4 research outputs found
Regulation of IL-24 by Tannerella forsythia in oral keratinocytes
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์น์ํ๋ํ์ ์น์๊ณผํ๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ์ต๋ด๊ท.1. ๋ชฉ ์
์ธํฐ๋ฃจํจ -24 (IL-24)๋ ์ธํฐ๋ฃจํจ -10 ๊ณ์ด์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ผ๋ก IL-24 ์์ฉ์ฒด (IL-20R2 / IL-20R1 ๋ฐ IL-20R2 / IL-22R1)์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ๋ค. ๋์ผํ ์์ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ ํ๋ ์ฌ์ดํ ์นด์ธ์ธ IL-19 ๋ฐ IL-20๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ, IL-24๋ ๋นํ๋์ด์ ์๋ฌผํ์ ํ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์๋ค. IL-24๋ ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์ฅ ์งํ (IBD), ๊ฑด์ , ๋ฅ๋งํฐ์ค ๊ด์ ์ผ (RA) ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ง์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์งํ์์ ๊ณ ๋๋ก ๋ฐํ๋์๋ค.
Tannerella forsythia๋ ๊ทธ๋ ์์ฑ๊ท ์ด๋ฉฐ ์น์ฃผ ์งํ์ ์์ธ๊ท ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ์ ํ๋กํ
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ T. forsythia๊ฐ 48 ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ผ ํ ์ฌ๋ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐํ ์ธํฌ (HOK-16B ์ธํฌ)์์ IL-24๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. T. forsythia์ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ๋
์ฑ ์ธ์์ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๋ก ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์ง๋ง IL-24์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ง ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ง ์์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ T. forsythia์ ์ํ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์ IL-24 ์ ๋์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ธ์๋ค๊ณผ ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์ธ์์ ๋ฐํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ IL-24์ ์ํฅ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค
2. ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ
HOK-16B ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ T. forsythia ๋ฐ Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis)๋ก 12 ๋ด์ง 48 ์๊ฐ ๋์ ๋ค์ํ MOI (0, 100, 500)์์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ํ์๋ค. IL-24์ mRNA ์์ค์ ์ค์๊ฐ ์คํฉํจ์์ฐ์๋ฐ์์ผ๋ก, ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ค์ ๋ฉด์ญ๋ธ๋กํ
์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. IL-24 ์์ฐ์ ํ์ฑ์ฐ์์ข
(reactive oxygen species, ROS)์ด ๊ด๋ จ๋๋์ง ์์๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด T. forsythia์ ROS ์์ฑ์ 2',7'- ๋ํด๋ก๋กํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ ์ ๋์์ธํ
์ดํธ (DCF-DA)์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ธก์ ํ
์๊ณ ROS์ ์ํ IL-24 ๋ฐํ ๋ฐ ๋นํ ์กฐ์ ์ ROS ์ต์ ์ ์ธ N-์์ธํธ์์คํ
์ธ (NAC)์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์ดํ ์นด์ธ ๋ฐ MAPK ์ ํธ ์ ๋ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ ์ํ IL-24์ ์กฐ์ ์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์ฌ์ดํ ์นด์ธ์ธ IL-6 ๋ฐ TNF-ฮฑ์ MAPK ์ต์ ์ ๋ฅผ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ํ IL-24์ ๋ฐํ์ ์ค์๊ฐ ์คํฉํจ์์ฐ์๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์ญ ๋ธ๋กํ
์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. IL-24๊ฐ ์ผ์ฆ ์ ๋ฐ ์ธ์๋ฅผ ์ ๋ ํ ์ ์๋์ง ์์๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด HOK-16B ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์กฐํฉ IL-24๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ IL-1ฮฑ, IL-8, CXCL10 ๋ฐ MCP-1์ ๋ฐํ์ ์ค์๊ฐ ์คํฉํจ์์ฐ์๋ฐ์์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค.
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
T. forsythia๋ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์์ IL-24 ๋ฐํ์ ์ ๋ํ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ ์๋ฑ์ก์ผ๋ก ๋นํ๋ IL-24๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋นํ์์ผ๋ S. oralis์ ์ํด์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ํ์์ด ์ผ์ด๋์ง ์์๋ค. T. forsythia๋ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์์ ERK ๋ฐ p38์ ํ์ฑํ ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ค์ ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ์ ๋ IL-24์ ๋ฐํ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋นํ๋ IL-24์ ๋ถ๋น๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ค. T. forsythia๋ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์์ ROS ์์ฑ๊ณผ IL-6 ๋ฐํ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ๋ค. IL-6๋ IL-24 ๋ฐํ ๋ฐ ๋นํ์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ์ ๋์ ์๋ค. IL-24์ ๋ฐํ๊ณผ ๋นํ๋ ROS ์ต์ ์ ์ธ NAC์, ERK์ p38์ ์ต์ ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์กฐํฉ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง IL-24๋ฅผ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ ๋ IL-1ฮฑ, IL-8, CXCL10 ๋ฐ MCP-1์ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ ๋ฐ๋ฉด IL-6 ๋ฐํ์๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ์์๋ค.
4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก
๋นํ๋ IL-24๋ HOK-16B ์ธํฌ์์ T. forsythia์ ์ํด ์ ๋๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ROS์ MAPK ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ๋๋ IL-6์ ์ํด ์กฐ์ ๋์๋ค. IL-24๋ ์ ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์ธ์๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ T. forsythia์ ์ํด ์ ๋ ๋ IL-24๊ฐ ์น์ฃผ ๋ณ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ ์์ฌํ๋ค.Objectives
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a member of the interleukin-10 family and binds to the IL-24 receptors (IL-20R2/IL-20R1 and IL-20R2/IL-22R1). Unlike IL-19 and IL-20, which are cytokines that share the same receptors, IL-24 can be glycosylated to be biologically active. IL-24 was highly expressed in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and keratitis.
Tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative bacteria and is known to be a causative agent of periodontal disease. Our preliminary proteomic study showed that T. forsythia significantly increased IL-24 in human oral keratinocytes (HOK-16B cells) after 48 h incubation.
Several virulence factors and their pathogenic mechanisms of T. forsythia have been studied, but no studies have been conducted on IL-24.
The objective of this study was to examine the factors involved in the induction of IL-24 in HOK-16B cells by T. forsythia and the effect of IL-24 on the expression of pro-inflammatory factors.
Methods
HOK-16B cells were treated with T. forsythia and Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) at various MOIs (0, 100, 500) for 12 to 48 hr. The mRNA level of IL-24 was measured by real-time RT-PCR and the protein level was measured by immunoblotting. To determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) was associated with IL-24 production, ROS generation by T. forsythia was measured using 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) and the regulation of IL-24 expression and glycosylation by ROS were evaluated by using a ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). To analyze the regulation of IL-24 by cytokines and MAPKs signaling pathway, IL-6 and TNF-ฮฑ, which are inflammatory cytokines, and MAPKs inhibitors were added into HOK-16B cells and the expression of IL-24 was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting. To assess whether IL-24 can induce pro-inflammatory factors, HOK-16B cells were treated with recombinant IL-24 and the expression of IL-1ฮฑ, IL-8, CXCL10, and MCP-1 was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR.
Results
T. forsythia induced the expression of IL-24 in HOK-16B cells and secretion of glycosylated IL-24 into the culture supernatants, but S. oralis did not. T. forsythia activated ERK and p38 in HOK-16B cells and inhibition of ERK and p38 activation resulted in reduced expression of IL-24 and secretion of glycosylated IL-24. T. forsythia increased the level of ROS and IL-6 expression in HOK-16B cells. IL-6 was a strong inducer of IL-24 expression and glycosylation. IL-24 expression and glycosylation were decreased when treated with
NAC, an ROS inhibitor, and inhibitors of p38 and ERK. Recombinant IL-24 induced IL-1ฮฑ, IL-8, CXCL10, and MCP-1 in HOK-16B cells, but not IL-6.
Conclusion
In this study, glycosylated IL-24 was induced by T. forsythia in HOK-16B cells and it was regulated by IL-6 via ROS and MAPK activation. IL-24 was able to increase pro-inflammatory factors. These results indicate that T. forsythia-induced IL-24 may be involved in periodontal pathogenesis.Abstract 2
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. Introduction 9
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ก. Materials and Methods 14
2.1. Bacteria culture and growth condition 14
2.2. Cell culture 14
2.3. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) 15
2.4. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products 18
2.5. Immunoblotting 18
2.6. Enzyme-linked immuonsorbent assay (ELISA) 20
2.7. PNGase F treatment 21
2.8. Pro-inflammatory cytokine treatment 21
2.9. ROS fluorescence measurement 22
2.10. Inhibitor treatment 22
2.10.1. NAC treatment 22
2.10.2 MAPK inhibitor treatment 23
2.11. Statistical analysis 23
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ข. Results 24
3.1. Expression of IL-24 and IL-24 receptors in HOK-16B cells and HGFs by T. forsythia 24
3.2. De-glycosylation of secreted IL-24 by N-glycosidase f 30
3.3 Expression of IL-20 cytokines and SOCS3 32
3.4 IL-24 regulation by IL-6 34
3.5. IL-24 regulation by ROS 40
3.6. IL-24 regulation by MAPKs 43
3.7. IL-6 regulation by ROS and MAPKs 47
3.8. Effect of recombinant IL-24 on pro-inflammatory factors 52
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ฃ. Discussion 54
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ค. References 57
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก 63Maste