Potential impacts of pandemics on global warming, agricultural production, and biodiversity loss

The rising frequency of infectious diseases under climate change poses an emerging threat to environmental and agricultural sustainability by consuming large quantities of materials. The demand for crops to produce personal protective equipment (PPE) competes for land and fertilizers, leads to cropland expansion, and accelerates climate change, but the ecological impacts remain unclear. Here we explore the impacts of pandemics on global warming, agricultural production, and biodiversity loss in an Earth system model by developing relationships between consumption of PPE and the rate of infection during COVID-19. Meeting the demand for PPE would increase production of cotton lint, corn, and natural rubber, which accelerates global warming by 0.2°C with 1.8% additional species losses by 2100. Our results suggest that the risks of public health, food security, climate change, and ecological integrity have been connected to each other, which should be considered when predicting the impacts of future pandemics

煤灰/K_2CO_3/Fe_2O_3对脱矿无烟煤燃点与燃烧速率的影响(英文)

考察了煤灰/K2CO3/Fe2O3及其之间的相互作用对酸洗无烟煤燃点和燃烧速率的影响。不同温度下制备的煤灰显示了不一样的性质(如化学组成、颜色和形貌)。脱矿无烟煤(负载和非负载催化剂)的燃烧反应性测试在热重分析仪(TGDTG)中完成,结果表明,煤灰本身对酸洗无烟煤的燃点几乎没有影响,而高温下制备的煤灰能够明显提高酸洗无烟煤的燃烧速率。当煤灰和K2CO3或者Fe2O3的混合物加入酸洗无烟煤中作为燃烧催化剂时,可以看出与单独使用K2CO3或Fe2O3相比,煤灰的加入明显导致酸洗煤的燃烧速率下降,而对其燃点影响不大。同样,K2CO3和Fe2O3之间的相互作用也能够对酸洗无烟煤的燃烧速率产生负面影响

武汉市后官湖水环境问题和污染防治对策分析

武汉市后官湖因流域城镇化迅速发展,水环境状况日渐恶化。首先对后官湖水质历史和现状分析,得出TP、TN和COD_(Mn)为主要超标因子。再结合流域土地利用现状、湖泊污染特征及其行政区划等,将后官湖流域划分成5个污染控制区(H1、H2、H3、H4和H5污染控制区),对各污染控制区中点源、面源污染进行分析,得出点源和农村生活为流域最重要污染源,两源共计排放COD_(Mn)、TN、TP和NH_3-N占整个流域污染的82. 9%,76%,78%和80.8%。污染控制区贡献量中,COD_(Mn)最大为H4(25.7%)和H3 (23. 97%) ; TN最大为H3(30.28%)和H4 (25.31%);TP 最大为 H4(29.33%)和 H2(25. 62%) ;NH_3-N 最大为 H3(31.77%)和 H4(24. 44%).单位面积入湖强度中,H3区域 COD_(MN)、TN、TP 和 NH_3-N 强度最大,分别为35. 57 t/(a ? km~2),6. 87 t/(a ? km~2),0.85 t/(a ?km~2)和5.57 t/(a? km~2),表现出污染强度“西低东高”的污染特征。针对上述污染特征本研究提出后官湖流域和各个分区污染防治对策,并对基于流域分区控制下污染物人湖量进行了测算

武汉市后官湖水环境问题和污染防治对策分析

武汉市后官湖因流域城镇化迅速发展,水环境状况日渐恶化。首先对后官湖水质历史和现状分析,得出TP、TN和COD_(Mn)为主要超标因子。再结合流域土地利用现状、湖泊污染特征及其行政区划等,将后官湖流域划分成5个污染控制区(H1、H2、H3、H4和H5污染控制区),对各污染控制区中点源、面源污染进行分析,得出点源和农村生活为流域最重要污染源,两源共计排放COD_(Mn)、TN、TP和NH_3-N占整个流域污染的82. 9%,76%,78%和80.8%。污染控制区贡献量中,COD_(Mn)最大为H4(25.7%)和H3 (23. 97%) ; TN最大为H3(30.28%)和H4 (25.31%);TP 最大为 H4(29.33%)和 H2(25. 62%) ;NH_3-N 最大为 H3(31.77%)和 H4(24. 44%).单位面积入湖强度中,H3区域 COD_(MN)、TN、TP 和 NH_3-N 强度最大,分别为35. 57 t/(a ? km~2),6. 87 t/(a ? km~2),0.85 t/(a ?km~2)和5.57 t/(a? km~2),表现出污染强度“西低东高”的污染特征。针对上述污染特征本研究提出后官湖流域和各个分区污染防治对策,并对基于流域分区控制下污染物人湖量进行了测算