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    ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž…๋‚ด์›์ผ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ์ •๊ด‘ํ˜ธ.The medical community is facing a major change due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemic of infectious diseases also affected changes in medical use. Both medical institutions that provide medical care and patients who use medical care have confirmed that anxiety over hospital use plays a major role. To this end, health insurance provides policy support such as material, human, and financial support, such as temporarily guaranteeing fees for infection at the government level and preparing measures to visit medical institutions during essential medical care. Then, how about a auto insurance? In the meantime, auto insurance has caused an increase in insurance premiums due to an increase in auto insurance medical expenses, and legal grounds have been established for consignment screening to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to pursue consistency in medical screening. The proportion of medical expenses for mild patients is largely due to such moral hazard due to the characteristics that medical expenses of auto insurance are not incurred to themselves, expectation of recovery, and inseparable relationship between medical expenses and compensation. In addition, it is characterized by a steady increase in medical expenses in oriental medicine rather than in medicine. We would like to check if there is any change in the medical expenses for these minor auto insurance diseases after the outbreak of COVID-19. Among them, it was intended to find out the change in medical use by dividing medical institutions located in Seoul by region through changes in the number of days of hospitalization and medical expenses. For the data requested by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service for one year before and after the COVID-19 outbreak standard (January 2019 to December 2020), the number of days of hospitalization and medical treatment expenses in the specification were analyzed by time and region. It was confirmed as of January 2020, when the first patient occurred during the COVID-19 period, and August 2020, when a mass outbreak occurred and spread to the metropolitan area and implemented the second stage of social distancing nationwide. Gender and age in the claim statement, the size of medical institutions, and the number of traffic accidents by region were considered as control variables. After analyzing the overall medical expenses for mild symptoms, each treatment field (Korean medicine and medical treatment) was classified into a subgroup. Since the increase in medical expenses in the oriental medicine field has been steady, it was analyzed by dividing it into subgroups to know the changes in medical use in the oriental medicine field. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that immediately after January and August 2020, the number of days of hospitalization and medical expenses decreased significantly, and each trend change was mainly decreasing. However, in the case of medical expenses, the trend of medical expenses after August 2020 has been confirmed to be increasing. As a result of the analysis of the subgroup, it was confirmed that the trend of increasing medical expenses after August was largely affected by medical expenses in the oriental medicine treatment field. A well-known model of behavior related to medical use is Anderson's model. Among the three factors of predisposition, possible, and necessary factors of the Anderson model, medical care and the most direct factor are the necessary factor. After the pandemic of COVID-19, anxiety about infection affected the necessary factors. Social psychology, in the case of mild disease, anxiety about infection of infectious diseases played a greater role than anxiety due to worsening the disease, affecting the reduction of medical use as medical care was used only when necessary. Although the change in medical use since August 2020 has decreased due to the prolonged COVID-19, the increase in medical expenses may be due to the government's efforts to lower unmet medical care by resolving the loss compensation and anxiety about medical use in the Korean government. In addition to the impact of the government's policy, the previous behavior of over-treatment by increasing the daily medical expenses instead of reducing the number of days in the hospital due to the prolonged infection of COVID-19 is increasing the daily medical expenses. In the future, it is hoped that it will help to understand the current status when preparing policies to solve the increase in medical expenses for mild auto insurance diseases. Although there may be many limitations of this study, COVID-19 was only targeted at medical institutions in Seoul, mild cases were selected based on the principal diagnosis, severe diseases that can be compared to mild cases, and COVID-19 was still not included in the scope of health insurance. In the future, related studies hope that follow-up studies with a better diversified meaning will be prepared by supplementing these points.์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ‘์› ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ํ•œ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฌผ์ , ์ธ์ , ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋ณดํ—˜์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ? ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ‰๊ฐ€์›์— ์œ„ํƒ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฒ•์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ์›์ƒํšŒ๋ณต ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์™€ ๋ณด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฆํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„๋•์  ํ•ด์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ดํ›„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์—๋„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ์ง€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ž…๋‚ด์›์ผ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „ํ›„ ๊ฐ 1๋…„ (2019๋…„1์›”โˆผ2020๋…„12์›”)์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ‰๊ฐ€์›์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ‘์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘์ธ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ์˜ ์ž…๋‚ด์›์ผ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ 2020๋…„ 1์›”๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‘๊ธฐ2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ 2020๋…„ 8์›”์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๋‚ด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ํ›„ ํ•˜์œ„๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„(ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์˜๊ณผ์ง„๋ฃŒ)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์œ„๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2020๋…„ 1์›”๊ณผ 8์›”์˜ ์‹œ์  ์งํ›„์—๋Š” ์ž…๋‚ด์›์ผ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 2020๋…„ 8์›” ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 8์›” ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ–‰๋™๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Anderson์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Anderson ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์†Œ์ธ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์š”์ธ, ํ•„์š”์š”์ธ 3์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2020๋…„ 8์›” ์ดํ›„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†์‹ค๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ… ์ง€์›์„ ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ด์™ธ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ฌด๋ŽŒ์ ธ ์ž…๋‚ด์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์ผ๋‹น ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ณผ์ž‰์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹น ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ํ–‰ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋งˆ๋ จ ์‹œ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ , ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ์ค‘์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ , ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ 19๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ „ยทํ›„ 1๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ •ํ•œ ์  ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™” ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 5 1. ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ 5 (1) ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ•๋ น 7 (2) ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์ง„๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€์ฒด๊ณ„ 8 (3) ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 9 (4) ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์ง„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋ฃŒ 11 2. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ-19์˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์œ ํ–‰ 12 (1) ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์ดํ›„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •์ฑ… 13 3. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 16 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  18 1. ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 18 2. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 21 (1) ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฒฝ์ƒํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜๋ฃŒ 22 3. ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ 24 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 26 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 26 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 26 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ 28 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ˜• 32 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ 37 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 37 2. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 39 3. ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ 42 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ƒ๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„ 48 1. ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋ฃŒ 48 (1) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 48 (2) ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 48 (3) ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ 51 2. ์˜๊ณผ์ง„๋ฃŒ 56 (1) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 56 (2) ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 56 (3) ํŒจ๋„๋ถ„์„ 59 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  63 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 63 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 64 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 65 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  66 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 69 ๋ถ€๋ก 73์„

    Prognostic Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 Expression in Stage T1 Grade III Bladder Cancer

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    Purpose: The prognostic value of p53 remains controversial in stage T1, grade III (T1GIII) transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder. Recent studies have reported increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bladder cancer. The prognostic values of p53 and COX-2 were compared in T1GIII TCC of the bladder. Materials and Methods: Among 57 consecutive patients, diagnosed with T1GIII TCC of the bladder by transurethral resection (TURB), 37 were eligible for this study. Exclusion criteria included; the first TURB performed elsewhere, no or inadequate (less than 6 weeks) bacillus Calmette- Guerin treatment and postoperative follow-up of less than 1 year. The expressions of p53 and COX-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of TURB tissues. Possible correlations of the p53 and COX-2 expressions with the clinicopathological features, such as age, shape and multiplicity of tumor, recurrence and progression, were examined. Results: During a mean follow-up of 27 months, the disease recurred in 43.2% and progressed in 16.2%. Of the 37 specimens, 31 (83.8%) and 16 (43.2%) stained positive for COX-2 and p53 expressions, respectively. There were no significant differences in age, shape and multiplicity of the tumors, recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival between the p53 positive and negative groups. However, the recurrence-free and progression-free survivals were significantly lower in the COX-2 positive than in the COX-2 negative group (p=0.049 and p=0.027, respectively). When combined, p53 and COX-2 more accurately predicted recurrence than COX-2 alone (p=0.036), but not the progression (p=0.776). Conclusions: In the pathologically homogeneous group of T1GIII TCC of the bladder, COX-2 was superior to p53 in predicting the prognosis.ope

    A Study of Problems and Improvement on Physical Aspect of Video Electronic Display

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    Role of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy butyl)nitrosamine-induced rat u

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    ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ์ฒด ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•”์—์„œ cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ๊ณผ์ • ์ด‰์ง„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•” ์–ต์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ COX-2 ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋Š” in vivo ๋ฐ in vitro ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์•”ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” BBN ์œ ๋„ ๋ฐฑ์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ํ•ญ์•” ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 90๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท Fischer 344 ๋ฐฑ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 40๋งˆ๋ฆฌ (๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ)๋Š” 0.05% BBN์„ 24์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์Œ์šฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , 40๋งˆ๋ฆฌ (์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ)๋Š” 0.05% BBN ํˆฌ์—ฌ 1์ฃผ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1500mg/kg celecoxib์„ 1ํšŒ/1์ผ 24์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•จ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 0.05% BBN์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์Œ์šฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 10๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์•”๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” 4์ฃผ, 12์ฃผ, 16์ฃผ, 24์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฑ์„œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐœํ•œ ํ›„ ์œก์•ˆ์  ๋ฐ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ COX-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ธ์ž (๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ€๋„, vascular endothelial growth factor)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ํŒ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์•” ์ง์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ 12์ฃผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ 12์ฃผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ cDNA microarray๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œก์•ˆ์  ๋ฐ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์€ 12์ฃผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐฑ์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์กฐ์ง์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ์ข…๊ดด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋ถ„์—ด๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ์ถœํ˜„์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด COX-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ€๋„, VEGF ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ธ์ž๋Š” 12์ฃผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์•” ์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์ „์•”๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์šฐ์„ธํ•œ 12์ฃผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์„ 12์ฃผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋Š” 15๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ transgelin, membrane metallo endopeptidase, apolipoprotein E๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์•” ์–ต์ œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ COX-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ BBN ์œ ๋„ ๋ฐฑ์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์„ ์–ต์ œ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐœ์•” ์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋Š” transgelin, membrane metallo endopeptidase, apolipoprotein E ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์•” ์–ต์ œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ transgelin, membrane metallo endopeptidase, apolipoprotein E์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „ ๊ทœ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ COX-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•” ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด COX-2 ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in promoting cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human bladder cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitor has an antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro for a variety of tumor types. In this study, the antitumor or antiangiogenic effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor on BBN-induced rat bladder tumorigenesis were investigated. Forty male Fischer 344 rats (the control groups) were given only 0.05% BBN in water ad libitum, while 40 rats (the experimental groups) were administered 1500mg/kg celecoxib once daily by gavage tube, and this treatment started from 1 week before the BBN treatment. Ten rats were used as normal control. Ten rats from the control and experimental groups were sacrificed at the time of 4, 12, 16 and 24 weeks after BBN treatment. All bladders were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. We also measured COX-2 expression, microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein concentrations in bladder tissues. Utilizing a cDNA microarray, we analyzed the significant differences of gene expression between the 12 week-control group and the 12 week-experimental group. Under macroscopic and microscopic observations, the incidence of tumor was lower in the experimental group than in the control group from week 12 to week 24. The incidence of tumor at week 12, week 16, and week 24 was 20%, 50%, and 80% in the control group, and 0%, 20% and 40% in the experimental group, respectively. In the control and experimental groups, COX-2 expression mainly tends to concentrate in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in papillary tumor, and in the endothelial cells that are adjacent to the vessel of the basal layer of the bladder. COX-2 and VEGF expression were more significantly decreased from BBN induction (p<0.05), in the experimental groups than in the control groups after 4 weeks. MVD was decreased significantly in the 16 week-experimental group rats (p<0.05). At 12 week-experimental group, there were 15 genes altered by the administration of selective COX-2 inhibitor, and selective COX-2 inhibitor especially regulated transgelin, membrane metallo endopeptidase and apolipoprotein E of these 15 genes to prevent the incidence of bladder tumor. In conclusion, selective COX-2 inhibitor has an inhibitory effect because of its antiangiogenic effects on BBN-induced rat bladder tumorigenesis. In preneoplastic phase, selective COX-2 inhibitor regulates transgelin, membrane metallo endopeptidase and apolipoprotein E to prevent the incidence of bladder tumor. If these inhibitory effects are reproducible in human bladder tumorigenesis, then in the future, selective COX-2 inhibitor could be expected to play an important role as a chemopreventive agent and as a therapeutic aid for bladder cancer.restrictio

    Antiangiogenic Effect of ZD1839 against Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma (RENCA) in an Orthotopic Mouse Model

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    Introduction: ZD1839 (IressaTM) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). We evaluated the antitumor and antiangiogenesis activities of ZD1839 in a murine renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) model. Materials and Methods: The effect of ZD1839 on the cellular proliferation of RENCA cells in vitro was measured by colorimetric assay. For the in vivo studies, RENCA cells were adsorbed in Gelfoam and implanted into BALB/cJ mouse parenchyma with an agarose bar. Mice were treated with ZD1839 (40 mg/kg/day s.c.), genistein or saline for 14 days. Western blot analysis was performed to observe EGFR expression in RENCA cells and tumor tissues. Microvessel density (MVD) was quantified by immunostaining for factor VIII-related antigens and VEGF level was assayed by ELISA. Results: ZD1839 showed a dose-dependent inhibition of RENCA cellular proliferation. ZD1839 treatment resulted in a marked decrease in tumor growth compared with saline treatment. The MVD and VEGF in the RENCA tumors were decreased significantly by ZD1839 (p 0.05, respectively). Genistein also suppressed tumor growth and decreased MVD and VEGF level, but the efficacies were less than with ZD1839. Conclusion: The suppressive activity of ZD1839 on RENCA tumor growth was accompanied by decreases in the MVD and VEGF production. These results suggest that the antitumor effect of ZD1839 in a RENCA model is mediated partially by the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.restrictio
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