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    Interpreting Changes of Urban Fabric in Garibong-Dong

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 건좕학과, 2019. 2. κΉ€μŠΉνšŒ.Cities changethey are defined by the lives of its citizens and constantly (re)establish the relationships with its industry and economy. Garibong-dong, Seoul has developed into an urban space which is different from the general residential area in Seoul, reflecting the history of industrialization in Korea and the influx of foreign workers. In the 1960s, Garibong-dong was transformed from a rural area into a residential area after the establishment of Guro Industrial Complex in the region. However, due to changes in Korean industrialism, Guro Industrial Complex has been reorganized as Seoul Digital Industrial Complex, so Garibong-dong was no longer functioning as a residential area behind the industrial complex. As Korean-Chinese and Chinese gradually replaced the empty areas of Garibong-dong, where workers left, the characteristics of Garibong-dong changed and the underlying urban fabric developed in accommodating the changes. Focusing on the urban history in Garibong-dong, this study examines the changing features and structures of Garibong-dong, comprehensively analyzing its core elements of urban fabric – street, plot, buildings and programs. The Guro Industrial Complex, which continued to grow and develop until the 1980s, brought plenty of people to Garibong-dong, and the housing built to accommodate them had problems due to poor environment. However, the public focused on extending a residential areas to accommodate a large number of people who wanted to live in Seoul, rather than improving the residential areas of Garibong-dong. So, Large-scale apartments was constructed in Gwangmyeong City. The government regarded Guro-gu where Garibong-dong is located as a semi-industrial area for national export projects and valued re-development. Thus there were no plans for practical management of Garibong-dong. In 1990s, with the implementation of the housing environment improvement project, the government planned to improve the environment and urban infrastructure of residential areas in Garibong-dong. But some property developers created high-density multiplex houses and this led to worse housing conditions, parking difficulties and the departure of existing tenants. In the 2000s, various redevelopment projects were established to develop Garibong-dong as the region behind the 'Seoul Digital Industrial Complex' but the construction was not carried out for 11 years. The institutional situation in Garibong-dong has influenced the social changes, and this led Garibong-dong having a different character than the existing city. The characteristics of the residents changed, but the street system including Uma-gil and Garibong market, which was organized in the 1970s and 1980s, has been maintined or developed according to the changes in purpose. In addition, conditions due to size, shape, and cluster patterns of the site formed a unique identity in Garibong-dong's urban space. After the end of redevelopment zone, the conditions of the relationship between the plot and the streets controlled the speed and extent of development activities. This kept Garibong-dong as a residential area that are suitable for the Korean-Chinese and the Chinese. The change in the program of Garibong-dong reflected the change in the urban character and continued to occur even at a time when constructing activities were restricted, which shows that Garibong-dong has been transformed into a residential area for Korean-Chinese and Chinese as well as a center for job searching and leisure activities. Now, when the paradigm shifts from redevelopment to regeneration, instead of applying consistent planning method, it is necessary to recognize the diverse characteristics of each region and plan with consideration. The urban regeneration project is currently underway in Garibong-dong. In this regard, changes are still occurring and will continue to occur. Managing changes and planning cities require local understanding and detailed analysis through research and discussion. This study is meaningful in that because it analyzed the elements of urban fabric in Garibong-dong in the midst of a series of social and institutional changes in the target site, and understood the target site in an architectural and urban context. Based on this research, the research and discussion of Garibong-dong, which is a backbone of the industrial age and is currently represented in ethnic town, are expected.λ„μ‹œλŠ” κ·Έ 속에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 삢을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λ©°, 산업ꡬ쑰와 μ‚¬νšŒΒ·κ²½μ œμ  μš”μΈκ³Ό λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 관계λ₯Ό 맺으며 λ³€ν™”ν•œλ‹€. 가리봉동은 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 산업화와 외ꡭ인 λ…Έλ™μžμ˜ μœ μž…μ΄λΌλŠ” 큰 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‹΄μ•„λ‚΄λ©° μ„œμšΈμ˜ 일반적인 μ£Όκ±°μ§€μ™€λŠ” μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„±κ²©μ˜ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν–ˆλ‹€. 1960λ…„λŒ€μ— κ΅¬λ‘œκ³΅λ‹¨μ΄ μ‘°μ„±λœ 이후 λ†μ΄Œμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 가리봉동은 κ³΅λ‹¨μ˜ λ°°ν›„μ£Όκ±°μ§€λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν–ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚°μ—…κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ 인해 κ΅¬λ‘œκ³΅λ‹¨μ€ μ„œμšΈλ””μ§€ν„Έμ‚°μ—…λ‹¨μ§€λ‘œ κ°œνŽΈλ˜μ—ˆκ³  가리봉동은 더 이상 κ³΅λ‹¨μ˜ λ°°ν›„μ§€λ‘œ μ—­ν• ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ΄ λ– λ‚œ κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ 빈 곳을 μ‘°μ„ μ‘±κ³Ό 쀑ꡭ인듀이 점차 λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ 지역적 νŠΉμ„±μ€ λ³€ν™”ν–ˆκ³  근간이 λ˜λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§μ€ 이런 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λ©° λ°œμ „ν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±κ³Όμ •κ³Ό 이와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ„μ‹œκ³„νšμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ , 일련의 λ³€ν™” μ†μ—μ„œ λŒ€μƒμ§€ λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§μ˜ 변화양상과 λ„μ‹œκ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. ꡬ체적으둜 λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§μ˜ μš”μ†ŒμΈ κ°€λ‘œμ™€ 필지, 건물, μš©λ„λ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ„ λΆ„μ„ν–ˆλ‹€. 1980λ…„λŒ€κΉŒμ§€ μ„±μž₯κ³Ό λ°œλ‹¬μ„ κ³„μ†ν•œ κ΅¬λ‘œκ³΅λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 인ꡬ가 μœ μž…λ˜μ—ˆκ³  이듀을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 주택은 μ—΄μ•…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό ꡬ쑰둜 인해 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 곡곡은 가리봉동에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΄€λ¦¬κ³„νšμ„ λ‚΄λ†“κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ„œμšΈλ‘œ μœ μž…λœ λ§Žμ€ 인ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν™•μž₯κ°œλ°œμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμ·„λ‹€. κ΄‘λͺ…μ‹œ 지역에 λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈ 건립을 μΆ”μ§„ν•˜λŠ” λ“± κ³΅λ‹¨μ˜ 배후주거지λ₯Ό ν™•λŒ€μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€. 가리봉동이 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ ꡬ둜ꡬ μΌλŒ€λ₯Ό κ΅­κ°€ μˆ˜μΆœμ‚¬μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ€€κ³΅μ—…μ§€μ—­μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€κ³  κ°œλ°œμ΄λΌλŠ” κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ 여겨 가리봉동에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ  관리 κ³„νšμ€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 1990λ…„λŒ€μ— 듀어와 μ£Όκ±°ν™˜κ²½κ°œμ„ μ‚¬μ—…μ΄ μ‹œν–‰λ˜λ©΄μ„œ 가리봉동 일뢀 λΆˆλŸ‰μ£Όκ±°μ§€μ˜ ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό λ„μ‹œ 인프라λ₯Ό μ •λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμ› μ§€λ§Œ, 뢀동산 μ—…μžλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ νŠΉλ‘€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ³ λ°€μ˜ λ‹€μ„ΈλŒ€ 주택을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³  μ£Όμ°¨λ‚œκ³Ό μ£Όκ±°ν™˜κ²½ μ•…ν™”, κΈ°μ‘΄ μ„Έμž…μžλ“€μ˜ μ΄νƒˆ λ“± μ£Όκ±° λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ‹¬ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이후 2000λ…„λŒ€μ— 이λ₯΄λŸ¬ 가리봉동을 μ„œμšΈ 디지털 μ‚°μ—…λ‹¨μ§€μ˜ λ°°ν›„μ§€λ‘œ κ°œλ°œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 가리봉동 κ· ν˜•λ°œμ „μ΄‰μ§„μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œ μ§€μ •λ˜μ–΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž¬κ°œλ°œκ³„νšμ΄ μˆ˜λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ κ²°κ΅­ μž¬κ°œλ°œμ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν•΄μ œλ˜μ—ˆκ³  11λ…„μ΄λΌλŠ” 였랜 μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ κ±΄μΆ•ν–‰μœ„κ°€ μ œν•œλœ 채 μ •λΉ„κ°€ 이루어지지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 이런 κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ—μ„œμ˜ μ œλ„μ  상황은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  변화와 ν•¨κ»˜ 가리봉동이 κΈ°μ‘΄ λ„μ‹œμ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 성격을 κ°–λŠ”λ° 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€λ‹€. 가리봉동 거주자의 성격은 λ³€ν™”ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ μ£Όμš” μƒκΆŒμ΄ λ°€μ§‘λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 우마길과 κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰μ‹œμž₯ λ“± 1970-80λ…„λŒ€μ— 쑰직된 κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ κ°€λ‘œμ²΄κ³„λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μœ μ§€λ˜λ©° μš©λ„μ˜ 변화에 따라 λ°œμ „ν–ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν•„μ§€μ˜ 규λͺ¨, ν˜•νƒœ, κ΅°μ§‘μ–‘μƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 쑰건은 κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ— κ³ μœ ν•œ 정체성을 ν˜•μ„±ν–ˆλ‹€. 필지와 κ°€λ‘œμ˜ κ΄€κ³„λ‘œ μΈν•œ 쑰건은 μž¬κ°œλ°œμ§€κ΅¬ ν•΄μ œ 이후에 κ°œλ°œν–‰μœ„μ˜ 속도와 정도λ₯Ό μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λ©° 였래된 μ €μΈ΅ 건좕물을 계속 μœ μ§€μ‹œμΌ°κ³ , μ΄λŠ” 가리봉동을 μ‘°μ„ μ‘±κ³Ό μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ 여건에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όκ±°μ§€λ‘œ μ—­ν• ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆλ‹€. κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ—μ„œ μš©λ„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λŠ” λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ 성격 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λ©° κ±΄μΆ•ν–‰μœ„κ°€ μ œν•œλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μ‹œκΈ°μ—λ„ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν–ˆκ³ , 이λ₯Ό 톡해 가리봉동이 μ‘°μ„ μ‘±κ³Ό μ€‘κ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ κ±°μ£Όμ§€μ΄μž ꡬ직 및 μ—¬κ°€ν™œλ™μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ°œλ°œμ—μ„œ μž¬μƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ΄ λ³€ν•œ μ§€κΈˆ 일관적인 κ³„νšμˆ˜λ²•μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 각 지역에 λŒ€ν•œ 닀양성을 μΈμ •ν•˜κ³  νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ κ³„νšμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ—μ„œ λ„μ‹œμž¬μƒμ‚¬μ—…μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€κΈˆλ„ λ³€ν™”λŠ” λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  있고, μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ°œμƒν•  것이닀. λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό κ³„νšν•¨μ— μžˆμ–΄ 연ꡬ와 λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 이해와 μ„¬μ„Έν•œ 뢄석이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λŒ€μƒμ§€μ—μ„œμ˜ 일련의 μ‚¬νšŒμ , μ œλ„μ  λ³€ν™” μ†μ—μ„œ κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬, λŒ€μƒμ§€λ₯Ό 건좕적, λ„μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 기초둜 μ‚°μ—…ν™”μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ λ°°ν›„μ§€μ΄μž ν˜„μž¬ μ™Έκ΅­μΈλ°€μ§‘μ§€λ‘œ λŒ€ν‘œλ˜λŠ” 가리봉동에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ와 λ„μ‹œκ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜κ°€ ν™œλ°œνžˆ 이루어지길 κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  2 1.2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό 방법 4 1.3. 연ꡬ 흐름도 6 2. 이둠적 κ³ μ°° 7 2.1. 선행연ꡬ κ³ μ°° 8 2.1.1. μ‘°μ„ μ‘± 밀집지역 νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό 인식에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 8 2.1.2. λ„μ‹œμ μ§€λ¦¬ν•™μ  μ ‘κ·Όμ˜ 연ꡬ 9 2.1.3. κ΄€λ ¨ μ •μ±…μ˜ 영ν–₯에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 10 2.1.4. μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ™€μ˜ 차별성 12 2.2. λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§μ˜ 이해 13 3. κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ ν˜•μ„±κ³Όμ •κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ λ„μ‹œκ³„νš 뢄석 16 3.1. κ΅¬λ‘œκ³΅λ‹¨ μ‘°μ„± μ „ 가리봉동 17 3.2. κ΅¬λ‘œκ³΅λ‹¨μ˜ μ‘°μ„±κ³Ό 가리봉동 18 3.2.1. κ΅¬λ‘œκ³΅λ‹¨μ˜ λ°œμ „κ³Ό 쇠퇴 18 3.2.2. 가리봉1동 1지ꡬ μ£Όκ±°ν™˜κ²½κ°œμ„ κ³„νš 20 3.2.3. 21μ„ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ ꡬ둜ꡬ λ„μ‹œκΈ°λ³Έκ³„νš(1995) 24 3.3. μž¬κ°œλ°œμ§€κ΅¬ 지정 및 해체 26 3.4. λ„μ‹œμž¬μƒμ—μ„œμ˜ 가리봉동 29 3.4.1. 2030 μ„œμšΈλ„μ‹œκΈ°λ³Έκ³„νš(2014) 29 3.4.2. μ„œμšΈμ‹œ λ„μ‹œμž¬μƒμ „λž΅κ³„νš(2015) 30 4. κ°€λ¦¬λ΄‰λ™μ˜ λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§μ˜ 변화와 νŠΉμ„±λΆ„μ„ 32 4.1. 가리봉동 κ°œμš” 33 4.2. 가리봉동 λ„μ‹œ 쑰직의 변화와 νŠΉμ„± 35 4.2.1. κ°€λ‘œμ˜ 변화와 νŠΉμ„± 35 4.2.2. ν•„μ§€μ˜ 변화와 νŠΉμ„± 47 4.2.3. κ±΄μΆ•λ¬Όμ˜ 변화와 νŠΉμ„± 51 4.2.4. μš©λ„μ˜ 변화와 νŠΉμ„± 54 4.2.5. μ†Œκ²° 66 4.3. 가리봉동 λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό 의미 68 4.3.1. κ°œλ°œν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ‘°μ§ 68 4.3.2. μΌμ‹œμ  μ£Όκ±°μ§€λ‘œμ„œμ˜ λ„μ‹œμ  κΈ°λŠ₯ 72 4.3.3. μš©λ„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ λ„μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ 적응 75 5. κ²°λ‘  80 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 83 뢀둝 86 ABSTRACT 103Maste
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