The Relationships between the Entry Behaviors into a Play Group in Indoor · Outdoor Free-play Time and the Social Behaviors of Preschoolers

본 연구는 실내 · 외 놀이 환경에 따른 또래놀이 가입행동을 비교․분석하고, 실내 · 외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동과 유아의 사회적 행동과의 관계를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 위해 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 1. 실내 · 외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 어떠한가? 1-1. 실내 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 어떠한가? 1-2. 실외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 어떠한가? 1-3. 실내 자유놀이시간과 실외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 차이가 있는가? 2. 실내 · 외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 유아의 사회적 행동과 관계가 있는가? 2-1. 실내 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 유아의 사회적 행동과 관계가 있는가? 2-2. 실외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동은 유아의 사회적 행동과 관계가 있는가? 본 연구의 대상은 경기도에 소재한 S유치원 만 5세 두 학급의 유아 49명이었다. 유아의 또래놀이 가입행동을 알아보기 위해 Putallaz와 Wasserman(1989)이 개발하고 김송이와 이재선(2006)이 번안 · 수정한 범주를 사용하였다. 또래놀이 가입행동의 하위범주 중 가입시도행동에 대한 집단반응은 Hazen과 Black(1989)이 개발하고 송미선(1994)이 번안 · 수정한 범주에서 반응행동의 하위범주를 보완하여 사용하였다. 또래놀이 가입행동 관찰은 12초 관찰, 8초 기록으로, 한 유아당 실내 · 외 각각 총 60회씩 관찰기록 하였다. 유아의 사회적 행동은 Behar와 Stringfield(1974)가 개발한 유아 행동 질문지(The Preschool Behavior Questionnaire)를 기초로 임연진(1998)이 개발한 것을 수정 · 보완하여 사용하였다. 자료분석을 위해 평균빈도와 표준편차를 산출하고, t검정과 상관분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실내에서 유아들은 가입시도행동을 하기 보다는 혼자놀이를 많이 하였다. 가입시도행동은 총 60회 중 평균 18회로 나타났으며, 그 중 참여시도하기 행동이 가장 많이 나타났다. 이에 대한 집단 구성원의 반응은 무반응이 가장 많이 나타났고, 그 다음으로는 단순수용이 많이 나타났다. 실외에서 가입시도행동은 총 60회 중 평균 12회로 나타났으며, 참여시도하기 행동이 가장 많이 나타났다. 이에 집단 구성원은 수용적인 반응인 단순수용을 많이 나타냈으며, 이로 인해 가입유아들은 집단에 포함되어 또래와 함께 놀이하는 모습을 많이 나타냈다. 유아의 또래놀이 가입행동은 실내 · 외간에 차이가 있었다. 가입시도행동은 실외보다 실내에서 더 많이 나타났는데, 특히 배회하기와 참여시도하기가 실외보다 실내에서 더 많이 나타났다. 이에 대한 집단 구성원의 반응은 단순거부와 무반응이 실외보다 실내에서 더 많이 나타났다. 둘째, 실내에서는 비시도 행동인 혼자놀이와 불안-위축행동이 약한 상관을, 집단가입상태와 불안-위축행동이 부적상관을 보였다. 가입시도행동은 과활동성-주의산만행동과 정적상관을 보였고, 이에 대한 집단 반응은 단순거부와 과활동성-주의산만이 가장 높은 상관을 보였다. 실외에서는 비시도 행동인 혼자놀이와 불안-위축행동 및 과활동성-주의산만이 정적상관을 보였고, 가입시도행동은 부분적으로 상관을 보였다. 집단 반응은 단순거부와 적대적-공격성 및 과활동성-주의산만 행동이 정적상관을 보였다.;This study is oriented to compare and analyze the entry behaviors into a play group in relation to play environments of indoor and outdoor, and to examine the relationships between the entry behaviors into a play group and the social behaviors of preschoolers. To satisfy with this purposes, research questions have been suggested as follows: 1. What is the entry behaviors into a play group in indoor and outdoor free-play time? 1-1. What is the entry behaviors into a play group in indoor free-play time? 1-2. What is the entry behaviors into a play group in outdoor free-play time? 1-3. Is there any difference in the entry behaviors into a play group between in indoor free-play time and outdoor free-play time? 2. Is there any correlation between the entry behaviors into a play group and the social behaviors of preschoolers? 2-1. Is there any correlation between the entry behaviors into a play group in indoor free-play time and the social behaviors of preschoolers? 2-2. Is there any correlation between the entry behaviors into a play group in outdoor free-play time and the social behaviors of preschoolers? The subjects for this study were 49 preschoolers of two five-aged classes in S kindergarten in Kyunggi-do. To clarify the entry behaviors, the category which was proposed by Putallaz and Wasserman(1989), and adapted by Kim Song-yi and Lee Jae-sun(2006), was used. For the play group's response to an entering peer, the Response Code, developed by Hazen and Black(1989) and adapted by Song Mi-sun(1994), was adapted and then used. The entry behaviors of each individual were observed for 12 seconds, coded for 8 seconds, and checked 60 times indoors and outdoors respectively. In order to measure the social behaviors of preschoolers, the social behavior rating scale which Yim Yun-jin(1998) invented, based on "The Preschool Behavior Questionnaire" by Behar and Stringfield(1974) was revised and used. To analyse the data, the average frequency, standard deviation, t test and the correlation analysis have been activated. The results of this study were as follows: First, the preschoolers preferred solitary plays to entry bids in indoor free-play time. The average number of entry bids was 18 times out of the total 60 times and among them, attempting to join in was most frequently appeared. Play groups' most frequent reponses on the entry behaviors were noncontingent responsed, followed by minimally accepted. In outdoor free-play time, the average number of entry bids was 12 times out of the total 60 times. The most frequent was attempting to join in among them. Mostly, play groups minimally accepted the peer's entry attempts, and accepted children tended to sustain playing interactions in the groups. There was a difference of the entry behaviors into a play group between the indoor and outdoor situations. The entry bids were more frequently observed in indoor free-play time than in outdoor free-play time. In particular, hovering and attempting to join in were more frequent at indoor situations than at outdoor situations. Among the responses of the play groups to an entering peer, minimal rejection and noncontingent responses were shown more in the indoor situations. Second, there were correlations between the entry behaviors into a play group and the social behaviors of preschoolers. In indoor situations, the anxiety-withdrawal behavior of social behaviors was appeared to have a weak correlation with the solitary plays which was the non-entry behavior, but a negative correlation with the group-entered state. The hyperactive-distractive behavior was shown to have a positive correlation with the entry bids, and the strongest correlation with the minimal rejection of the play group's response. In outdoor situations, the anxiety-withdrawal behavior and hyperactive-distractive behavior had a positive correlation with the non-entry behavior, the solitary plays. There was a partially correlation between the sociable-prosocial behavior and the entry bids. Among the group's responses, the minimal rejection showed a positive correlation with the hostile-aggressive behavior and hyperactive-distractive behavior.Ⅰ. 서론 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1 B. 연구문제 4 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 5 A. 실내외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동 5 1. 실내외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 유아의 놀이행동 5 2. 유아의 또래놀이 가입행동 9 B. 유아의 또래놀이 가입행동과 사회적 행동 13 Ⅲ. 연구방법 16 A. 연구대상 16 B. 연구도구 17 C. 연구절차 22 D. 자료분석 24 Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 해석 25 A. 실내외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동 25 B. 실내외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동과 유아의 사회적 행동과의 관계 29 1. 실내 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동과 사회적 행동과의 관계 29 2. 실외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동과 사회적 행동과의 관계 32 Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 36 A. 논의 36 1. 실내외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동 36 2. 실내외 자유놀이시간에 나타나는 또래놀이 가입행동과 유아의 사회적 행동과의 관계 39 B. 결론 및 제언 42 참고문헌 46 부록 53 <부록-1> 유아의 또래놀이 가입행동 관찰기록지 53 <부록-2> 유아의 사회적 행동 체크리스트 54 ABSTRACT 5

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