Chemical component in camellia cake against ultraviolet rays radiation damage on skin cells

目的分离纯化油茶粕中抗皮肤细胞紫外损伤活性成分。方法硅胶色谱和高效液相反相制备色谱纯化油茶粕正丁醇提取物,WESTErn-blOTTIng法检测纯化物质对uV照射HA CA T皮肤细胞Jnk、P38激活以及MMP-9的表达的影响。结果分离得到一单体化合物,经鉴定为kAEMPfErOl 3-O-{β-d-gluCOPyrAnOSyl-(1->2)-[α-l-rHAMnOPyrAnOSyl-(1->6)]-β-d-gluCOPyrAnOSIdE},且该化合物能够抑制HA CA T皮肤细胞uV照射后Jnk、P38激活以及MMP-9表达。结论油茶粕含有抗皮肤细胞紫外损伤活性成分,值得进一步开发。Objective To isolate the chemical component of camellia cake against ultraviolet rays radiation damage on skin cells.Methods Silica gel column chromatography and reverse phase preparative HPLC were used for the isolation of active compounds from the n-butanol extract of camellia cake.The effects of isolated compound on the activation of JNK and P38,and the protein expression of MMP-9 in UV irradiated Ha Ca J skin cells were determined by western blotting assay.Results A flavonoid glycoside was isolated from the camellia cake and identified as Kaempferol 3-O-{ β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1-> 2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1-> 6) ]-β-D-glucopyranoside} using NMR dada analysis.In addition,the isolated compound was showed to markedly inhibit the activation of JNK and P38,and MMP-9 protein expression in UV irradiated Ha Ca J skin cells.Conclusion The components in camellia cake might have significant activity on protecting skin from UV rays radiation damage,suggesting their potential development values.国家自然科学基金(No.81102332); 福建省厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20123015

灌丛化草原：一种新的植被景观

灌丛化草原指灌木植物在草原基质上形成的团块状散布的斑块植被景观,它是在干旱半干旱地区出现的一种新的植被类型。作为灌草连续体,灌丛化草原中的灌木斑块与间隙处的草本斑块共同决定着该植被类型的群落学和生态学特征。笔者评述了灌丛化草原的分布、可能的形成原因、植被结构、物种组成及碳收支等结构特征及生态功能

中国脑小血管病的神经影像学诊断标准及名词标准化定义——来自中国卒中学会的专家共识 Neuroimaging Diagnostic Criteria and Standardized Definition of Terms for Small Vessel Disease in China—Expert Consensus from the Chinese Stroke Association

脑小血管病（small vessel disease，SVD）是一类以脑内小血管受损为主的临床影像综合征，可能会导致卒中、血管性认知障碍、神经心理疾病与其他功能障碍等。自2013年血管性神经病变的影像报告标准（standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging，STRIVE）发布以来，SVD的神经影像学特征得到了初步的分类与标准化。然而，在临床实践与科学研究中，对SVD影像特征的认识和应用仍存在诸多不一致和不规范之处。随着对SVD病理生理机制的深入探索与影像技术的不断进步，新的SVD影像特征和定量标志物被相继发现，为SVD的诊断和评估提供了更为全面且精准的信息。在此基础上，STRIVE-2应运而生，以期能更全面地揭示SVD对脑功能与结构的影响。为了规范中国SVD的神经影像学评估和诊断，本共识将在STRIVE-2的基础上，结合中国具体国情，对SVD的神经影像学特征进行深入解读，旨在推动SVD影像学诊断术语的标准化，提高临床诊断的准确性，进一步促进相关领域的研究与进步。 Abstract: Small vessel disease (SVD) is a clinical and imaging syndrome characterized by damage to small blood vessels in the brain, which can lead to stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, neuropsychological diseases, and other functional impairments. Since the publication of the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging (STRIVE) in 2013, the neuroimaging features of SVD have been preliminarily classified and standardized. However, there are still inconsistencies and lack of standardization in the understanding and application of SVD imaging features in clinical practice and scientific research. With the deepening exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of SVD and the continuous advancement of imaging technology, new imaging features and quantitative biomarkers of SVD have been discovered, providing more comprehensive and accurate information for the diagnosis and assessment of SVD. Based on this, the STRIVE-2 has been developed to comprehensively reveal the effects of SVD on brain function and structure. In order to standardize the neuroimaging evaluation and diagnosis of SVD in China, this consensus will provide a detailed interpretation of the neuroimaging features of SVD based on the STRIVE-2, combined with the specific national conditions of China, aiming to promote the standardization of the terms of SVD imaging diagnosis, improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, and further promote the research and progress in related fields