝 완전폐색 κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. Spetzler-Martin 등급은 등급이 λ†’μ„μˆ˜λ‘ λΆˆμ™„μ „μΉ˜λ£Œ κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 6λͺ…μ—μ„œ λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μ‹œμˆ  ν›„ 좔적기간 λ™μ•ˆ λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯κΈ°ν˜• 좜혈이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€κ³  3.5%의 μ—°κ°„ 좜혈 μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°λ‘  : λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯κΈ°ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μž¬μ‹œμˆ μ€ 첫번째 μ‹œμˆ κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 치료효과λ₯Ό 보이며, 완전폐색에 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μΈμžλ„ 첫번째 μ‹œμˆ  κ²½μš°μ™€ μœ μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž¬μ‹œμˆ  이후 합병증도 높지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. ν•œμ°¨λ‘€ κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ 이후 λΆˆμ™„μ „νμƒ‰λœ λ‡Œλ™μ •λ§₯κΈ°ν˜•μ— κ°λ§ˆλ‚˜μ΄ν”„ μž¬μ‹œμˆ μ„ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ μ ˆν•œ 치료둜 고렀될 수 μžˆλ‹€. [영문]There are many cases of treating gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) again for incompletely obliterated cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) after treating once before, but there are few analyses concerning its result. Therefore, this research is to analyze the clinical outcome of re-treatment of GKS to investigate into its efficacy and possible complications. This research selected 61 patients, who had received both GKS for AVM more than twice and additional cerebral angiography or brain MRI afterwards, among 570 patients who had received GKS for AVM in Severance Hospital from May of 1992 to March of 2007. Obliteration of AVM was determined by cerebral angiography. After receiving second GKS, 33 patients (54.1%) out of 61 were proved to have complete obliteration. According to the analysis result based on life table method, the cumulative complete occlusion rate was 66.9%. The possibility of complete obliteration was higher when maximum diameter and volume of the lesion was smaller or marginal dose was larger. According to Spetzler-Martin grade analysis, the patients were proved to have more incomplete obliteration when the grade was higher. 6 patients suffered bleeding after second treatment of GKS during investigation and it recorded 3.5% of presumed annual hemorrhagic rate. The effect of repeating GKS for AVM is proved to be similar to its initial treatment, and so were the factors affecting complete obliteration. Hence, repeating GKS for incomplete obliteration after its initial treatment can be considered as an appropriate treatment.ope

    Rent-Seeking and Renewable Energy Market Support Policies: The Case of Feed-in Tariffs and Renewable Portfolio Standards in Korea

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    μ‹ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ μ‹œμž₯ν™•λŒ€λŠ” ν™”μ„μ—°λ£Œμ˜ 고갈, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜¨λ‚œν™” 문제 λŒ€μ²˜, μ›μžλ ₯ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식 ν™•λŒ€ μ†μ—μ„œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ •μ±…λͺ©ν‘œμ΄λ‹€. μ‹ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ‹œμž₯ ν™•λŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ 정책이 λ°œμ „μ°¨μ•‘μ§€μ›μ œλ„μ™€ κ³΅κΈ‰μ˜λ¬΄ν™”μ œλ„μΈλ°, μ‹ μž¬μƒμ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ§€μ›μ •μ±…μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ •λΆ€μ˜ μΈμœ„μ μΈ μ‹œμž₯ κ°œμž…μ€ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•˜κ²Œ μ§€λŒ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•  수 있고, 또 μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰λœ λ°œμ „μ°¨μ•‘μ§€μ›μ œλ„μ™€ κ³΅κΈ‰μ˜λ¬΄ν™”μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ, μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ©”μΉ΄λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ„ 이둠적으둜 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  또 μ‹€μ œ μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ 사둀듀을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. λ°œμ „μ°¨μ•‘μ§€μ›μ œλ„μ—μ„œ μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬μ˜ μ£Ό λŒ€μƒμ€ κΈ°μ€€κ°€κ²©μ˜ 쑰정이며, κ³΅κΈ‰μ˜λ¬΄ν™”μ œλ„μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜κ°’μ˜ 쑰정이 μ£Ό λŒ€μƒμ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„ κΈ°μ€€κ°€κ²©μ˜ μ‘°μ •κ³Ό κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜κ°’μ˜ 쑰정을 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ ν–‰μœ„λŠ” μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ‹œμž₯κ°œμž… κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•œ 츑면이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€λŒ€μΆ”κ΅¬ν–‰μœ„λ‘œ μΈν•œ μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μ˜ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ •μ±… κ°œμ„  λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€

    A Study on Rotary Weeding Blade Installation Angle for Reduction of Hand Vibration in Working Type Cultivator

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ°”μ΄μ˜€μ‹œμŠ€ν…œΒ·μ†Œμž¬ν•™λΆ€(λ°”μ΄μ˜€μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™), 2014. 2. μ΄μ€‘μš©.λ‘œν„°λ¦¬μ‹ λ³΄ν–‰ν˜• μ œμ΄ˆκΈ°λŠ” ꡬ쑰가 λ‹¨μˆœν•˜μ—¬ 크기가 μž‘κ³  가볍기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ΅­λ‚΄ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 유기 λ°­μ—μ„œ μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό κ³ λ Ή λ…Έλ™μžκ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€. ν•˜ μ§€λ§Œ λ³΄ν–‰ν˜• μ œμ΄ˆκΈ°λŠ” μž‘μ—…μžκ°€ μ†μž‘μ΄λ₯Ό 작고 μž‘μ—…ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 반볡적인 진동에 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ μž‘μ—…μžμ˜ 건강에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€. 손 작이 진동은 μž‘μ—…λΆ€κ°€ ν† μ–‘κ³Ό μΆ©λŒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 제 μ΄ˆλ‚  μ„€μΉ˜ 각도에 따라 ν† μ–‘μ—μ„œ λ°›λŠ” 반λ ₯에 κ΄€ν•œ 이둠을 λ„μΆœν•˜κ³ , μ‹€ν—˜ 을 톡해 이λ₯Ό 증λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 제초 μ„±λŠ₯도 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ•žμ˜ 이 둠을 톡해 손 진동을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ μ„€μΉ˜ 각도λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ„ μ •ν•œ 제초기ꡬ의 νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°λŠ” 제초기의 전진속도, λ””μŠ€ν¬μ˜ νšŒμ „μ†λ„, λ””μŠ€ν¬ 반경, λͺ©ν‘œ 제초 깊이, 토양에 μ§„μž…ν•˜λŠ” μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ 길이, μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ μ„€μΉ˜ 각도 λ“± 6κ°€μ§€λ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ 폭은 κΈΈμ–΄μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ ν† μ–‘μœΌ λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ°›λŠ” 반λ ₯이 더 μ»€μ§€μ§€λ§Œ, μ΄λŠ” λ””μŠ€ν¬μ˜ κ°œμˆ˜μ™€ 전체 제초 μž‘μ—…ν­ κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°λ‘œ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. λ„μΆœν•œ 이둠 을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ§„λ™μ‹€ν—˜κ³Ό μ œμ΄ˆμ‹€ν—˜ λ“± 총 2회의 ν˜„μž₯ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜ μ˜€λ‹€. μ§„λ™μ‹€ν—˜μ€ ISO 5349:1에 따라 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 0, 4, 8°의 μ„€μΉ˜κ°λ„ λ₯Ό 가진 μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμ΄ˆμ‹€ν—˜μ€ λ†μ΄Œμ§„ν₯청의 동λ ₯ μ€‘κ²½μ œμ΄ˆκΈ° μ‹œν—˜ 방법 및 검사 기쀀에 μ€€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 동역학 ν•΄μ„ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ 톡해 제초기의 전진속도와 λ””μŠ€ν¬μ˜ νšŒμ „μ†λ„μ— 따라 μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ΄ 토양에 μΆ©λŒν•˜κ³ , ν† μ–‘ λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, ν† μ–‘ ν‘œλ©΄μ—μ„œ μ œμ΄ˆλ‚  μƒμ˜ 두 점 쀑 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 토양에 μ§„μž…ν•˜λŠ” 점 의 ꢀ적이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점의 ꢀ적보닀 제초기의 진행방ν–₯ μͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 경우, μ œμ΄ˆλ‚  등이 λ―Έκ²½ν† λ₯Ό 눌러 μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ΄ λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ 반λ ₯을 λ°›μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ κ³Ό λ””μŠ€ν¬ 쀑심이 연직을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μˆœκ°„λΆ€ν„° μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ΄ ν† μ–‘μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€ λŠ” μˆœκ°„κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ μ„€μΉ˜κ°λ„μ— 관계없이 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 토양에 μ§„μž…ν•˜μ˜€λ˜ 점의 ꢀ적은 경운 ν† μ–‘μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ œμ΄ˆλ‚  μ„€μΉ˜ 각도와 기타 νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ 상방ν–₯ 반λ ₯ λ°œμƒ μœ λ¬΄λŠ” 제 μ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ 선단과 μ΄ν›„μ˜ 점이 토양에 μ§„μž…ν•˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ— 따라 νŒλ‹¨μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ˜€ λ‹€. 두 μ§„μž…μ§€μ μ˜ 거리λ₯Ό X_MF 라 ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 이 값이 0보닀 μž‘μ€ 경우 반λ ₯ 이 λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€λŠ” 가섀을 μ„Έμ› λ‹€. X_MF λŠ” μ•žμ˜ μ—¬μ„― 개의 νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ§„λ™μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹œν—˜ κ΅¬λ³„λ‘œ ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‹œν—˜κ΅¬μ—μ„œμ˜ 제초기 속도와 μ œμ΄ˆλ‚  μ„€μΉ˜ 각도 등을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ X_MF λ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μΈ‘μ •ν•œ μ†μž‘μ΄μ˜ 주파수 가쀑 가속도와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. X_MF 의 λΆ€ν˜Έμ— 따라 두 그룹을 λ‚˜λˆ  T검정을 ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, 톡계적 차이가 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ (p<0.05), μˆ˜μ§€λ°±μ¦ λ°œλ³‘ 평균 진동 λ…ΈμΆœ 기간이 17.53% μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” ν˜„μž₯μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 μ•žμ—μ„œ λ„μΆœν•œ 가섀을 μˆ˜λ½ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ„€μΉ˜κ°λ„κ°€ 8°인 μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ 제초 μ‹€ν—˜ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ œμ΄ˆμœ¨μ€ 88.93%둜 λ†μ΄Œμ§„ν₯μ²­ 기쀀인 80%보닀 λ†’κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€ 났닀. μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ μ„€μΉ˜ κ°λ„λŠ” κ²½μš΄λ‚ μ˜ μ ˆμ‚­κ°κ³Ό 관련이 있으며, 각도가 크면 동 λ ₯ μ†Œλͺ¨κ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ§„λ‹€. λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ„€μΉ˜ 각도가 컀지면, λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ 상방ν–₯ 반λ ₯이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 컀진닀. λ”°λΌμ„œ 동λ ₯ μ†Œλͺ¨μ™€ 반λ ₯ λ°œμƒμ— κ΄€ν•œ 상 좩점을 찾고자 μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œ μ„€μΉ˜ 각도λ₯Ό 이둠식을 톡해 λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 졜 μ†Œ μ„€μΉ˜ κ°λ„λŠ” λ””μŠ€ν¬ 반경, 전진속도, λ””μŠ€ν¬ νšŒμ „μ†λ„μ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯΄λ©°, λ””μŠ€ν¬ 반경이 100 mm일 λ•Œ 4 ~ 27Β°, 150 mm 일 λ•Œ 3 ~ 15Β°, 200 mm 일 λ•Œ 2 ~ 10°인 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ„μΆœν•œ 이둠식을 톡해 μ—‘μ…€ 기반 계산 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 반λ ₯을 쀄이고 손 진동을 κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ μ„ μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 될 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.λͺ© μ°¨ 1. μ„œλ‘  1 2. λ¬Έν—Œμ‘°μ‚¬ 4 κ°€. 기계 제초의 κ°œμš”μ™€ ν˜„ν™© 4 λ‚˜. μœ κΈ°λ†μ—…μ—μ„œμ˜ 제초 μž‘μ—… 연ꡬ 8 λ‹€. μœ κΈ°λ†μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•œ λ°­ μ „μš© 제초기 연ꡬ 11 라. λ³΄ν–‰ν˜• κ΄€λ¦¬κΈ°μ˜ 손 진동에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 13 마. λ‘œν„°λ¦¬μ‹ κ²½μš΄λ‚ μ˜ ν˜•μƒ 연ꡬ 15 3. 재료 및 방법 18 κ°€. μ œμ΄ˆλ‚  섀계 νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„° 18 λ‚˜. 진동 μ‹€ν—˜ 21 1) μ œμ΄ˆλ‚ κ³Ό λ³΄ν–‰ν˜• 제초기 21 2) μ‹€ν—˜ μž₯μ†Œ 및 쑰건 23 3) μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 24 4) 진동 μΈ‘μ • μž₯λΉ„ 25 5) 진동 μΈ‘μ • 방법 및 데이터 μ²˜λ¦¬κ³Όμ • (ISO 5349:1) 27 6) 데이터 뢄석 30 λ‹€. 제초 μ„±λŠ₯ μ‹€ν—˜ 31 1) μ‹€ν—˜ μž₯λΉ„ 및 포μž₯ 정보 31 2) μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 32 4. κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° 33 κ°€. μ œμ΄ˆλ‚  섀계 λ°©μ•ˆ 33 λ‚˜. 진동 μ‹€ν—˜ 38 1) 진동 μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌ 38 2) X_MF 계산 40 3) X_MF와 a_hv 의 관계 43 4) D_y 비ꡐ 44 λ‹€. 제초 μ„±λŠ₯ μ‹€ν—˜ 45 라. μ΅œμ†Œ μ„€μΉ˜κ°λ„ μ œμ•ˆ 47 5. κ²°λ‘  50 6. μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 52Maste

    The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and its Impact on Nuclear Energy Policy in South Korea: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ •μ±…μ˜Ήν˜Έμ—°ν•©λͺ¨ν˜• (Advocacy Coalition Framework)을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆ 원전사고 이후 κ΅­λ‚΄ 원전 μ •μ±…μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 즉 ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆ μ›μ „μ‚¬κ³ λΌλŠ” 외뢀적 좩격이 원전 정책에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μ˜Ήν˜Έμ—°ν•© λ‚΄ μ£Όμš” κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ μ‹ λ…μ²΄κ³„μ˜ 변동을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ κ³ μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆ μ›μ „μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ μΈν•œ 원전 μ•ˆμ „μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ•ˆκ° μ¦λŒ€λŠ” μ›μ „λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ ꡭ민여둠을 ν™•λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 원전찬성연합과 μ›μ „λ°˜λŒ€μ—°ν•© μ£Όμš” κ΅¬μ„±μ›λ“€μ˜ 신념체계에 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. 지배연합인 μ›μ „μ°¬μ„±μ—°ν•©μ˜ 경우, μ—°ν•©μ˜ 결속λ ₯이 μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λŠμŠ¨ν•΄μ§€κ³  일뢀 ꡬ성원이 μ›μ „λ°˜λŒ€μ—°ν•©μœΌλ‘œ μ΄νƒˆν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ, λ‹€μ‹œ 결속λ ₯이 κ°•ν™”λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 또 ν›„μΏ μ‹œλ§ˆ μ›μ „μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” μ›μ „λ°˜λŒ€μ—°ν•©μ˜ λ°˜λŒ€ν™œλ™μ„ μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄‰λ°œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆκ³  μ—°ν•©μ˜ μ„Έλ ₯도 ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ λ‹€μ†Œμ˜ 정책변화에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ μ›μ „ν™•λŒ€μ •μ±…μ€ μœ μ§€λ˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, 찬반 λ…Όμ˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž₯μ—μ„œ λ”μš± ν™œλ°œνžˆ μ „κ°œλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.This study applies the Advocacy Coalition Framework(ACF) for the case of nuclear energy policy in South Korea since the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. External shocks like the Fukushima nuclear accident can cause policy changes in a short period. In fact, many countries, including Germany, decided to accelerate phasing out nuclear power following the accident. However, there seems to have been little change in nuclear energy policy in South Korea even after the Fukushima nuclear accident. This study explores the nuclear energy policy subsystem to explain the stability of nuclear energy policy in South Korea. The Fukusima accident caused a temporary loosening of unity in the pro-nuclear power Coalition, the dominant coalition. The Fukushima nuclear accident also triggered the political activities of the anti-nuclear power coalition. However, the policy belief of key actors in the pro-nuclear power coalition remained unchanged and that was the key reason for the stability of nuclear power policy in South Korea

    κ΅­κ³΅μœ μ§€ 관리 및 효과적 ν™œμš©λ°©μ•ˆ(A study on public land management and land banking)

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    λ…ΈνŠΈ : 이 λ³΄κ³ μ„œλŠ” κ΅­ν† κ°œλ°œμ—°κ΅¬μ›μ˜ μžμ²΄μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ±…μ΄λ‚˜ κ²¬ν•΄μ™€λŠ” μƒκ΄€μ—†μŒμ„ λ°ν˜€λ‘λŠ” λ°”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€

    Evaluation of Tradable Emission Permits via Transaction Cost Theory: Focusing on Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Management

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    λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„λŠ” 획일적으둜 λ™μΌν•œ 저감을 κ°•μš”ν•˜λŠ” 직접적 κ·œμ œμ— λΉ„ν•΄ 보닀 효율적인 ν™˜κ²½κ·œμ œλ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μ™”λ‹€. λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„ μ‹€μ‹œμ˜ μ œμ•½ μš”μΈ 쀑 많이 λ…Όμ˜λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ œλ„μ‹œν–‰μ˜ κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ΄ ν¬λ‹€λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ΄λ‹€. λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„ μ‹œν–‰κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ„ ꡭ내에 처음 λ„μž…λœ λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„μΈ μˆ˜λ„κΆŒ 사업μž₯ λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Ό λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ κ²€ν† ν•˜κ³ , κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ„ μ ˆκ°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ λŒ€μ•ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ€‘μš”ν•œ μŸμ μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. λ¨Όμ €, ν˜„μž¬ 2단계 κ³„νšμ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ μ€‘μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 사업μž₯κΉŒμ§€ ν™•λŒ€λ  경우 κ΅΄λšμžλ™μΈ‘μ •μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ μ„€μΉ˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ€‘μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 사업μž₯이 μ œλ„μ— ν¬ν•¨λ¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰ 츑정이 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ§€κ³  κ°λ…λΉ„μš© λ“± μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ œλ„μš΄μ˜μ˜ κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš© 증가가 μš°λ €λœλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 사전적 κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ„ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μž₯기적으둜 κ²½λ§€λ°©μ‹μ˜ 배좜ꢌ 할당을 κ²€ν† ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있으며, μš°μ„ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ λ°°μΆœκΆŒμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œλ²”μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μž…ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ°°μΆœκΆŒκ±°λž˜μ œλ„ ꡬ좕에 μƒλ‹Ήν•œ κ³ μ •λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ§€μΆœλ˜λ―€λ‘œ μ œλ„κ΅¬μΆ•μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±, κ±°λž˜λ‹¨μœ„λ‹Ή κ±°λž˜λΉ„μš©μ„ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 배좜ꢌ 거래 규λͺ¨μ˜ ν™•λŒ€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 배좜ꢌ거래규λͺ¨μ˜ ν™•λŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 배좜ꢌ의 할당을 μ μ ˆν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ μ œν•œν•˜λŠ” 것이 특히 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. It has been claimed in the vast literature that tradable emission permits are more efficient than direct regulation. It is currently a popular regulatory policy to tackle various environmental problems, from global warming problem to local air pollution issues. Korea has also introduced a tradable emission permits system to reduce air pollution in the Seoul metropolitan area. However, it is also suspected that tradable emission permits system requires high transaction costs. This paper examines the transaction costs of tradable emission permits through the case study of Seoul metropolitan air quality management. Policy alternatives for reducing the transaction costs of tradable emission permits are discussed. Key issues include the optimal scale of program participants and emission permits, introduction of auctions to allocate emission permits, and the complementary roles of alternative regulatory instruments.논문은 2009년도 μ •λΆ€μž¬μ›(κ΅μœ‘κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λΆ€ μΈλ¬Έμ‚¬νšŒμ—°κ΅¬μ—­λŸ‰κ°•ν™”μ‚¬μ—…λΉ„)으둜 ν•œκ΅­ν•™μˆ μ§„ν₯μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ—ˆμŒ(KRF-2009-332-B00610)

    뢀동산 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ κ°œλ°©μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λŒ€μ‘μ „λž΅ 연ꡬ

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    λ…ΈνŠΈ : 이 λ³΄κ³ μ„œλŠ” κ΅­ν† κ°œλ°œμ—°κ΅¬μ›μ˜ μžμ²΄μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ±…μ΄λ‚˜ κ²¬ν•΄μ™€λŠ” μƒκ΄€μ—†μŒμ„ λ°ν˜€λ‘λŠ” λ°”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
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