26 research outputs found

    Multi-scale mechanical behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced composites

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    纤维增强复合材料(Fiber-reinforced composites, FRC)因具有极高的比强度和比模量在近几十年来备受关注,被广泛应用于各个领域。结合其舒适性、可设计的优势,更是在冲击防护领域得到了快速地发展。纤维复合材料防护装备的纤维体积分数一般在80%以上。因此,对纤维材料的深入研究是防护装备设计和制造的基础,具有重要意义。本文主要围绕高性能纤维单丝材料、纤维/树脂界面和FRC在高应变率加载下的力学响应以及多尺度表征进行了相关研究。建立了针对微米直径纤维单丝冲击加载实验技术,为微尺度纤维单丝及界面动态力学性能表征提供了有效的实验手段,系统揭示了弹道侵彻条件下纤维单丝及基体的耗能机制;发展了曲面纤维增强复合材料抗侵彻性能分析方法,获得了防护性能的主控参数及其影响规律,为曲面防弹复合材料设计与制备提供了基本依据;初步建立了基于机器学习的高性能纤维增强复合材料侵彻高效计算模型,为防弹复合材料性能预测和高效设计提供了新的途径。主要研究内容包括: 1.针对纤维单丝的动态拉伸性能,改进了微型霍普金森杆实验装置,使用高灵敏度的压电式力传感器代替透射杆,并在入射杆端部增加吸收长杆,使其可以对微米直径纤维单丝的动态力学性能进行高效、准确地测量,并结合扫描电子显微镜观察到的形貌特征,解释了拉伸强度的应变率敏感性及机制。 2.针对纤维单丝受高速横向冲击载荷下的动力学行为,从纤维单丝吸能的角度出发,对物理过程进行了理论推导,获得了横向冲击吸能与纤维单丝横波波速间的定量关系,提出了纤维材料弹道防护性能的评价指标。在此基础上,改进了激光驱动微颗粒冲击实验装置,建立了激光驱动微锥形变形体对微米直径纤维单丝高速横向冲击实验方法,通过测量图像中锥形变形体速度和横波波速来评估纤维单丝在高速横向冲击下的耗能行为。 3.使用多胺改性的方法对纤维表面进行处理,得到了改性对于纤维表面的元素及化学键的影响规律。进一步使用改进的微型霍普金森拉杆对界面的动态力学性能进行了测试,得到了界面剪切强度和刚度等参数。在此基础上,建立了细观代表性体积单元,研究了改性方法、纤维含量和树脂不均匀性对于宏观单层板性能的影响。 4.使用量纲分析给出了FRC抗侵彻性能的主控因素,并建立了复合材料侵彻宏观计算模型,探究了无量纲曲率半径和无量纲面密度对弹道极限速度的影响规律,给出了经验计算公式。并在此基础上研究了复合材料铺层角度对于抗侵彻性能的影响规律。 5.使用机器学习方法研究了复合材料微结构与复合材料抗侵彻性能之间的关联。通过数值模拟建立了机器学习模型数据库,获得了降阶后的数据库主要特征,分析了不同算法及不同参数对于预测模型的影响,明确了预测纤维增强复合材料防护性能的有效预测模型和参数。</p

    Disruption of large-scale brain networks in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

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    摘要:静息态功能磁共振成像作为非侵入性可视化成像方法,且数据采集简便易行,已成为探索阿尔兹海默症及轻度认知障碍脑功能变异的主要成像手段。近年来静息态研究显示在其前驱症状期轻度认知障碍阶段患者已显现出静息态脑网络的变异,而阿尔兹海默症患者的网络改变更加弥散。研究发现随着病程推进,患者显示出默认网络连接逐渐减弱以及额叶认知网络连接先增强后减弱的整体趋势。此外,脑结构和功能网络的改变并非单向因果关系,二者在病程进展中存在交互作用。未来研究可以从诊断的标志性神经通路、疗效的大尺度脑网络标记,以及疾病的异质性等角度入手,进一步探索静息态脑网络作为阿尔兹海默症诊断和病程监控指标的可能性。</p

    大城市中心效应地位与城市交通拥堵问题

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    交通拥堵是城市化发展的一种派生物,不仅仅是交通系统自身的问题。治理交通拥堵需要分散交通流。然而大城市分散交通流缓解城市交通拥堵的同时,又需要不与提高城市竞争力的目标相违背。通过分析分散交通流的主要途径,进一步探究大城市中心地位的形成、多中心与公司总部、中心城市与功能混合以及中心地之间的轨道交通连接等问题。当城市按照产业集聚形成不同的多中心布局后,有效的功能混合将减少交通流的产生,轨道交通的连接将分担道路交通流的压力

    Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Several High-Performance Single Fibers

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    High-performance fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are widely used in bulletproof structures, in which the mechanical properties of the single fibers play a crucial role in ballistic resistance. In this paper, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of three commonly used fibers, single aramid III, polyimide (PI), and poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fibers are measured by a small-scale tensile testing machine and mini-split Hopkinson tension bar (mini-SHTB), respectively. The results show that the PBO fiber is superior to the other two fibers in terms of strength and elongation. Both the PBO and aramid III fibers exhibit an obvious strain-rate strengthening effect, while the tensile strength of the PI fiber increases initially, then decreases with the increase in strain rate. In addition, the PBO and aramid III fibers show ductile-to-brittle transition with increasing strain rate, and the PI fiber possesses plasticity in the employed strain rate range. Under a high strain rate, a noticeable radial splitting and fibrillation is observed for the PBO fiber, which can explain the strain-rate strengthening effect. Moreover, the large dispersion of the strength at the same strain rate is observed for all the single fibers, and it increases with increasing strain rate, which can be ascribed to the defects in the fibers. Considering the effect of strain rate, only the PBO fiber follows the Weibull distribution, suggesting that the hypothesis of Weibull distribution for single fibers needs to be revisited

    Research on High Precision Surface Grinding System for Large Scale Optical Lens

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    以实现高精度、高效率、高自动化程度加工为目的,基于高精度平面磨床Mgk7160的加工系统,详细分析了加工规划控制、计算机辅助制造软件系统开发、砂轮修整及动平衡、在位测量等关键配套工艺技术。在已有设备及配套工艺基础上利用400#粒度金刚石圆弧砂轮,实现口径400MMx400MM平面光学元件的加工,获得了较好的加工精度,验证了机床及加工技术系统的可靠性。Ultra precision grinding with diamond wheel is widely used for manufacture of large scale optical lens,especially for deterministic batch processing.This paper presented a surface grinding system based on large-scale NC precision surface grinder(MGK7160) to obtain the high machining accuracy,efficiency and automatic level.Then some key technologies,such as diamond wheel truing,dynamic balance,on-machine measurement,CAM software were detailedly realized.The experiments for 400mm*400mm optical lens using 400# grinding wheel were carried out,and the results well reflect that the developed grinding system based on surface grinding machine can perform precision machining of large-scale advanced optical elements with fine reliability.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助重点项目(2008AA042501);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50905150

    湖泊沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类的GC/MS分析

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    东湖沉积物阴干后用二氯甲烷溶剂萃取,用DB-5弹性石英毛细管柱GC/MS分离鉴定,并结合m/z149质量色谱图,确证东湖沉积物中含有9种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,它们是邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、二异丁酯、二正丁酯、二己酯、己基辛基酯、二-(2-乙基己基)酯、二辛酯、己基癸基酯和辛基癸基酯,其特征离子及峰度见表1

    南极拉斯曼丘陵湖泊水化学特征

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    本文介绍南极拉斯曼丘陵湖泊水化学特征。对13个湖泊的调查和统计分析表明,湖水以Na+和Cl-为主要优势离子,不含有CO32-离子,营养物质(N、P、SiO2)在湖水中普遍偏低,而且湖水和雪样无机氮组分均以NH4+为主,水化学类型比较单一,都属氯化物Na+型贫营养水体。Na+、Cl-、SO42-的高浓度,特别是Big湖、莫愁湖和Heart湖水中离子含量明显的高,指示拉斯曼丘陵地区的降水来源以海洋气团为主,并受海洋环境影响强烈。微量元素分布在0.01~2.0&mu;g/l之间,接近于水圈这些元素的浓度值

    南极拉斯曼丘陵湖泊水化学特征

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    本文介绍南极拉斯曼丘陵湖泊水化学特片,对13个湖泊的调查和统计分析表明,湖水以Na^+和Cl^-为主要优势离子,不含有CO3^2-离子,营养物质在湖水中最普遍偏低,而且湖水和雪样无机氮组分均以NH4^+为主,水化学类型比较单一,都属氯化物Na^+型营养水体

    A machine learning model for predicting the ballistic impact resistance of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite plate

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    It has been a vital issue to ensure both the accuracy and efficiency of computational models for analyzing the ballistic impact response of fiber-reinforced composite plates (FRCP). In this paper, a machine learning (ML) model is established in an effort to bridge the ballistic impact protective performance and the characteristics of microstructure for unidirectional FRCP (UD-FRCP), where the microstructure of the UD-FRCP is characterized by the two-point correlation function. The results showed that the ML model, after trained by 175 cases, could reasonably predict the ballistic impact energy absorption of the UD-FRCP with a maximum error of 13%, indicating that the model can ensure both computational accuracy and efficiency. Besides, the model's critical parameter sensitivities are investigated, and three typical ML algorithms are analyzed, showing that the gradient boosting regression algorithm has the highest accuracy among these algorithms for the ballistic impact problem of UD-FRCP. The study proposes an effective solution for the traditional difficulty of the ballistic impact simulation of composites with both high efficiency and accuracy
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