14 research outputs found
An Analysis of <A Spring breeze melts the snow...>, Composed by Donald Reid Womack
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Έμμ.This study analyzes Donald Reid Womack's (1966~) . Among the works of Donald Womack, 34 works are for Korean traditional instruments and is his most recent work for the haegeum. Being inspired by hansi(traditional Korean poetry), he actively adopted sanjo which is one of the Korean traditional musical genres. Through the analysis of , this thesis discusses Korean traditional musical elements as well as the elements of program music, and the use of individual instruments. The key findings are presented below.
First, is for a trio of the haegeum, 12-stringed gayageum, and janggu. It is a single movement work and the composer indicated 18 rehearsal marks including Intro. A motif from its main melody was extracted in this study and divided into three types: Intro and [A]~[I]. As a result, I found that the motif (a) develops through ascending half steps by using nonghyeon. The motif (b) emphasizes each note without using sigimsae. Lastly, the motif (c) applies bending notes adopted from sanjo. Although each motif has different patterns, the present study analysis demonstrates their individual relevance and how music develops through alternation, sequence, and repetition.
Second, the three instruments - haegeum, 12-stringed gayageum, and janggu - play various roles in different sections, demonstrating the possibility of utilizing these instruments by using traditional musical elements. The haegeum plays a main melody, starting a new phrase utilizing the motif. The gayageum accompanies the haegeum's melody by playing melodies and rhythms alternatively in different sections. At the same time, the gayageum repeatedly plays motif similar to the haegeum, and while adding percussive effects by playing notes within a limited pitch range. As a percussive instrument, the janggu articulates rhythmic patterns throughout the piece and provides accents. Also, it suggests patterns of sections and gives a signal to melodic instruments before a chage in section by playing short rhythmic patterns.
Third, I also investigated how the piece represents images of nature-the theme implied in the title of the piece. The haegeum represents changes in nature such as ice and water by using nonghyeon and daruchigi. Following directions, such as "scratching strings with fingernails" and "striking the string with a geomungo suldae," the gayageum also represents the sound of nature. Similar to the gayageum, the janggu represents the sound of wind by using acoustic materials.
As discussed above, inspired by hansi, the composer created the piece by actively adopting Korean traditional musical elements. Especially, he utilized motives he borrowed from sanjo, one of the traditional genres, in various ways throughout the piece. Also, he doesnβt only expand the possibility of using traditional instruments while the three instruments play different roles in representing Korean sentiments and nature, but also demonstrates the unique timbre and endless possibility of expression of Korean traditional instruments by using traditional techniques. It is hoped that this study deepen the understanding of Donald Reid Womack's works and the style of haegeum music and that continuous efforts will be in creating music for Korean traditional instruments.λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ λλλ μλ§₯(Donald Womack(1966~)μ (2021)μ μνμ λΆμν μ°κ΅¬μ΄λ€. νμ¬κΉμ§ λ°νλ λλλ μλ§₯μ μν μ€ νκ΅ μ ν΅μ
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Abstract 76
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An analysis on the relative efficiency of the operating entity: focused on the community culture center
μμ μ λΆλ‘ μ΄ μ¬λ±μ₯νλ©΄μ 곡곡μλΉμ€μ λ―ΌμνΒ·λ―Όκ°μνμ λν κ΄μ¬μ΄ κ³ μ‘°λκ³ μλ€. μ΄λ λ¬Ένμμ νκ΄λΆμΌμλ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ λλΆλΆμ λ¬Ένμμ νκ΄μ΄ μ§μλ°©μμμ λ―Όκ°μνλ°©μμΌλ‘ μ νλμκ±°λ μ νμ κ³ν μ€μ μλ€. μ΄λ λ―Όκ°μνμ΄ μ§μλ°©μλ³΄λ€ λ ν¨μ¨μ μ΄κ³ μμ°μ μ΄λΌλ μ¬κ³ μμ μΆλ°νλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ€μ λ‘ λ―Όκ°μνμ΄ μ§μλ°©μλ³΄λ€ λ ν¨μ¨μ μΈκ°μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ μ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§μ§ μκ³ μλ€. μ΄μ λ°λΌ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μλ£ν¬λ½λΆμ(DEA)λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ°λ¦¬λλΌ μ 체 κ΄μμμ λ¬Ένμμ νκ΄μ λμμΌλ‘ μ‘°μ§μ΄μμ£Όμ²΄λ³ μλμ ν¨μ¨μ±μ λΉκ΅νμλ€. μ°κ΅¬λμμ μ°λ¦¬λλΌμ κ΄μμμ μμ¬νκ³ μλ λ¬Ένμμ νκ΄μΌλ‘ μ°κ΅¬μ μ¬μ©λ κΈ°κ΄μ μ΄ 19κ°μ(λ―Όκ°μν 5, μ§μ 14)μλ€. DEA λΆμ κ²°κ³Ό μλμ μΌλ‘ μ§μκΈ°κ΄μ ν¨μ¨μ±μ΄ λμ κ²μΌλ‘ νμ
ν μ μμλ€. λν λΉν¨μ¨μ μΈ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ κΈ°κ΄λ€μ μμ κΈ°μ μ λΉν¨μ¨μ±μ μ€μ¬λκ° νμκ° μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Ό λ¬ΈνμλΉμ€ 곡κΈλΆμΌμ μμ΄μ λ―Όκ°μνμ΄ μλΉμ€ μ§μ κ°μ μ΄λ μ΄μμ ν¨μ¨μ κ·ΉλννκΈ° μν μ΅μ μ λ°©λ²μ΄ μλλ©°, λ¬Ένμμ νκ΄μ ν¨μ¨μ±μ μ¦λμν€κΈ° μνμ¬ μ‘°μ§μ μ΄μκ΄λ¦¬, μΈλ ₯μμ± λ° μ±μ©κ΄λ ¨ μ μ νλ μ λ λ§λ ¨, λ³΄λ€ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ νκ°μμ€ν
λ§λ ¨ λ±μ΄ νμν κ²μΌλ‘ 보μΈλ€. The community culture center is the body to give its citizens or residents comprehensive culture service in a region. The tendency of its operating system in culture center through the world is contracting-out. That makes no exception in the operating systems of the culture centers. But, the system of contracting-out is efficient as we expected? We have a doubt that all the transformation of the government department to the evolved system, for example, contracting-out could improve the social efficiency. This study used the analysis of utilizing a quantitative method(DEA), and it analyzed the relative efficiency of the operating entity of the culture center. As the results of using DEA, it proved that the contracting-out system is inefficient than the direct operating system by local government. Some policy alternatives relating to contracting- ing-out system's efficiency in local government were suggested In the conclusion