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    OECD κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯에 λŒ€ν•œ ꡐ윑의 영ν–₯

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ΅­μ œλŒ€ν•™μ› κ΅­μ œν•™κ³Ό(κ΅­μ œν†΅μƒμ „κ³΅),2019. 8. μ •ν˜.Since the early 1980s, there has been a revival of interest in human capital with the development of new growth theory. The concept of human capital led many economists such as Paul Romer and Robert Lucas to question and propose channels through which human capital can promote economic growth and eventually built a widely accepted theoretical understanding of importance of human capital accumulation, which stimulates productivity, improves innovative capacity and facilitates diffusion and adoption of new technologies; hence, promotes growth. Thus, voluminous empirical research has been attempting to investigate growth effects of human capital through quantifying various aspects of human capital. Among several proxies for human capital, education -average years of schooling has been often placed in the center of attention. In fact, along with a world-wide steady increase in demand for higher education, growing body of growth literature has stressed the role of education as a core driving force of growth. However, majority of the existing studies focus on less-developed countries while little is known about growth effects of education within advanced countries. Despite the long existence of varying approaches on the role of education in growth literature, the empirical evidence and analysis on full dynamics of education on economic growth of advanced countries remains unclear. In this regard, this paper raises a question whether previous studies results are applicable to advanced countries and aims to validate the relationship between education and growth for sample restricted to OECD countries. The paper provides a cross-country growth regression analysis on effects of education on economic growth for 36 OECD countries with the intervals of 5 years-, 10 years- and 20 years period from 1970 to 2010. Additionally, gender-specific panel growth regressions are also performed to distinguish gender effects of education. This paper reveals that average years of schooling is statistically insignificant to the growth rate of GDP, which implies that a mere quantitative expansion of education creates trivial or no changes in knowledge and productivity level. Oppose to a general assumption on growth-enhancing effects of education, this result indicates that additional years of education insignificantly contribute to growth rate of GDP; therefore, a weak link to economic growth occurs in case of advanced countries with high initial level of education. Furthermore, female years of schooling appears to have significantly negative effects on growth for all short, mid, and long-term period, reflecting an underutilization of educated female labor. Overall, this paper highlights a systematic problem in education centered around a quantity expansion and calls for a reassessment of education policies within OECD countries.1980λ…„λŒ€ 초 이후 λ“±μž₯ν•œ μ‹ μ„±μž₯이둠을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅μœ‘μ„ ν†΅ν•œ 인적자본 ν˜•μ„±μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좘 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ 예둜 폴 둜머 (Paul Romer)와 λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 루카슀 (Robert Lucas) λ“±μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 경제 ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 인적자본이 경제 μ„±μž₯의 원동λ ₯μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 인적자본 좕적은 노동생산성을 높이며, κΈ°μˆ ν˜μ‹  및 μŠ΅λ“ λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν–₯상 μ‹œμΌœ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 경제 μ„±μž₯에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 효과λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ”λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ ν–ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 인적자본 이둠에 따라 인적자본 좕적이 κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ꡐ윑, κ²½λ ₯, μž„κΈˆ λ“± 노동λ ₯의 νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μΈ‘μ • 방법듀이 개발 λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. 인적자본 μΆ”μ • μ§€ν‘œ 쀑 ν•΅μ‹¬μš”μ†Œλ‘œ κΌ½νžˆλŠ” κ΅μœ‘μ§€ν‘œ-평균 κ΅μœ‘λ…„μˆ˜ λŠ” κ΅­κ°€ κ°„ 비ꡐ 뢄석을 μœ„ν•œ 전톡적인 λŒ€λ¦¬(proxy) λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ‚¬μš© λœλ‹€. κ΅μœ‘μ§€ν‘œλŠ” κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯κ³Ό ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μ„±μž₯동λ ₯μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν‰κ°€λœλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ— 초점이 맞좰져 있고 μ‹€μ œ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ •μ±… 및 개발의 흐름을 μ£Όλ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ˜ ꡐ윑과 κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯ κ°„μ˜ κ΄€κ³„λŠ” 비ꡐ적 μ†Œν™€ν•˜κ²Œ 닀루어져 왔기에 결둠이 λ„μΆœλ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μ±„λ‘œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” OECDκ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ ꡐ윑 동ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  평균 κ΅μœ‘λ…„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ OECDκ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ ꡐ윑과 GDP μ„±μž₯λ₯  κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ 규λͺ…ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ£Όλͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. 1970λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2010λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 총 40λ…„κ°„μ˜ νŒ¨λ„λ°μ΄ν„°λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•œ ν›„, 36개의 OECD ꡭ가듀을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 5λ…„, 10λ…„ 및 20λ…„ λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ ꡐ윑이 쀑μž₯κΈ° μ„±μž₯에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 νŒ¨λ„ νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ 톡해 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 성별에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΅μœ‘μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 효과 및 κ΅μœ‘λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ •λΆ€μ§€μΆœμ˜ 영ν–₯도 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석결과에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 평균 κ΅μœ‘λ…„μˆ˜μ˜ μ¦κ°€λŠ” ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯이 μœ μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŠ” μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ˜ ꡐ윑의 양적 팽창이 효율적인 인적자본 μΆ•μ μœΌλ‘œ 이어지지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 일반적으둜 ꡐ윑의 μ–‘μ • 팽창과 λŒ€μ€‘ν™”λŠ” κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯을 가속화 μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, 이미 높은 κ΅μœ‘μˆ˜μ€€μ— λ„λ‹¬ν•œ OECDκ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ 경우, ꡐ윑의 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μž₯기적 κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯으둜 이어지기 μœ„ν•΄μ„  ꡐ윑의 양적 증가보닀 내적 λ°œμ „ 즉 ꡐ윑의 질적인 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μ„±μž₯이 이루어져야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  해석될 수 μžˆλ‹€. 덧뢙여 OECDκ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ μ—¬μ„± ꡐ윑 μˆ˜μ€€μ€ κΎΈμ€€νžˆ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 반면, μ—¬μ„±μ˜ ꡐ윑 νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯κ³Ό 음의 상관관계λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , μ΄λŠ” μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ—μ„œ κ³ ν•™λ ₯ μ—¬μ„± 인λ ₯ ν™œμš©μ΄ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, λ³Έ 논문은 OECDκ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ ꡐ윑의 μ„±μž₯기여도λ₯Ό μ„±μž₯λͺ¨ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€λ‚΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ꡐ윑의 양적 ν™•λŒ€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 질적 κ°œμ„ μ˜ ν•„μš”ν•¨μ„ μ£Όμž₯ν•œλ‹€.Abstract i Table of Contents iii List of Tables and Figures iv I. Introduction 1 II. Literature Review 5 2.1 Human Capital, Education and Growth 5 2.2 Education in OECD 8 2.3 Proxy for Education: Quantity vs. Quality Controversy 12 III. Methodology 15 3.1 Framework 15 3.2 Data 22 IV. Empirical Findings and Discussion 23 4.1 Effects of Education on GDP Growth Rate 24 4.2 Effects of Education on Investment 36 V. Conclusion 40 Appendix 43 κ΅­λ¬Έ 초둝 57Maste

    λ‚¨λΆνšŒλ‹΄κ³Ό μ–‘λ©΄κ²Œμž„ 이둠 -2008~2017λ…„ μ •μΉ˜βˆ™κ΅°μ‚¬νšŒλ‹΄μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ-

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν–‰μ •λŒ€ν•™μ› κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œν–‰μ •μ „κ³΅, 2018. 8. ꡬ민ꡐ.This study analyzes political and military Inter-Korean talks between the year of 2008 and 2017. Based on Putnams Two Level game theory, the winsets of each talks were thoroughly examined. According to Putnam, there are three factors that determines winset sizethe distribution of power, preferences, and possible coalitions among Level 2 constituents, Level 2 political institutions, and Level 1 negotiators strategies. Level 1 refers to negotiation itself and Level 2 is domestic society. In this study, three determinants were modified in the context of reality of Korean peninsula. Level 1 negotiators strategies refer to Level 1 negotiators autonomy, which includes the chief negotiators rank, position, and experience. Level 2 preferences and coalitions were analyzed by specific agendas in each talks. In addition, Level 2 political institutions were set as fixed variable. In order to do the comprehensive analysis, the graph was introduced putting x-axis as Level 1 autonomy and y-axis as Level 2 preference and coalition. Inter-Korean talks for ten years were located on the graph. This graph shows that Level 1 is more influential than Level 2 in Inter-Korean talks. We also can find that the powerful chief negotiator can enlarge Level 2 winset, so he/she can achieve to make consensus even though when Level 2 winset is very small.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1.2 The Purpose of Research Chapter 2. Theoretical Background 4 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Two-Level game theory by Robert Putnam Chapter 3. Analytical Framework 11 Chapter 4. Inter-Korean Talks 2008~2017 17 4.1 Inter-Korean Talks Overview 4.1.1 2008~2012: Working level talks on North Korean provocation 4.1.2 2013~2014: High-level talks to restore relationship 4.1.3 2015~2017: Brief success of high-level authoroties meeting 4.2 Winsets Analysis for Each Talks 4.2.1 Level 1: Chief negotiators autonomy 4.2.2 Level 2: preferences and coalitions 4.2.3 Level 2 institutions Chapter 5. Political and Military Inter-Korean Talks 2008~2017 41 5.1. Analysis on winset in Inter-Korean Talks 5.2. Implications Chapter 6. Conclusion 54 6.1 Evaluation 6.2 Talks in 2018 and Prospect 6.3 Future Research Bibliography 59 Abstract in Korean 62Maste

    μ„±λŠ₯ κ°œμ„ μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ••μ „μž¬λ£Œ ꡬ동 지λŠ₯ν˜• μ‘°μ’…μ΅μ˜ PI μ œμ–΄κΈ° 섀계 및 μ„œλ³΄κ³΅λ ₯탄성학 해석

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 기계항곡곡학뢀, 2016. 8. 신상쀀.For a lighter aerial vehicle, an actuator made of smart material such as piezoelectric material can be used to operate a control surface. The piezoelectric material in the actuator can adjust the pitch angle of the control surface by being transformed due to voltage difference, and the control surface of such type is called the smart fin. In the present paper, starting from the fundamental structural analysis, the aeroelastic and aeroservoelastic stability, and structural response simulations of the smart fin control system are performed by integration of MSC.NASTRAN, ZAERO and MATLAB/Simulink. In the process, PI controller is designed to ensure the flight stability and to maintain the pitch angles of the smart fin under a specific flight conditions. And then, the complete closed-loop control system of the smart fin is constructed and analyzed in both ZAERO and MATLAB/Simulink. The controllers develop the flight and control performances by increasing the flutter boundary and decreasing settling time of the step responses of the smart fin.I. Introduction 1 1.1 Backgrounds and Motivations 1 1.1.1 Backgrounds of Aeroservoelasticity 1 1.1.2 Backgrounds of Smart Structures 3 1.1.3 Motivations of the Present Thesis 5 1.2 Objectives of the Present Thesis 6 II. Methodology 17 2.1 Descriptions of the Subject of Study 17 2.2 Structural Analysis of Smart Fin 25 2.3 Aeroelastic Analysis of Smart Fin 25 2.4 Aeroservoelastic Modeling of Smart Fin Control System 27 2.5 Theoretical Process of the Aeroservoelastic Analysis by State-Space Approach 27 III. Results 36 3.1 Structural Analysis of Smart Fin 36 3.1.1 Static Structural Analysis 36 3.1.2 Structural Modal Analysis 36 3.2 Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Smart Fin 42 3.2.1 Aerodynamics of the Smart Fin Using ZAERO 42 3.2.2 Flutter Analysis of the Smart Fin Using ZAERO 42 3.3 Open-Loop Aeroservoelastic Analysis of Smart Fin 48 3.3.1 Open-Loop Aeroservoelastic Analysis in the Frequency Domain 49 3.3.2 Open-Loop Aeroservoelastic Analysis in the Time Domain 53 3.4 Closed-Loop Aeroservoelastic Analysis of Smart Fin 57 3.4.1 Closed-Loop System Built by ZAERO 57 3.4.2 Closed-Loop System Built by MATLAB/Simulink 58 IV. Conclusions 66 V. Future Works 67 Reference 68 κ΅­λ¬Έ 초둝 71Maste

    Blackening of Zn-based alloy plating steel sheet and its corrosion resistance

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    Recently, demand for surface treated steel having the shape of black appearance is getting increased in the industry where advanced design is highly important. In general, the method to make such surface-treated steel having the shape of black appearance by using black paint or varnish is widely used. However, this method has inherent flaws making the coated surface peeled and scratched frequently. Due to such problem, it was found that competence of corrosion resistance and decorative appearance can be lost. Many studies to find the method how to maintain the coating layer of coated steel black have been actively made and surface treatment method by using wet steam became to be proposed as one of effective solutions from those studies. In this study, steam treatment was performed on various Zn-based coated steel sheets containing Mg to produce a black coating. The coated steel sheets were treated for 1 h while blowing hot water vapor at a temperature of 150 ℃ in equipment. Blackening was confirmed from the appearance of the steam-treated Zn-based coated steel sheet, and in particular, excellent black appearance was observed on the ZMA32 steel sheet. Thus, the black coating steel sheet was produced by hot-steam and this method proved to be effective alternative to painting. The morphology of black coating steel sheets was observed by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). And the composition of coating was determined by glow discharge optical emission spectrometer(GDOES) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDS). Also phase and crystallinity of the coating steel sheets were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the blackening property of the coating was influenced by the presence or absence of Mg and Al, and can have a black appearance by the zinc oxide layer formed thick with these compositions. SEM, EDS and TEM results showed that the compositions present in the coating layer were diffused and distributed over the entire area after steam, and it was confirmed that oxides were formed up to about 5 γŽ› in the depth direction. Thus, the black coating became thicker and had a darker appearance, despite the shorter processing time compared to the black coated steel plate formed by steam previously reported. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Mg was present as a MgZn2 intermetallic compounds. In the corrosion resistance evaluation result, the blackened coated steel sheet did not cause problems such as deterioration in performance compared to the existing high corrosion resistance ZMA32 steel sheet. Due to the thick oxide layer formed by the steam, the corrosion resistance of the film tended to increase in the cyclic corrosion test. As a result, it is confirmed that the main factors for the formation of a high corrosion-resistant black coating by steam treatment, and could provide a basic design guideline for the production of black coated steel sheets. KEY WORDS : Black coating steel sheet, Zn-Mg based alloy, Steam treatment, Corrosion resistance, Intermetallic compounds.μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” κ³ κΈ‰ 섀계λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚°μ—… λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 흑색 μ™Έκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λœ 강에 λŒ€ν•œ μš”κ΅¬κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ 흑색 외관을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방법은 일반적으둜 흑색 페인트 λ˜λŠ” λ°”λ‹ˆμ‰¬λ₯Ό λ„ν¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έ μ½”νŒ… ν‘œλ©΄μ— 박리 및 긁힘과 같은 손상이 λ°œμƒν•  κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 내식성 및 μž₯식 μ™Έκ΄€κ³Ό 같은 μ„±λŠ₯이 손싀될 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ„κΈˆ λ˜λŠ” μ½”νŒ…λœ κ°•μ˜ 막측 자체λ₯Ό 흑화 μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 방법이 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜κ³  있고, κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œμ¨ μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 방법이 μ œμ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” Mg을 ν•¨μœ ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆ 및 증착 μ½”νŒ… κ°•μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μŠ€νŒ€(steam) ν‘œλ©΄ 처리λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ ν‘ν™”λœ 막을 μ œμ‘°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž₯치 내에 150 β„ƒμ˜ 고온 μŠ€νŒ€μ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ½”νŒ…λœ κ°•μž¬λ₯Ό 1μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이에 따라 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 된 Zn계 μ½”νŒ… κ°•μž¬μ˜ μ™Έκ΄€μ—μ„œ 흑화가 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 특히, ZMA32 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 흑색 외관이 κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 흑색 막 κ°•νŒμ€ 도μž₯의 λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ œμ•ˆλœ 방법인 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ²•μ— μ˜ν•΄ 제쑰 될 수 있음이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 흑색 막 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” 주사 μ „μž ν˜„λ―Έκ²½(SEM) 및 투과 μ „μž ν˜„λ―Έκ²½ (TEM)을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ½”νŒ…λ§‰μ˜ 화학적 μ‘°μ„± λΆ„ν¬λŠ” κΈ€λ‘œμš° λ°©μ „ κ΄‘λ°©μΆœ 뢄광계(GDOES) 및 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λΆ„μ‚°ν˜• X-μ„  뢄광법(EDS)에 μ˜ν•΄ 쑰사-λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이외에도 μ½”νŒ… κ°•μž¬μ˜ ν™”ν•©λ¬Ό 상 뢄석 및 κ²°μ •κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” X-μ„  회절(XRD) 및 X-μ„  κ΄‘μ „μž 뢄광법(XPS)에 μ˜ν•΄ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 뢄석 결과에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄, Mg κ³Ό Al이 ν¬ν•¨λœ Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆμž¬μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” Mg 및 Al의 쑴재 유무 및 쑰성비에 따라 λ§‰μ˜ 흑화 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ λ‹¬λΌμ§„λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 즉, 이것은 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ ν˜•μ„±λœ 산화아연측에 μ˜ν•΄ 흑색 외관을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. SEM, EDS 및 TEM κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 이후 μ½”νŒ…λ§‰μΈ΅μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ›μ†Œμ˜ 확산에 μ˜ν•΄ 경계가 사라지며 μ½”νŒ… 전역에 걸쳐 Zn, Mg 및 Al이 λΆ„ν¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이것은 깊이 λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ•½ 5 γŽ›κΉŒμ§€ μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό 측이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ΄ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λœ 흑색 막은 이전에 보고된 고온 μˆ˜μ¦κΈ°μ— μ˜ν•΄ ν˜•μ„±λœ 흑색 μ½”νŒ… κ°•νŒμ— λΉ„ν•΄ 처리 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μ§§μŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , λ”μš± 두껍고 μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 흑화 μ½”νŒ…λ§‰μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ œμž‘λœ 흑색 μ½”νŒ…λ§‰ κ°•μž¬ 쀑 μƒμš©ν™”κ°€ μš©μ΄ν•œ ZMA32λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 내식성을 ν‰κ°€ν•œ 결과에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄ 흑화 μ½”νŒ…λ§‰ κ°•μž¬λŠ” 기쑴의 고내식성 ZMA32 κ°•μž¬μ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λ©΄ μ„±λŠ₯ μ €ν•˜ λ“±μ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 이것은 μ—Όμˆ˜λΆ„λ¬΄λŠ” λ¬Όλ‘  볡합뢀식 μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œλ„ μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ ν˜•μ„±λœ λ‘κΊΌμš΄ μ‚°ν™”μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ 인해 흑색 λ§‰μ˜ 내식성은 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 결과적으둜 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ₯Ό 톡해 ν‘ν™”λœ Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ μ½”νŒ…λ§‰μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ΄ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆκ³  ν‘ν™”μ˜ μ£Όμš” μš”μΈμ„ 규λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 즉, λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 흑색 외관을 κ°–λŠ” 고내식성 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬μ˜ 섀계가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. KEY WORDS : 흑색 μ½”νŒ… κ°•νŒ, Zn-Mg계 ν•©κΈˆ μ½”νŒ…, μŠ€νŒ€ 처리, 내식성, κΈˆμ†κ°„ν™”ν•©λ¬Όμ œ 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1.1 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  1 1.2 연ꡬ λ‚΄μš© 3 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 2.1 ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ 5 2.2 내식성 ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 8 2.2.1 κΈˆμ†μ˜ 뢀식 및 내식성 ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬ 8 2.2.2 내식성 ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜ 19 2.3 흑색 λ„κΈˆκ°•νŒ 21 2.3.1 흑색 λ„κΈˆκ°•νŒμ˜ 제쑰 및 기술 ν˜„ν™© 21 2.3.2 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ²• 23 2.3.3 흑색 λ„κΈˆκ°•νŒμ˜ νŠΉμ„± 24 제 3 μž₯ μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 3.1 μ‹€ν—˜ μž₯치 및 막 μ‹œν—˜νŽΈμ˜ μ œμž‘ 방법 25 3.1.1 μ‹€ν—˜ μž₯치 및 원리 25 3.1.2 막 μ‹œν—˜νŽΈμ˜ μ œμž‘ 27 3.2 각쒅 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λœ λ§‰μ˜ 재료 뢄석 29 3.2.1 λ§‰μ˜ μ™Έκ΄€-λͺ…도 뢄석 29 3.2.2 λ§‰μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄ 및 단면 λͺ¨ν΄λ‘œμ§€ κ΄€μ°° 29 3.2.3 λ§‰μ˜ μ›μ†Œμ‘°μ„± 뢄석 30 3.2.4 λ§‰μ˜ μ„±λΆ„ 상 및 결정ꡬ쑰 뢄석 31 3.3 각쒅 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λœ λ§‰μ˜ 내식성 평가 32 3.3.1 λ§‰μ˜ μ—Όμˆ˜λΆ„λ¬΄μ‹œν—˜ 32 3.3.2 λ§‰μ˜ λ³΅ν•©λΆ€μ‹μ‹œν—˜ 33 3.3.3 λ§‰μ˜ 전기화학적 뢀식츑정 평가 35 제 4 μž₯ μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° 4.1 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ μ’…λ₯˜λ³„ μŠ€νŒ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λœ λ§‰μ˜ μ™Έκ΄€-λͺ…도 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό 38 4.1.1 각쒅 λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 처리된 λ§‰μ˜ μ™Έκ΄€-λͺ…도 38 4.1.2 Mg 포함 Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 처리된 흑색 λ§‰μ˜ μ™Έκ΄€-λͺ…도 40 4.2 Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 처리된 흑색 λ§‰μ˜ 재료 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό 42 4.2.1 λ§‰μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄ λͺ¨ν΄λ‘œμ§€ 및 μ›μ†Œμ‘°μ„± 뢄석 42 4.2.2 λ§‰μ˜ 단면 λͺ¨ν΄λ‘œμ§€ 및 μ›μ†Œμ‘°μ„± 뢄석 45 4.2.3 λ§‰μ˜ μ„±λΆ„ 상 λ³€ν™” 및 결정ꡬ쑰 뢄석 50 4.2.4 Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 처리된 흑색 λ§‰μ˜ μ£Όμš” ν˜•μ„± 인자 54 4.2.5 Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 처리된 흑색 λ§‰μ˜ ν˜•μ„± λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜ 57 4.3 Zn계 ν•©κΈˆ λ„κΈˆ κ°•μž¬ 상 처리된 흑색 λ§‰μ˜ 내식성 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 60 4.3.1 λ§‰μ˜ μ—Όμˆ˜λΆ„λ¬΄μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 60 4.3.2 λ§‰μ˜ λ³΅ν•©λΆ€μ‹μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 62 4.3.3 λ§‰μ˜ 전기화학적 뢀식 μΈ‘μ • κ²°κ³Ό 64 4.3.4 λ§‰μ˜ 내식성 평가 κ²°κ³Ό μ’…ν•© κ³ μ°° 68 제 5 μž₯ κ²° λ‘  70 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 72 κ°μ‚¬μ˜ κΈ€ 77Maste

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    μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ •κ³Ό μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ 체윑ꡐ윑과, 2018. 8. λ‚˜μ˜μΌ.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 성곡적인 νƒœκΆŒλ„ ν•΄μ™Έ μ§„μΆœ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λ³€μ²œ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 것이닀. ν˜„μž¬ μ΄λž€μ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„ 인ꡬ가 μ•½ 250만 λͺ…이고, μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 각쒅 μ„Έκ³„λŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ κ²½κΈ°λ ₯을 μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 4λ…„μ œ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ˜ 건립 λ“± ν™œλ°œν•œ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯을 μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ§€λ‚œ 2016 리우 μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λž€ 역사상 첫 μ—¬μ„± λ©”λ‹¬λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈκ°€ νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ’…λͺ©μ—μ„œ νƒ„μƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 즉, 이처럼 νƒœκΆŒλ„ ν•΄μ™Έ μ§„μΆœμ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 성곡적이라고 해도 과언이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ΄λž€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ νƒœκΆŒλ„κ°€ μ΄λž€μœΌλ‘œ μ§„μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μ‹œκΈ°λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€μ˜ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯에 κ΄€ν•΄ μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ μ°°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ΄λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ ν•΄μ™Έ μ§„μΆœμ— κ΄€ν•œ λ¬Έν—Œμžλ£Œ, λŒ€ν•œνƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒ 계간지, μ΄λž€ νƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒμ™€ μ„Έκ³„νƒœκΆŒλ„μ—°λ§Ή λ“±μ˜ DBλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜κ³  λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λž€μ˜ ꡭ제 νƒœκΆŒλ„ ν™œλ™ 및 전적, μ΄λž€ κ΅­λ‚΄ νƒœκΆŒλ„ μΈμ§€λ„μ˜ λ³€ν™”, μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„±νƒœκΆŒλ„μΈμ˜ λ“±μž₯ λ“± μ£Όμš” νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ§„μΆœκ³Ό λ³€μ²œ 과정에 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ£Όμš” κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€κ³Ό μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ˜ 면담을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 2μ°¨ 자료둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό, μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ •μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ€ μ‹œλŒ€μ  흐름과 ν•¨κ»˜ μ£Όμš” μ‚¬κ±΄μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 첫째, μ΄λž€ νƒœκΆŒλ„λŠ” 이슬람 혁λͺ… 이전 ꡰꡐ관단을 ν†΅ν•œ λ„μž…κ³Ό 혁λͺ… 이후 λŒ€ν•œνƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ§„μΆœν•œ ν•œκ΅­μΈ μ‚¬λ²”μ˜ λ„μž…μœΌλ‘œ ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ 경기화와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄λž€ κ²¨λ£¨κΈ°Β·ν’ˆμƒˆ κ΅­κ°€λŒ€ν‘œνŒ€μ˜ 각쒅 κ΅­μ œλ¬΄λŒ€ ν™œμ•½μ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인지도λ₯Ό ν™•μ‚°μ‹œν‚€λ©° μ „κ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ΄λž€ νƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒμ˜ 적극적인 ν™œλ™κ³Ό 슀포츠 μ˜μ›…μ˜ 탄생은 μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„λ₯Ό μ „λ¬Έν™”, λŒ€μ€‘ν™”μ‹œμΌ°μœΌλ©°, ν˜„μž¬ 자립적인 질적 ν–₯상을 톡해 κΎΈμ€€νžˆ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λž€μ˜ λ³€μ²œ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ€ λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯이닀. μ΄λž€μ˜ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„κ°€ μ„±μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μš”μΈμ€ ꡭ내·외적 νŠΉμ„±μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λž€μ˜ 여성듀은 μœ μ•„λΆ€ν„° μ„±μΈκΉŒμ§€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹ μ²΄ν™œλ™μ„ μ œν•œ 없이 즐길 수 있으며, κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ˜ κΆŒμœ μ™€ ν˜‘μ‘°λ₯Ό 톡해 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ— μž…λ¬Έ λ˜λŠ” μ§€μ†ν•΄λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 그리고 무슬림 μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ˜ κ΅­μ œλŒ€νšŒ μ§„μΆœμ΄ κ°€λŠ₯해지며 μ΄λž€ νƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒμ™€ μ²΄μœ‘νšŒλŠ” 남·여 차별 없이 μ§€μ›ν•΄μ€ŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„κ°€ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ˜ 면담을 톡해 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 첫째, 이듀은 νƒœκΆŒλ„ 수련과 λŒ€νšŒ μ°Έκ°€ 등을 톡해 μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ μ‹œμ„ κ³Ό 달리 히작 μ°©μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κΈμ •μ μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. νƒœκΆŒλ„ κ΅­μ œλŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œ 무슬림 μ—¬μ„±μ—κ²Œ 히작 착용이 ν—ˆμš©λ˜λ©΄μ„œ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 생겼고, 각쒅 κ΅­μ œλŒ€νšŒμ—μ„œ 성적을 κ±°λ‘λ©΄μ„œ 민쑱의 κ³ μœ ν•œ λ¬Έν™”μ΄μž 전톡을 ν‘œμΆœν•˜λŠ” 기회둜 μ‚Όμ•„ μžκ΅­μ— λŒ€ν•œ μžλΆ€μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ λ°œμ „ κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό 긍정적인 미래λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, νƒœκΆŒλ„λŠ” μ΄λ“€μ˜ μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„κ³Ό κΉŠμ€ 관련이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λž€μ€ 졜근 μ—¬μ„± μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½ λ©”λ‹¬λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ 탄생 효과둜 μ—¬μ„± μˆ˜λ ¨μΈκ΅¬κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μœ μ†Œλ…„ 및 μ²­μ†Œλ…„ 유망주의 발꡴과 μ„±μž₯을 λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹€μ²œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ νƒœκΆŒλ„λž€ μ‚Άκ³Ό 직결된 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ˜μ—­μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ’…κ΅κ΅­κ°€λΌλŠ” 기쑴의 μ‹œκ°κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 μ΄λž€μ€ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ ꡭ기인 νƒœκΆŒλ„λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λŒ€μ€‘ν™”μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€. 특히 이슬람 λ¬Έν™”λ‘œ 인해 μΌμƒμƒν™œ μ†μ—μ„œ 남녀 차별이 μžˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  νƒœκΆŒλ„ μˆ˜λ ¨μ€ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ—κ²Œ 남성과 λ™λ“±ν•œ 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , ꡭ가와 ν˜‘νšŒμ˜ 지원을 톡해 μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„κ°€ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ • μ†μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” λ°œμ „μƒκ³Ό μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯은 μ΄λž€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„ μž…κ²¬μ„ μž¬κ³ ν•΄λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 무슬림 κ΅­κ°€ μ΄λž€μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λͺ©λ“€λ³΄λ‹€λ„ νƒœκΆŒλ„κ°€ 제 2의 κ΅­κΈ° 슀포츠둜 자리 μž‘μ„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것을 μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. μ•žμœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ˜ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ 타 κ΅­κ°€λ“€λ‘œ μ§„μΆœν•˜μ—¬ 각 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ™ν™”λ˜μ–΄ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμ„ 것이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έν™” ꡐλ₯˜μ˜ 쀑심에 νƒœκΆŒλ„κ°€ 있으며 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ 문화적 κ°€μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 탐ꡬ가 μ„ ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀.This study is about the transformation of Taekwondo in Iran and the growth of Iranian women's Taekwondo, which can be seen as successful examples of Taekwondo overseas advancement. At present, Iran has achieved an impressive growth of Taekwondo, including about 2.5 million Taekwondo population, outstanding performance in various world championships including the Olympics, and the construction of a four-year Taekwondo University. In addition, at the 2016 Rio Olympics, the first female medalist in Iranian history was born in Taekwondo. In other words, the purpose of this study is to historically examine the growth of female Taekwondo in transition process of Taekwondo in Iran. Β Β Database of Taekwondo's overseas advancement and various associations materials is collected and analyzed to find out characteristics of transition of Taekwondo in Iran. It was also used as a secondary data through interviews with major officials of IRITF(Islamic Republic of Iran Taekwondo Federation) and women's Taekwondo experts in Iran. Β Β As a result, the process of the change of Taekwondo in Iran can be divided into three main events: 1) Settlement of Korean masters, 2) Independence of IRITF, 3) Advance of women's Taekwondo in Iran. First, the advancement of Korean masters and standardization of Taekwondo technology have created the technology system of Iran Taekwondo. Through the seminar for Taekwondo instructors across the country, Taekwondo was spread nationwide. Second, IRITF was able to achieve independence with excellent performance in various international Taekwondo stages. In particular, Taekwondo became known to the Iranian masses with the national players win. Third, Muslim female athletes were able to take part in international Taekwondo championsihps. As a result, there was a new opportunity for women in Iran and the number of female Taekwondo practitioners has rapidly increased since the 2000s. Taekwondo, which has succeeded in popularization of both men and women, has now increased the youth and youth training level, and is showing a new possibility in international competitions. Β Β The prominent phenomenon in Iran Taekwondo is the growth of women's Taekwondo. The factors that allowed the growth of women's Taekwondo in Iran could be divided into domestic and foreign characteristics. Women in Iran can enjoy a variety of physical activities, from infants to adults, without limitations. Through the recommendation and cooperation of their families, they were able to enter or keep staying in Taekwondo. Furthermore, Muslim women Taekwondo athletes were able to advance to international competitions. As a result, IRITF and the Sports Council of Iran support women's Taekwondo actively. Β Β Through interviews with female Taekwondo experts, following characteristics stands. First, they were positive about wearing "hijab" through Taekwondo training and participation in competitions, and they were proud of training Taekwondo in Iran. Because of new opportunities that Muslim women can participate in world championships by allowing them to wear hijab, Iranian women were positive about hijab. And pride in their own country has increased as they have achieved record in various international competitions. Unlike general prejudices about hijab, it was recognized as a culture and tradition inherent in the nation for them. Secondly, Iran women Taekwondo experts regard Taekwondo as potential future of Iranian women Taekwondo and one of the most important factors for their self realization. Iran has recently increased the number of women practitioners due to the birth of women's Olympic medalists, and is pursuing both juvenile and youth prospects. In addition, Taekwondo was deeply related to women Taekwondo experts. Β Β Contrary to the existing view on religious countries, Iran quickly accepted the Taekwondo, and popularized it. Especially, due to the Islamic culture, despite the gender discrimination in everyday life, it provided women with equal opportunities with men, and women's Taekwondo could be revitalized through the support of the state and the federation. The development of women in Taekwondo and the growth of women's Taekwondo in Iran suggest that there is a need to reconsider prejudice against Iran. This study has historically examined the fact that Taekwondo has become the second national sport in the Muslim countries of Iran. In the future, it will be necessary to examine the phenomenon that Korean culture advances to other countries and develops with the characteristics of each country. There is Taekwondo' at the center of such cultural exchanges and the investigation of the cultural value of Taekwondo should be preceded.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 1 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ  6 3. μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²€ν†  7 1) μ—¬μ„± 슀포츠 7 (1) μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό 슀포츠 연ꡬ 7 (2) μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό νƒœκΆŒλ„ 연ꡬ 11 2) μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό νƒœκΆŒλ„ 15 (1) νƒœκΆŒλ„ ν•΄μ™Έμ§„μΆœμ‚¬ 연ꡬ 15 (2) μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό νƒœκΆŒλ„ 연ꡬ 19 4. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법 21 1) 자료의 μˆ˜μ§‘ 및 처리 21 2) 자료의 뢄석 및 해석 25 3) 연ꡬ 절차 29 4) μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ œν•œμ  32 β…‘. μ΄λž€ 33 1. μ΄λž€μ˜ κ°œκ΄€ 33 1) μ΄λž€μ˜ 약사 34 2) μ΄λž€κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 관계 37 2. μ΄λž€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ¬Έν™”μ  νŠΉμ„± 39 1) μ΄λž€μ˜ 쒅ꡐ와 μ •μΉ˜ 39 2) μ΄λž€μ˜ ꡐ윑과 문화ꡐλ₯˜ 42 3) μ΄λž€μ˜ μ—¬μ„± 44 3. μ΄λž€μ˜ 슀포츠 48 1) μ΄λž€μ˜ μ „ν†΅μŠ€ν¬μΈ  48 2) μ΄λž€μ˜ ν˜„λŒ€μŠ€ν¬μΈ  50 β…’. μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ • 53 1. νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ λ„μž… 53 1) μ΄λž€ 이슬람혁λͺ… 이전 53 2) μ΄λž€ 이슬람혁λͺ… 이후 59 2. νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ „κ°œ 66 1) 겨루기 μ’…λͺ©μ˜ κ΅­μ œλ¬΄λŒ€ μ§„μΆœκ³Ό ν™œμ•½ 66 2) ν’ˆμƒˆ μ’…λͺ©μ˜ κ΅­μ œλ¬΄λŒ€ μ§„μΆœκ³Ό ν™œμ•½ 74 3. νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬ 78 1) νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ „λ¬Έν™” 78 2) νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ λŒ€μ€‘ν™” 87 β…£. μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯ 94 1. μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯ μš”μΈ 94 1) κ΅­λ‚΄ : μ‹ μ²΄ν™œλ™μ˜ μžμœ μ™€ κ°€μ‘±μ˜ ν˜‘μ‘° 95 2) κ΅­μ™Έ : ν•΄μ™Έμ§„μΆœμ˜ ν—ˆμš©κ³Ό κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 지원 100 2. μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식 105 1) νžˆμž‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식 105 2) μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식 109 3. μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ„±μž₯의 효과 111 1) μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό κΈ°λŒ€ 111 2) νƒœκΆŒλ„λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„ 118 β…€. κ²°λ‘  및 μ œμ–Έ 123 1. μ΄λž€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ • 124 2. μ΄λž€ μ—¬μ„± νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ„±μž₯ 126 3. μ œμ–Έ 128 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 131 뢀둝 137 Abstract 139Maste

    Korean women`s life experiences and adaptation to old age

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ•„λ™ν•™κ³Ό,2002.Docto

    Growth of Korean Taekwondo Master Education: Exploration of the changing process

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ 체윑ꡐ윑과, 2023. 2. 졜의창.The purpose of this study is to understand the changes of each stage and the contents and characteristics of Korean Taekwondo master education(KTME) by exploring the growth step by step. The research questions were set as follows: First, what kind of education was provided for Korean Taekwondo masters at each stage. Second, what characteristics does KTME show step by step? The study was based on literature research. As of right after the liberation of Korea, when Taekwondo masters began to appear, quarterly Taekwondo magazines, books, and academic papers were collected and analyzed as data related to modern Taekwondo history, and four stages were divided. In addition, 13 Korean Taekwondo masters who experienced the period according to each stage were selected as interviewers and used as secondary data. In order to examine in detail the continuously changing of Taekwondo master education in Korea from the 1940s to the present, the age range of interviewers was expanded in various ways from the 1940s to the 1990s. From February 2021 to September 2022, research was conducted in the stages of research design, research progress, and results organization for a total of 19 months. The conclusions from the above process are as follows. First, KTME has grown under the influence of modern Korean history. The stages are showing continuous changes. The classification of each stage was divided based on the main situations of Korean society and the movement of the Korean Taekwondo field, and has changed under the influence of the domestic situation like modern Taekwondo history. KTME1.0 began with liberation. The founders of the 5 Kwans can be seen as the first generation Taekwondo masters, and Taekwondo education took root based on each Kwan to train students. The expansion of Kwans slowed due to the outbreak of the Korean War, but after that, the existing second and third generation disciples continued to dominate the Kwans, and as the importance of national defense increased after the war, Taekwondo education was actively implemented in the military. It is significant in educational history that early masters began to study educational materials by compiling martial arts books and Taekwondo textbooks. KTME2.0 was joined by the inauguration of Kim Un-yong, the 7th president of the Korea Taekwondo Association(KTA), and various Taekwondo promotion projects such as holding competitions. In addition, it was time for South Korea to step up its bid to host the 1986 Seoul Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics. In 1972, KTA officially conducted the the 1st Taekwondo Master Course" as a course for Taekwondo masters. The establishment of a Taekwondo department in a university has created a new curriculum for Taekwondo masters to cultivate their expertise. With the establishment of such an institutional device, it was possible to operate overseas dispatch projects only after completing the course. In accordance with the rapidly changing Korean society, the number of Taekwondo masters increased rapidly due to the increase in leisure activities and the adoption of Taekwondo's official Olympic sports, and changes occurred in KTME3.0. Due to the increasing number of Taekwondo departments in universities, the demand and supply of Taekwondo education reached its peak. Meanwhile, the Taekwondo Hanmadang Competition was held to change the atmosphere of the time when Taekwondo competition was focused on Kyorugi, raising interest in various skills such as Poomsae and Breaking. And, the existing official Taekwondo master qualification has been subdivided and diversified. KTME4.0 refers to a time when Taekwondo masters continue to demand education for self-development beyond the basic course of being educated to have expertise. They voluntarily visit various seminars to practice re-education on their own. Second, the professionalism of Korean Taekwondo masters is gradually improving through the growth process at each stage. KTME1.0 was a time when Taekwondo was learned through very strict training in a poor environment. Those who served as masters at the time were seniors(Seonbae), teachers(Kyobeom), and instructors(Sabeom) of each Dojangs. It can be seen that the role of Taekwondo masters was naturally born during this period. KTME2.0 was a transitional environment in the process of integrating various aspects after the formation of the association. Even at a time when strict training was still continuing, the black-belts served as masters, and those who completed the Taekwondo master course conducted by the association began to be clearly recognized as Taekwondo masters. As the reorganized skills were learned in master education, awareness of the role of Taekwondo masters began to increase. In KTME3.0, public interest in Taekwondo education was advanced, and Taekwondo education was conducted as part of physical education for children and teenagers in a freer environment than prior training. In accordance with the association's efforts to raise interest in various sports other than competition, various skills such as Poomsae, Breaking, and Self-defense began to be taught evenly at a Dojang. As Taekwondo departments and various qualification systems gradually increased, the role of Taekwondo masters expanded, but on the other hand, it also caused problems of excessive business competition. KTME4.0 shows a new aspect of education, which is challenging to survive in a variety of unpredictable environments such as low birth rates, an aging society, and a pandemic. Korean Taekwondo masters are already investing in various official and informal education beyond the existing master course or major. Masters who try and challenge new methods such as online class management and 1:1 personal training are preparing for the upcoming steps such as KTME4.1 and KTME4.2. Suggestions for KTME are as follows. First, universities and WTA should create an environment in which subsequent generation of Taekwondo can have practical experiences that can develop field experiences. And, it should be educated to have an essential thinking ability to insight into the role and educational value of Taekwondo masters. In addition, it is necessary to open a new class that develops masters education and editing skills in online space. Second, as a person who does Taekwondo education, academic research is needed so that Taekwondo masters can come up with alternatives to realize whole-person education by fusing the rapidly changing future society and Taekwondo's educational values.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 μ„±μž₯을 λ‹¨κ³„λ³„λ‘œ νƒμƒ‰ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‹œλŒ€λ³„ λ³€ν™” 양상을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 첫째, ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ€ 각 λ‹¨κ³„λ³„λ‘œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ ꡐ윑이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”κ°€?, λ‘˜μ§Έ, ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ€ λ‹¨κ³„λ³„λ‘œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ νŠΉμ§•μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ°€? 둜 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ¬Έν—Œμ—°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžκ°€ λ“±μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ ν•΄λ°© 직후λ₯Ό 기점으둜 ν˜„λŒ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ‚¬ κ΄€λ ¨ 자료둜써 γ€Žκ³„κ°„ νƒœκΆŒλ„θͺŒγ€, 단행본 및 ν•™μˆ  λ…Όλ¬Έ 등을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 총 4개의 λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 각 단계에 따라 ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κ²Œ κ²½ν—˜ν•œ κ΅­λ‚΄ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ„ 13λͺ… λ©΄λ‹΄μžλ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬ μΈν„°λ·°ν•˜μ—¬ 2μ°¨ 자료둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1940λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ„Έλ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ©΄λ‹΄μžμ˜ μ—°λ ΉλŒ€λ₯Ό 1940λ…„λŒ€ 생뢀터 1990λ…„λŒ€ μƒκΉŒμ§€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ„“ν˜”λ‹€. 2021λ…„ 2μ›”λΆ€ν„° 2022λ…„ 9μ›”κΉŒμ§€ 총 19κ°œμ›” κ°„ 연ꡬ 섀계, 연ꡬ 진행, κ²°κ³Ό μ •λ¦¬μ˜ λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ 연ꡬ가 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 과정을 톡해 밝힌 결둠은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ€ ν•œκ΅­ ν˜„λŒ€μ‚¬μ˜ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μœΌλ©° μ„±μž₯ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° κ·Έ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 크게 ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0으둜 지속적인 변화양상을 보이고 μžˆλ‹€. 각 단계별 ꡬ뢄은 ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ£Όμš” 상황과 νƒœκΆŒλ„κ³„μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆκ³ , ν˜„λŒ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ‚¬μ™€ 같이 κ΅­λ‚΄ μ‹œλŒ€μ  상황에 영ν–₯을 λ°›μœΌλ©° λ³€ν™”ν•΄μ™”λ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 1.0은 ν•΄λ°©κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 5λŒ€κ΄€ μ°½λ¦½μžλ“€μ„ 1μ„ΈλŒ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 있으며, 각 κ΄€(逨)을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑이 뿌리λ₯Ό 펼치며 제자λ₯Ό μ–‘μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ μ „μŸ 발발둜 κ΄€μ„Έμ˜ ν™•μž₯이 μ£ΌμΆ€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, κ·Έ ν›„ 기쑴의 2μ„ΈλŒ€, 3μ„ΈλŒ€ μ œμžλ“€μ΄ κ΄€μ˜ μ„Έλ ₯을 μ΄μ–΄κ°”μœΌλ©° μ „μŸ 이후 ꡭ방의 μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ§€λ©΄μ„œ κ΅°(軍)μ—μ„œλ„ νƒœκΆŒλ„ κ΅μœ‘μ„ 적극적으둜 μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 초창기 μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ 무예 μ„œμ  및 νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ본을 νŽΈμ°¬ν•˜λ©° ꡐ윑용 자료λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” 점이 κ΅μœ‘μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 2.0은 λŒ€ν•œνƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒ 제 7λŒ€ 회μž₯ κΉ€μš΄μš©μ˜ μ·¨μž„κ³Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ νƒœκΆŒλ„ λŒ€μ€‘ν™” 및 κ²½κΈ°ν™” 좔진 사업과 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ ν•œκ΅­μ€ 1986λ…„ μ„œμšΈ μ•„μ‹œμ•ˆκ²Œμž„κ³Ό 1988λ…„ μ„œμšΈ μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½λŒ€νšŒ 유치 등에 λ°•μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°€ν•  μ‹œκΈ°μ˜€λ‹€. ν˜‘νšŒλŠ” 1972λ…„ 제1κΈ° μ§€λ„μž κ°•μŠ΅νšŒλ₯Ό κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λ©° νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 의무 과정이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ν•™κ³Ό μ‹ μ„€λ‘œ 인해 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ 전문성을 함양할 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡐ윑 과정이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. 이와 같은 μ œλ„μ  μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ 마련됨으둜써 자격 과정을 μ΄μˆ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μ™Έ 파견 사업, νƒœκΆŒλ„μž₯ 운영 등이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 3.0은 κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜λŠ” ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒμ— λ°œλ§žμΆ”μ–΄ μ—¬κ°€ν™œλ™ 증가, νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½ 정식쒅λͺ© 채택 등에 따라 νƒœκΆŒλ„ 인ꡬ가 κΈ‰μ¦ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑의 ν˜„μž₯에도 λ³€ν™”κ°€ 일어났닀. 점차 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” νƒœκΆŒλ„ν•™κ³Όλ‘œ 인해 νƒœκΆŒλ„ μ „κ³΅μž λ°°μΆœλ„ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑의 μˆ˜μš”μ™€ 곡급이 μ΅œκ³ μ‘°μ— λ‹¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ νƒœκΆŒλ„ 겨루기 μ’…λͺ©μ— μΉ˜μ€‘λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ 풍토λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³ μž νƒœκΆŒλ„ ν•œλ§ˆλ‹Ή λŒ€νšŒκ°€ 열리며 ν’ˆμƒˆ, 격파 λ“±μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λͺ©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심이 λ†’μ•„μ‘Œλ‹€. 이와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 기쑴의 곡식적인 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž 자격 과정이 μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λ˜κ³  μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 4.0은 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ 전문성을 κ°–μΆ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ꡐ윑 λ°›λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ 절차λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μžκΈ°κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•΄ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. κ΄€κ³„κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ κ΄€λ ¨ ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨κ³Ό 사섀 λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ 곡인 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜λ₯Ό 자발적으둜 μ°Ύμ•„ λ‚˜μ„œλ©° 슀슀둜 μž¬κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ‹€μ²œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 각 단계별 μ„±μž₯과정을 거치며 ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ˜ 전문성이 점차 ν–₯μƒλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 1.0은 μ—΄μ•…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μ†μ—μ„œ 맀우 μ—„κ²©ν•œ μˆ˜λ ¨μ„ 톡해 νƒœκΆŒλ„λ₯Ό 배운 μ‹œκΈ°λ‘œ, λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ μ§€λ„μž 역할을 ν•œ 이듀은 각 도μž₯의 μ„ λ°°μ΄μž ꡐ범, 사범 λ“±μ˜ 직책을 뢀여받은 μœ λ‹¨μžλ“€μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 μ‹œκΈ°μ—λŠ” νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 역할이 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ νƒ„μƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€κ³  λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 2.0은 ν˜‘νšŒ κ²°μ„± 이후 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 츑면이 ν†΅ν•©λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 과도기적 ν™˜κ²½μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ—„κ²©ν•œ 수련이 μ΄μ–΄μ Έμ™”λ˜ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λ„ μœ λ‹¨μžλ“€μ΄ μ§€λ„μž 역할을 ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ν˜‘νšŒμ—μ„œ μ‹€μ‹œν•œ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ„ μˆ˜λ£Œν•œ μžλ“€μ΄ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ‘œμ„œ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 인정받기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž¬μ •λΉ„λœ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ 배우며 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ 인식이 높아지기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 3.0은 νƒœκΆŒλ„ κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 관심이 κ³ λ„ν™”λ˜λ©°, 기쑴의 μ—„μˆ™ν•˜λ˜ μˆ˜λ ¨λ³΄λ‹€ 자유둜운 ν™˜κ²½ μ†μ—μ„œ 어린이 및 μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 체윑의 μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œ νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. 겨루기 μ΄μ™Έμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λͺ©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심을 λ†’μ΄λ €λŠ” ν˜‘νšŒμ˜ λ…Έλ ₯에 따라 νƒœκΆŒλ„μž₯μ—μ„œλ„ ν’ˆμƒˆ, 격파, ν˜Έμ‹ μˆ  λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λͺ©μ„ 골고루 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 점차 νƒœκΆŒλ„ν•™κ³Όμ™€ 각쒅 μžκ²©μ œλ„κ°€ 증가함에 따라 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ κ°–μΆœ 수 μžˆλŠ” 자격이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 역할이 ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ κ³Όλ„ν•œ κ²½μŸκ΅¬λ„κ°€ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” 문제λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 4.0은 μ €μΆœμ‚°, κ³ λ Ήν™” μ‚¬νšŒ, 팬데믹 λ“± 예츑 λΆˆκ°€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μ†μ—μ„œ 살아남기 μœ„ν•΄ λ„μ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보여주고 μžˆλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ 이미 기쑴의 의무적인 μ „λ¬Έν™” 과정을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ 각쒅 곡식적·비곡식적 νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž λŒ€μƒ κ΅μœ‘μ— νˆ¬μžν•˜λ©° μžκΈ°κ°œλ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ˜¨λΌμΈμ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μ—… 운영, 1:1 집쀑 ꡐ윑 λ“± μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방식을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  λ„μ „ν•˜λŠ” μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 4.1, 4.2 λ“±μ˜ 단계λ₯Ό λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ œμ–Έμ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, 후속 μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ΄ ν˜„μž₯ κ²½ν—˜μ„ κΈ°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹€μ§ˆμ  κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ‹€μ±„λ‘­κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‘°μ„±ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžμ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό ꡐ윑적 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 톡찰 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 본질적인 μ‚¬μœ  λŠ₯λ ₯을 갖좔도둝 κ΅μœ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. λ˜ν•œ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ μ‚¬νšŒμ— λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ 온라인 곡간을 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ꡐ윑, νŽΈμ§‘ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κΈ°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž μ „λ¬Έ κ΅μœ‘κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μˆ˜μ—… κ°œμ„€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ‹€μ²œν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμ²΄μžλ‘œμ„œ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžκ°€ κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 미래 μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ˜ ꡐ윑적 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ΅ν•©μ‹œμΌœ 전인 κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ‹€ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 이와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•™μˆ μ  연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 1 2. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  6 3. 연ꡬ 문제 7 4. μš©μ–΄μ˜ μ •μ˜ 8 5. 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  10 1) νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 11 2) νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 17 3) νƒœκΆŒλ„ κ΄€λ ¨ λ³€μ²œκ³Όμ • 연ꡬ 25 4) μ‹œλŒ€Β·λ‹¨κ³„λ³„ λ°œμ „κ³Όμ • κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 30 6. 연ꡬ 방법 37 1) λ¬Έν—Œ 연ꡬ 37 2) 인터뷰 39 3) 연ꡬ 섀계 42 β…‘. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 1.0 44 1. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 λ‚΄μš© 44 1) κ΄€(逨)κ³Ό κ΅°(軍)의 νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑 44 2) λŒ€ν•œνƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒμ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑 52 2. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 νŠΉμ§• 58 1) μ—΄μ•…ν•œ ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μ—„κ²©ν•œ 수련 58 2) μˆ˜λ ¨μƒμ—μ„œ μ„ λ°°κ°€ λ˜μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μœ λ‹¨μž 62 β…’. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 2.0 65 1. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 λ‚΄μš© 65 1) λŒ€ν•œνƒœκΆŒλ„ν˜‘νšŒμ™€ κ΅­κΈ°μ›μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 65 2) λŒ€ν•™μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ν•™κ³Ό μ‹ μ„€ 76 2. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 νŠΉμ§• 79 1) 과도기적 ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ—„κ²©ν•œ 수련 79 2) 전문적인 μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ„ 받은 μœ λ‹¨μž 83 β…£. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 3.0 87 1. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 λ‚΄μš© 87 1) μ „λ¬Έ 자격으둜 자리 μž‘μ€ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 87 2) λ‹€μ–‘ν™”λœ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  95 2. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 νŠΉμ§• 100 1) 자유둜운 ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ νƒœκΆŒλ„ 수련 100 2) 전곡 지식과 μ „λ¬Έ μžκ²©μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž 103 β…€. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 4.0 112 1. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 λ‚΄μš© 112 1) νƒœκΆŒλ„ κ΄€κ³„κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 사업 114 2) 사섀 λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ ꡐ윑 μ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜ 120 4. ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 νŠΉμ§• 124 1) 예츑 λΆˆκ°€ν•œ ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°©μ‹μ˜ νƒœκΆŒλ„ 수련 124 2) λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 자기개발 ν•˜λŠ” νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž 128 β…₯. κ²°λ‘  및 μ œμ–Έ 135 1. κ²°λ‘  135 1) ν•œκ΅­ ν˜„λŒ€μ‚¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑 135 2) 전문성이 ν–₯μƒλ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž 142 2. μ œμ–Έ 145 1) 미래 μ‚¬νšŒμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž ꡐ윑의 λ°©ν–₯ 145 2) ν•œκ΅­ νƒœκΆŒλ„μ§€λ„μž κ΅μœ‘μ— κ΄€ν•œ 후속 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ 148 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 149 λΆ€ 둝 157 Abstract 159λ°•

    The Change of Quarterly Taekwondo Magazines: From Vol.1 to Vol.99

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    μ •λ ¬λœ λ‚˜λ…Έμž…μž 단일측 μœ„μ—μ„œμ˜ 블둝 κ³΅μ€‘ν•©μ²΄μ˜ λͺ¨ν΄λ‘œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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