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    ์ •์ฑ…๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ง‘ํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ: ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ… ์‹คํŒจ์™€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ํ•œ์ •ํ›ˆ.The refugee policy of a state has been studied as an outcome of its domestic political decision. Existing research found two patterns in states refugee acceptance: acceptance of refugees for its national economic interests or reluctance of refugees for the fear of disruption of a states ethnic homogeneity. However, a states refugee policy is not simply an output of domestic politics, but it is an outcome of constant tensions with the principles and norms of the global refugee regime. Considering its policy formation structure with its relations to the international refugee regime, this research applies a modified model of Matland to shed light on the effect of policy ambiguity. It compares the two countries refugee policies in the period of each countrys refugee crisis by establishing a firm basis of international refugee regime: South Korean refugee policy (2018-2020), as a case of a policy failure, contrary to German refugee policy (2015-2016), a case of policy success. South Korean policy failure is prompted by a cloud-like refugee status determination process and their access to legal entitlements due to deliberate policy ambiguity. This ambiguity largely appears in discord with the international refugee regime in its definition and categorization in the refugee act. Three major elements prompting policy ambiguity are found: large discretion to the implementation authority, legal fragmentation and contradiction in domestic laws, and the lack of available resources. Conversely, Germanys clock-like refugee status determination process and their access to legal entitlements fully endorse the international refugee regimes norms and principles. Moreover, it further crystallized and specified potential ambiguity in the process of internalization in the domestic legal sphere and amendment process. Finally, this researchs finding draws scholarly attention to the necessity to address the effect of deliberate ambiguity on policy failure in the South Korean refugee act by seeking German asylum act as a policy learning model for lowering ambiguity via the legislative process.๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋ ˆ์ง์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ๋ฐ ์›์น™๊ณผ์˜ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๋ ˆ์ง๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ์†์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งคํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์— ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฏผ์กฑ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ฑ…๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ (2018~2020)์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์™€ ๋…์ผ (2015~2016๋…„)์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ์˜๋„์  ์ •์ฑ…๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ง€์œ„๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ง€์œ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ฒด์ œ์™€์˜ ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ…๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ, ๊ฐ€์šฉ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋…์ผ์€ ์‹œ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ง€์œ„๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ง€์œ„์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ์ œ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๊ณผ ์›์น™์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ˜ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์ œํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜๋„์  ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ •์ฑ…์‹คํŒจ์— ๋ผ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•™๊ณ„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์˜จ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ๏ผ‘ 1.1 Research Background ๏ผ‘ 1.2 Research Objective ๏ผ” 1.3 Structure of the Thesis ๏ผ– CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY ๏ผ— 2.1 Research Question ๏ผ— 2.2 Variables and Indicators ๏ผ˜ 2.3 Research Method ๏ผ‘๏ผ“ CHAPTER III. REFUGEE POLICY SUCCESS AND FAILURE ๏ผ’๏ผ’ 3.1 International Refugee Regime and the 1951 Convention ๏ผ’๏ผ’ 3.2 Policy Success: German Asylum Policy ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 3.3 Policy Failure: South Korean Refugee Policy ๏ผ’๏ผ– 3.4 Debates on the Cause of the South Korea's Policy Failure ๏ผ’๏ผ˜ 3.4.1 Rule of Law and Democracy ๏ผ“๏ผ‘ 3.4.2 Comparison of the Refugee Legislative Act Structure ๏ผ“๏ผ” 3.4.3 Point of Departure: Ambiguity in Refugee Policy ๏ผ“๏ผ— CHAPTER IV. REFUGEE DEFINITION AND CATEGORIZATION ๏ผ“๏ผ™ 4.1 Introduction of the Chapter ๏ผ“๏ผ™ 4.2 Definition and Types of Refugees in the 1951 Convention ๏ผ”๏ผ 4.3 South Korea: Localization and Its Spill-Over ๏ผ”๏ผ’ 4.4 Germany: Full Acceptance and Systematic Categorization ๏ผ”๏ผ— 4.5 Sub-Conclusion ๏ผ•๏ผ’ CHAPTER V. REFUGEE RECOGNITION PROCEDURE ๏ผ•๏ผ• 5.1 Introduction of the Chapter ๏ผ•๏ผ• 5.2 Procedural Principles and Negative Decisions in the International Refugee Regime ๏ผ•๏ผ˜ 5.3 South Korea: Constant High Procedural Ambiguity and State Inaction ๏ผ•๏ผ™ 5.4 Germany: Lowering Ambiguity via Legislative Reforms ๏ผ–๏ผ’ 5.5 Comparison of Procedural Ambiguity ๏ผ–๏ผ“ 5.5.1 Pre-Asylum Application Stage and Port of Entry Procedure ๏ผ–๏ผ“ 5.5.2 Regular Procedure ๏ผ–๏ผ• 5.5.3 Negative Decision ๏ผ—๏ผ 5.5.4 Appeal Procedure ๏ผ—๏ผ‘ 5.6 Sub-Conclusion ๏ผ—๏ผ“ CHAPTER VI. REFUGE'S LEGAL ENTITLEMENTS ๏ผ—๏ผ— 6.1 Introduction of the Chapter ๏ผ—๏ผ— 6.2 The Legal Entitlements in the 1951 Convention ๏ผ—๏ผ˜ 6.3 South Korea: Constant Ambiguity Restricts Access to Entitlements ๏ผ˜๏ผ 6.4 Germany: Lowering Ambiguity for Comprehensive Entitlements ๏ผ˜๏ผ‘ 6.5 Comparison of Legal Entitlements by Category ๏ผ˜๏ผ” 6.5.1 Refugee Status Applicants ๏ผ˜๏ผ” 6.5.2 Protection Decision Beneficiaries ๏ผ™๏ผ“ 6.6 Sub-Conclusion ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ‘ CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ˜ 7.1 Conclusion ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ˜ 7.3 Research Implication ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๏ผ‘ 7.3 Discussion ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๏ผ“ BIBLIOGRAPHY ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๏ผ” ABSTRACT IN KOREAN ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ™Maste

    Effects of a continuous lateral turning device on pressure relief

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    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the pressure-relieving effects of a continuous lateral turning device on common pressure ulcer sites. [Subjects] Twenty-four healthy adults participated. [Methods] The design of our continuous lateral turning device was motivated by the need for an adequate pressure-relieving device for immobile and/or elderly people. The procedure of manual repositioning is embodied in our continuous lateral turning device. The interface pressure and time were measured, and comfort grade was evaluated during sessions of continuous lateral turning at 0ยฐ, 15ยฐ, 30ยฐ, and 45ยฐ. We quantified the pressure-relieving effect using peak pressure, mean pressure, and pressure time integration. [Results] Participants demonstrated pressure time integration values below the pressure-time threshold at 15ยฐ, 30ยฐ, and 45ยฐ at all the common pressure ulcer sites. Moreover, the most effective angles for pressure relief at the common pressure ulcer sites were 30ยฐ at the occiput, 15ยฐ at the left scapula, 45ยฐ at the right scapula, 45ยฐ at the sacrum, 15ยฐ at the right heel, and 30ยฐ at the left heel. However, angles greater than 30ยฐ induced discomfort. [Conclusion] Continuous lateral turning with our specially designed device effectively relieved the pressure of targeted sites. Moreover, the suggested angles of continuous lateral turning can be used to relieve pressure at targeted sites.ope

    Application of the health risk models for the incidence of skin cancer caused by UVB radiation : ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋น„๊ต

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    ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] CFCs(chlorofluro carbons)์˜ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์˜ ์˜ค์กด๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ UV์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค(Slaper, 1993). ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ƒ๊ณต์˜ ์˜ค์กด๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 4%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(์กฐํฌ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ, 1994), ์˜ค์กด๋Ÿ‰์˜ 1%์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” RAF(radiation amplification factor)๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  1.2๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(๊ถŒํšจ์ •, 1995). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ๋…ธ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” non-mel anomaํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์€ BCC(basal cell carcinoma)์™€ SCC(squamous cell carcinoma)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ถœํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ถ€์œ„์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ์˜ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ Robertson-Bergerํ˜• UV-Biometer(Mo.501)๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์—ฐ์ ์‚ฐ๊ฐ’์€ 2275MED/yr์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋กœ๋Š” 3328MED/yr๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธก์ •์น˜๋Š” ์œ„๋„์™€ ์ธก์ •๊ณ ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด์œ„ํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ญํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Power-model๊ณผ Exponential model, ์—ฐ๋ น์ธตํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ Age-specific model์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜•(plane)์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋ชจํ˜•๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ตฌํ˜•(sphere), ์ˆ˜์ง์›ํ†ตํ˜•(cylinder)์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ(%)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€(%)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Monte-Carlo Simulation์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ธ์ž์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ธ์ž์˜ ์ค‘์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„(sensitivity analysis)๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, Power model์€ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ Exponential model์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, BAF๊ฐ’์€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋กœ์จ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ น์—๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์—๋Š” ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Exponential model์€ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ Power model๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, BAF๊ฐ’์€ ์œ„๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž‘์€๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 1%์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”๋ฐœ์ƒ์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” BAF๋Š” ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜•(plane)์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ Power model์€ 1.56%, Exponential model์—์„œ๋Š” 1.05%, Age-specific model์—์„œ๋Š” 2.71%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ตฌํ˜•(sphere)์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ, 1.77%, 1.19%, 3.06%๋ฅผ, ์ˆ˜์ง์›ํ†ตํ˜•(cylinder)์—์„œ๋Š” 1.86%, 1.25%, 3.22%๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ์˜ Monte-carlo simulation์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Power model์€ Uniform์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด Uniform distribution์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. Exponential model์—์„œ๋Š” UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ‰, ์œ„๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจ์–‘์€ UVB์˜ Empirical data์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Age-specific model์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ(interaction)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์‚ฐ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„(sensitivity analysis)๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Power model์—์„œ๋Š” UVB์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 46.3%, ฮฒ๊ฐ€ 27.6%, RAF๊ฐ€ 26.1%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Exponential model์—์„œ๋Š” UVB์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 48.5%, ฮฒ๊ฐ€ 26.1%, RAF๊ฐ€ 25.4%์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. Age-specific model์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, UVB๊ฐ€ 23.37%, RAF๊ฐ€ 14.06%, K-scc๊ฐ€ 13.91%, c-bcc๊ฐ€ 13.32%, K-bcc๊ฐ€ 13.21%, a๊ฐ€ 12.40%, c-scc๊ฐ€ 9.73%์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ญํ•™์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ์–‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ์จ ํ™ฉ์ธ์ข…์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œจ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์ž๋ฃŒ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—† ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ UVB์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์—ญํ•™์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. UVB๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ํŒจํ„ด, ๋…ธ์ถœํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค‘์š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(scenario)๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฒด๋…ธ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(scenario)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์˜ ์—ญํ•™์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ถœ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(scenario)๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฒด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•” ์—ญํ•™์ž๋ฃŒ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” UVB๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œจ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] A decrease in stratospheric ozone probably caused by chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) emissions, has been observed large parts of the globe. It is generally accepted that if ozone levels in the stratospheric are depleted, greater amounts of shortwave ultraviolet radiation (UVB) will reach the earth's surface, resulting in increased incidence from nonmelanoma skin cancer. In this study, we evaluated several mathematical models, such as a power and an exponential model, and a geometric model considering the surface area of a human body part and ages for the prediction of skin cancer incidence caused by exposure to the UVB radiation. These models basically estimated the risk of skin cancer based on those measurements of the local ozone in stratospheric and UVB. Both were measured at a part of Seoul with a Dobson ozone spectrometer and Robertson-Berger UV Biometer for two year (1994 to 1995). As a result, we calculated the point estimation applying a biological amplification factor (BAF), UVB radiation and other factors. The distribution of UVB radiation was used by an empirical distribution measured in our city. To predict the distribution of skin cancer risk in an age stratum, factors including population behaviors and sensitivity from the UVB exposure were considered. In order to estimate the distribution, we used a Monte-Carlo simulation technique with assumption on the distribution of each considered factor. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted using the mean or median values of each parameter. Those values and its standard deviation were calculated from the simulation. The values of the radiation amplification factor (RAF) were ranged from 0.9 to 1.5 in Seoul. The annual integral of UVB radiation was 2275 MED/yr. Also, an estimate of the annual amount of UVB reaching the earth's surface at a korea's latitude and altitude was 3328MED/yr. This measured value was lower than another countries with the similar latitude and altitude. This study used a Power model, Exponential model and Age-specific model. The power model estimates are larger than the exponential model estimates for areas of lower UVB dose . Conversely, the exponential model estimates are larger than the power model estimates for areas of high UVB dose. The skin cancer incidence rate was incireased according to the increase of the age in Age-specific model. To give the effective factors required to model the prediction of skin cancer incidence caused by exposure to the UVB radiation in Korea, we studied the pros and cons of above mentioned models with the application of those parameters measured in Seoul, Korea.restrictio
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