Analysis of Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Patients With Cirrhosis and Nursing Countermeasures of Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的探究肝硬化患者产生医院感染的危险因素,并采用中医预防及护理对策,为临床防控医院感染提供参考。方法收集2014年10月1日—2016年10月31日住院治疗的176例肝硬化患者资料,回顾性分析医院感染产生的危险因素,并总结中医预防及护理对策。结果176例肝硬化患者中有5例发生医院感染,其感染率是2.84%,感染部位主要有三种,即肺部感染、胃肠道及腹腔感染,其中,居于感染部位首位的是肺部感染3例（60%）,其次为肠道感染1例（20%）和腹腔感染1例（20%）。5例感染病例均采样送细菌培养,检出4株病原菌,分别为2株的肺炎克雷伯菌（50%）,1株的大肠埃希菌（25%）,1株金黄色葡萄球菌（25%）。年龄≥55岁,住院时间≥30 d、侵入性操作、预防用药、肝功能评级高、合并肝炎是肝硬化患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论针对肝硬化患者发生医院感染的危险因素,采取相应的中医预防及护理,增强身体免疫能力,可提高肝硬化患者生活质量,促进疾病恢复。Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis, and to take preventive and nursing measures toprovide reference for the clinical prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods The data of 176 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis from October 1, 2014 to October 31, 2016 were collected. The risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed retrospectively, and the countermeasures of prevention and nursing were also summarized. Results There were 5 cases of nosocomial infection occurred in 176 cases of cirrhosis patients, the infection rate was 2.84%, the main infection sites had three kinds, namely, pulmonary infection, gastrointestinal and abdominal infection. Among them, the first place of infection was pulmonary infection（3 cases,60%）, followed by intestinal infection（1 case,20%） and abdominal cavity infection（1 case,20%）. 5 cases of infection were sampled for bacterial culture. 4 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae（50%）, 1 strain of Escherichia coli（25%）, and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus（25%）. 55 years of age or older, more than 30 days hospitalization, invasive operation, prophylactic antibiotics use, the liver function rating was high, complicated hepatitis,were the risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis.Conclusion According to the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis, we should take corresponding prevention and care of the traditional Chinese medicine to enhance the ability of body immunity,improve the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis, and promote the recovery of disease

Structural Recombination of Polymethylsilicone Induced by Laser Plasma

[中文文摘]将脉冲激光束在惰性气氛中溅射石墨产生的等离子体,与一维链状聚甲基硅氧烷的蒸气束流反应 ,在产物中通过真空升华和重结晶分离出了两种单晶,经X射线衍射测定为具有 (CH3SiO1.5) n(n =8,10 )组成的硅氧烷,它们均具有多面体的三维笼状构型 .通过色 -质联用还检测到其它硅氧烷化合物,其中某些产物已表征为二维多环的构型.反应结果表明,经由激光等离子体的碰撞和能量传递,反应物的链状结构发生解离和进一步反应,经结构重组形成了多种不同组成和构型的产物。[英文文摘]A special synthetic reaction has been developed, in which vapor of the reactant interacts with the high temperature plasma generated by laser ablating a graphite target. By selecting chained methylsilicone as reactant, a series of methylsilsesquioxanes products with various structural configurations have been obtained. Among them, two products, which were separated by sublimation in high vacuum and recrystalization, were characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction as (CH_3SiO_ 1.5)_n (n=8,10). Both of them are found to have three-dimensional cage structure.In addition,other products with double ring structure were detected by GC-MS analysis.The results demonstrate the potential application of the synthetic reaction.In the reaction described in this article,resulting from the collision and energy-transfer of the laser plasma,chain structure of the reactant dissociated and recombined to give the cage and ring structure of the product.国家自然科学基金重大项目(29890210)资助课

Size Distribution of Particle and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Particle Emissions from Simulated Emission Sources

采用再悬浮箱模拟得到不同粒径的烹调油烟、生物质和塑料燃烧烟尘、汽车尾气和发电机烟气等颗粒,并用gC/MS对不同粒径颗粒中18种多环芳烃(PAHS)进行了分析.结果表明,烹调油烟中颗粒物存在0.44~1.0μM和2.5~10μM两个峰值,稻草和木材燃烧排放烟尘只有0.44~1.0μM一个峰值,塑料燃烧排放烟尘的峰值不明显,汽车尾气尘因含有大量的水汽导致其粒径峰值出现在2.5~10μM,而发电机排放的烟尘约93%集中在≤2.5μM的粒径范围.烹调油烟和汽车尾气尘中低环数PAHS在2.5~10μM范围内的峰值明显;随环数增加,0.44~1.0μM范围内的峰值变得明显;不同排放源亚微米颗粒中单一PAH占全部颗粒态中该PAH的比例都呈现随分子量的增大而增大的趋势.烹调油烟和燃烧排放颗粒中PAHS的组成以菲占主导,但汽车尾气和发电机烟尘中含量最高的PAHS分别是萘和苯并[g,H,I]苝.来源特征比值的比较显示,烹调油烟与生物质燃烧颗粒中PAHS的源特征较为接近,但两者都不同于汽车尾气和发电机烟尘.Particles from cooking lampblack,biomass and plastics burning smoke,gasoline vehicular exhausts and gasoline generator exhausts were prepared in a resuspension test chamber and collected using a cascade MOUDI impactor.A total of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) associated with particles were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that there were two peaks in the range of 0.44-1.0 μm and 2.5-10 μm for cooking lampblack,and only one peak in the range of 0.44-1.0 μm for straw and wood burning smoke.But there were no clear peak for plastics burning smoke.The peak for gasoline vehicular exhausts was found in the range of 2.5-10 μm due to the influence of water vapor associated with particles,while the particles from gasoline generator exhausts were mainly in the range of ≤2.5 μm( accounting for 93% of the total mass).The peak in 2.5-10 μm was clear for cooking lampblack and gasoline vehicular exhausts.The peak in the range of 0.44-1.0 μm became more and more apparent with the increase of PAHs molecular weight.The fraction of PAH on particles less than 1.0 μm to that on the total particles increased along with PAH's molecular weight.Phenanthrene was the dominant compound for cooking lampblack and combustion smoke,while gasoline vehicular exhausts and generator exhausts were characterized with significantly high levels of naphthalene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, respectively.The distribution of source characteristic ratios indicated that PAHs from cooking lampblack and biomass burning were close and they were different from those of vehicular exhausts and generator exhausts.国家自然科学基金项目(40971257;41171365); 环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009004

Structural recombination of polymethylsilicone induced by laser plasma

A special synthetic reaction has been developed, in which vapor of the reactant interacts with the high temperature plasma generated by laser ablating a graphite target. By selecting chained methylsilicone as reactant, a series of methylsilsesquioxanes products with various structural configurations have been obtained. Among them, two products, which were separated by sublimation in high vacuum and recrystalization, were characterized by X - ray crystal diffraction as (CH3SiO1.5)(n)(n = 8, 10). Both of them are found to have three - dimensional cage structure. In addition, other products with double ring structure were detected by GC - MS analysis. The results demonstrate the potential application of the synthetic reaction. In the reaction described in this article, resulting from the collision and energy - transfer of the laser plasma, chain structure of the reactant dissociated and recombined to give the cage and ring structure of the products

Glow discharge synthesis and molecular structures of perchlorofluoranthene and other perchlorinated fragments of buckminsterfullerene

Huang, RB (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R ChinaA series of perchlorinated fragments of buckminsterfullerene were prepared by glow discharge using chloroform vapor; their structural features are of significance in understanding the formation mechanism of fullerenes

pH-Induced Simultaneous Synthesis and Self-Assembly of 3D Layered beta-FeOOH Nanorods

Higher-ordered architectures self-assembly of nanomaterials have recently attracted increasing attention. In this work, we report a spontaneous and efficient route to simultaneous synthesis and self-assembly of 3D layered beta-FeOOH nanorods depending oil a pH-induced strategy, in which the continuous change of pH is achieved by hydrolysis of FeCl3 center dot 6H(2)O in the presence of urea under hydrothermal conditions. The electron microscopy observations reveal that the square-prismic beta-FeOOH nanorods are self-assembled ill a side-by-side fashion to form highly oriented 2D nanorod arrays, and the 2D nanorod arrays are further stacked in a face-to-face fashion to form the Final 3D layered architectures. Oil the basis of time-dependent experiments, a multistage reaction mechanism for the formation of the 3D layered beta-FeOOH nanorods architecture is presented, involving the fast growth and synchronous self-assembly of the nanorods toward I D, 213, and 3D spontaneously. The experimental evidence further demonstrates that the urea-decomposition-dependent pH continuously changing in the Solution, spontaneously altering the driving force competition between the electrostatic repulsive force and the attractive van der Waals force among the nanorods building blocks, is the essential factor to influence the self-assembly of the beta-FeOOH nanorods from 1D to 3D.NSFC,20525103,20801045,20531050,20725310 973 Program 2007CB81530

On Assembling Polychlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons from carbon tetrachloride via dichlorocarbene intermediary by a solvothermal reaction: A reaction pattern from carbene-ylide interconversion

The forced one-electron reduction of carbon tetrachloride with sodium in a sealed steel vessel is shown to have a narrow window of conditions to arrest the reaction at the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCAHs), as well as to prevent the reaction from proceeding all the way to the final stage of graphite and other carbon solids. The intermediates are quenched with toluene or benzene to give electrophilic substitution products and with water to give a quinomethine as the major product. The product pattern leads us to propose the carbene, perchlorobenzo[c,d]pyren-6-ylidene, or its reversible dimer as the major intermediate among others, that survives the severe conditions until coming into contact with these nucleophiles. Mainly from aromatic resonance stabilization, the carbene is proposed to have a delocalized singlet state analogous to a ylide electronic structure and, thus, undergoes observed ionic reactions instead of typical carbene reactions. This work serves as a mechanistic link on the structural evolution of carbon networks between molecular chemistry and nanomaterial chemistry

Studies of the Formation of Carbon Clusters

通讯作者地址: Huang, RB (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R ChinaExperimental and theoretical studies focusing on the formation of carbon clusters are described. In the experiment on discharge in liquid chloroform, a series of perchlorinated fragments of C-60 was synthesized and a scarce amount of C-60 was detected. In the laser vaporization experiments, it was found that the production of C-60(+) and other fullerene ions could be promoted by doping chlorine-containing compounds into carbon targets. Chlorine atoms were found to play key roles of not only tying up the dangling bonds of the polycyclic carbon clusters. but also catalyzing the formation of fullerenes. The results showed that C-60 and other fullerenes are formed from growth of small carbon species and supported the "Pentagon Road" scheme of the fullerene formation mechanism. On the other hand, ab initio calculations were carried out on formation reactions of C-60 from its various perchlorinated fragments, C-60 (2m) Cl-10. The monotonically decreasing calculated energies of reactions with growing size of the fragments confirm that the formation reaction is energetically favourable

Facile and straightforward synthesis of superparamagnetic reduced graphene oxide–Fe3O4 hybrid composite by a solvothermal reaction

E-mail Addresses: [email protected] superparamagnetic reduced graphene oxide-Fe3O4 hybrid composite (rGO-Fe3O4) was prepared via a facile and straightforward method through the solvothermal reaction of iron (III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)(3)) and graphene oxide (GO) in ethylenediamine (EDA) and water. By this method, chemical reduction of GO as well as the formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) can be achieved in one step. The Fe3O4 NPs are firmly deposited on the surfaces of rGO, avoiding their reassembly to graphite. The rGO sheets prevent the agglomeration of Fe3O4 NPs and enable a uniform dispersion of these metal oxide particles. The size distribution and coverage density of Fe3O4 NPs deposited on rGO can be controlled by varying the initial mass ratio of GO and iron precursor, Fe(acac)(3). With an initial mass ratio of GO and Fe(acac)(3) of 5:5, the surfaces of rGO sheets are densely covered by spherical Fe3O4 NPs with an average size of 19.9 nm. The magnetic-functionalized rGO hybrid exhibits a good magnetic property and the specific saturation magnetization (M-S) is 13.2 emu g(-1). The adsorption test of methylene blue from aqueous solution demonstrates the potential application of this rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid composite in removing organic dyes from polluted water.National Key Basic Research Program of China 2013CB933901 National Natural Science Foundation of China 21171140 21021061 21031004 U1205111 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2011121013 2012121020 NFFTBS J103041

Single-crystal-like hematite colloidal nanocrystal clusters: synthesis and applications in gas sensors, photocatalysis and water treatment

A facile and efficient one-pot solvothermal synthetic route based on a simplified self-assembly is proposed to fabricate spherical hematite colloidal nanocrystal clusters (CNCs) of uniform shape and size. The as-prepared hematite CNCs are composed of numerous nanocrystals of approximately 20 nm in size, and present a single-crystal-like characteristic. A possible formation process based on the nucleation-oriented aggregation-recrystallization mechanism is proposed. Our experiments demonstrated that both the surfactant and the mixed solvent play very critical roles in controlling the size of primary nanocrystals and the final morphology of single-crystal-like spherical CNCs. Compared with other hematite nanostructures, the spherical hematite CNCs show outstanding performance in gas sensing, photocatalysis and water treatment due to their large surface area and porous structure. In addition, interesting tertiary CNCs formed by further assembly of secondary spherical CNCs were observed for the first time.NNSFC,20525103,20531050,20721001,20725310,20801045,2007CB81530