果蝇的热休克反应

热休克反应最早在果蝇中发现,其过程伴随着一系列特殊蛋白——热休克蛋白(HSPs)的增量表达。热休克蛋白包括多个家族,它们在热休克反应中表现出复杂的表达调控机制,并具有组织和发育阶段特异性。研究热休克反应具有重要的生物学意义,在医学、工业等的应用前景十分广阔。教育部留学回国人员启动基金和厦门大学基金K16094资

Enhancement of capacity in applied biometry in East and southern Africa

Biometric skills in developing countries are inadequate to support the changing priorities of agricultural research with the consequence that the quality of research aimed at increasing food security and alleviating poverty is often deficient because it lacks good statistical design" (CTA, 1997). It was on this basis that the workshop was planned, realising that not only do national scientists and statisticians (biometricians) need training in applied biometrics but they also need to be exposed to the range of problems and complexity of agricultural study design necessary for the developing world. Few courses in applied biometrics exist in universities in East and southern Africa. Training in biometrics provided hitherto by overseas institutions has been beneficial, but lecturers do not often have a full appreciation, or practical hands-on experience, of the special features of agricultural research and development in Africa. The subjects of experimental design, statistical analysis, interpretation and presentation of results are still recognised to be among the top priorities for training by national agricultural research system (NARS) scientists participating in collaborative networks co-ordinated by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF). There is thus a major need to establish strong training programmes in the region itself with links to existing programmes abroad

Distribution of Fine Roots in a Mixed Cunninghamia lanceolata-Tsoongiodendron odorum Plantation

对27年生混交比例为2行杉木和1行观光木的混交林和杉木纯林群落细根分布的研究表明,杉木和观光木行间的杉木细根密度虽比杉木与杉木行间的低8.5％,但观光木细根密度则高152.09％,其细根总密度比杉木与杉木行间的大10.43％。混交林中杉木各径级活细根密度呈单峰型分布,均以5-10cm土层最大,而观光木各径级活细根主要分布在0-10cm土层内。纯林杉木各径级活细根密度亦基本呈单峰型分布,但峰值出现在10-20cm或20-30cm土层。不同树种不同径级死细根的分布均与其各自的活细根分布相似。混交林中灌木细根密度在30-40cm的土层最大,而纯林中的灌木细根集中于0-10cm的表土层;混交林和纯林中的草本细根均集中在0-5cm土层。与纯林的相比,混交林中杉木细根主要分布的土层明显上移,表层土壤细根所占比重增大,有利于更好利用土壤养分和提高群落生产力。Fine roots were measured by soil core sampler in a mixed plantation of 27-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata (C) and Tsoogiodeudron odorum (T) in Fujian Province. Fine root density of C at interrow between C and T was lower by 8.5% than that between C and C, but fine root denstiy of T and total fine root density were higher by 152.09% and 10.43%, respectively. High density of living fine roots with different thickness of C in mixed plantation appeared at 5-10 cm soil depth, whereas that of T at 0-10 cm. Compared to mixed plantation, living fine root density in pure C plantation appeared at 10 -30 cm of soil depth. The distribution of dead fine roots had the same pattern. In mixed plantation, upward trend of soil layer with maximum fine roots of C was obvious, showing that mixed plantation had an advantage over pure plantation in nutrient absorption.中国博士后科研基金项目（1999-10）;;福建省科委重大基础研究项目（2000-F-004）;; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目;;福建省自然科学基金项目（B0110025

NUTRIENT CYCLING OF N AND P BY A MIXED FOREST OF CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA AND TSOONGIODENDRON ODORUM IN SUBTROPICAL CHINA

通过对福建三明 2 7年生杉木 (Cunninghamialanceolata) 观光木 (Tsoongiodendronodorum)混交林 (混交比例2 :1)及杉木纯林群落N、P养分循环进行为期 2年的研究。结果表明 ,混交林中杉木和观光木地上各组分的N、P含量大小均为叶 >活枝 (或皮 ) >枯枝 >干 ,而根系的则随径级的减小而增大 ,且观光木各组分的N含量均高于杉木的 ;混交林群落的N、P总积累量达 5 85 .2 2 3kg·hm-2 和 12 8.784kg·hm-2 ,分别是纯林群落的 1.5倍和 1.3倍。混交林群落N、P养分年归还量达 75 .740kg·hm-2 和 5 .493kg·hm-2 ,分别是杉木纯林的 113 .0 %和 79.6 %。混交林通过凋落物、降水淋溶和细根枯死 3种途径的N归还量分别占群落总归还量的 6 7.1%、8.4%和 2 4.5 % ,而纯林的则分别为 6 9.3 %、8.1%和 2 2 .6 % ;混交林 3种途径的P归还量分别占群落总归还量的 6 4.0 %、7.5 %和 2 8.5 % ;而纯林则为 74.8%、5 .3%和 19.9%。混交林中林下植被层的N、P归还量分别占群落总归还量的 14.8%和 37.3 % ;而纯林的则为 2 9.5 %和 5 9.4%。混交林群落的N、P富集率和利用系数均低于纯林的 ,而周转期则均大于纯林的。混交林群落的P吸收系数小于纯林的 ,而循环系数则高于纯林的 ,但其两者的N吸收系数和循环系数则相似。A study on the cycling of N and P in a pure forest of Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. and a Chinese fir_ Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun mixed forest (2 Chinese fir: 1 T. odorum ) over two years was carried out in Sanming, Fujian, China. For both Chinese fir and Tsoongiodendron odorum, the concentrations of N and P in aboveground fractions were in the order of leaves>living branches (or stem bark)>dead branches> stem wood, and those in roots increased with an increase in root diameter. N concentrations in various fractions of T. odorum were higher than their respective values for Chinese fir. The standing crops of N and P in the mixed stand were up to 585.223 kg·hm -2 and 128.784 kg·hm -2 , being 1.5 and 1.3 times as much as that in the pure stand, respectively. The annual return of N and P amounted to 75.740 and 5.493 kg·hm -2 in the mixed forest, respectively, being 113.0% and 79.6% of that in the pure forest. The fractions of annual N return through litterfall, rain leaching and fine root turnover were 67.1%, 8.4% and 24.5% in the mixed forest, respectively, and the corresponding values were 69.3%, 8.1% and 22.6% in the pure forest. These three pathways contributed to 64.0%, 7.5% and 28.5% of total P return in the mixed forest, and 74.8%, 5.3% and 19.9% in the pure forest, respectively. 14.8% of N return and 37.3% of P return in the mixed forest, and 29.5% of N return and 59.4% of P return in the pure forest were derived from the undergrowth vegetation. For both N and P elements, the enrichment ratios and the utilization coefficients were lower, and the recycling periods were higher in mixed forest than in pure stand. For P, the absorption coefficient was lower, and the cycling coefficient was higher, in mixed forest than in pure forest, while there were no significant differences for those of N between the two forests.中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 ( 2 0 0 0_F_0 0 4);; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划项

中药沐足结合护理干预治疗护理人员下肢静脉曲张的效果观察

目的探讨中药沐足结合护理干预在下肢静脉曲张护士中的应用效果。方法选取某三甲综合性医院患有下肢静脉曲张的临床护士60例为研究对象,应用随机数字表法分为两组,各30例。两组研究对象均行基础护理,对照组采用医用的循序减压弹力袜进行治疗,观察组实施中药沐足结合护理干预措施。2个月后比较两组患者疗效。结果观察组研究对象静脉曲张恢复总有效率高于对照组,观察组研究对象经过3个疗程的治疗,痊愈12例,显效l3例,有效4例;对照组分别为痊愈5例,显效8例,有效9例;观察组、对照组临床治愈率和总有效率分别为40.00%、96.67%和16.67%、73.33%。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药沐足结合护理干预可以改善下肢静脉曲张的临床症状。福建中医药大学2016年临床专项校管课题(XB2016085

在福建东南沿海局部地域献血员中检出HTLV-I

[目的 ]进一步阐明福建沿海 HTL V小流行区 HTL V- 的地理分布特点及毒株的基因类型。 [方法 ]对福建东南沿海莆田地区献血员以国产双抗原夹心法 EL ISA试剂筛选 ,对 EL ISA阳性血清用 Western blot(WB)进行确证。对抗体确证阳性者 ,采集外周血分离淋巴细胞用巢式 PCR扩增 HTL V- env区 gp46片段进行序列分析鉴定病毒亚型。 [结果 ]从 1998年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 4月止 ,共检测 45 6 4份标本 ,结果确证出 16例 HTL V- 抗体阳性者 ,感染率为 0 .35 %。HTL V- 抗体阳性者主要分布在某村献血人群中 ,并具有区域集中的特点。笏石秀屿一带某村献血员中感染率高达 4.7%。7例代表性毒株经病毒序列分析为 HTL V- C亚型 (COSMOPOL ITAN)。[结论 ]福建东南沿海某村献血员中发现 HTL V- 流行。提出在对某一地区人群进行 HTL V筛选时 ,既要注意整个地区“面”的筛查 ,又要注重某个村镇“点”的调查

Diatom diet selectivity by early post-larval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta under hatchery conditions

Benthic diatoms constitute the primary diet of abalone during their early stages of development.To evaluate the dietary preferences of early post-larval abalone,Haliotis diversicolor supertexta,we analyzed the gut contents of post-larvae that settled on diatom films.We compared the abundance and species diversity of diatom assemblages in the gut to those of the epiphytic diatom assemblages on the attachment films,and identified 40 benthic diatom species in the gut contents of post-larvae 12 to 24 d after settlement.The most abundant taxa in the gut contents were Navicula spp.,Amphora copulate,and Amphora coffeaeformis.Navicula spp.accounted for 64.0% of the cell density.In the attachment films,we identified 110 diatom species belonging to 38 genera.Pennate diatoms were the dominant members including the species Amphiprora alata,Cocconeis placentula var.euglypta,Cylindrotheca closterium,Navicula sp.2,and A.coffeaeformis.Nano-diatoms(<20 μm in length) accounted for a considerable proportion of the total species..

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死院前溶栓治疗中国专家共识

急性心肌梗死仍然严重威胁我国人民健康,在我国广大城乡地区,形势更为严峻[1,2]。及时救治急性心肌梗死患者,降低死亡率和保护心脏功能刻不容缓。鉴于我国的实际情况,院前溶栓治疗在大城市以外的城乡地区具有重要意义。为此,中国医师协会胸痛专业委员会及中国医学救援协会心血管急救分会专门组织有关专家制订了本共识,旨在帮助院前医疗急救人员对急性心肌梗死患者选择最佳

3D-printed integrative probeheads for magnetic resonance

射频探头前端作为核磁共振设备的核心部件之一，极大程度的决定着系统实验性能的优劣。探头前端通常由射频线圈、射频电路及样品检测管道等部分组成。现有的射频线圈制作技术主要是通过手工或机械手段按照所需的线圈形状进行绕制。但是，当线圈结构较为复杂、不规则，或体积尺寸较小时，常规绕制方法便难以满足结构设计和制造的精度需求，因此造成线圈性能的劣化，增大检测区域的射频场不均匀性，对核磁共振检测产生负面影响。本研究中，利用3D打印熔融沉积制造或光敏树脂选择性固化技术精确加工出一体化磁共振探头前端，使用常温液态金属填充线圈模型管路形成射频线圈，搭建出稳定的一体化磁共振射频探头。利用高精度3D打印和液态金属灌注技术制备出包含有射频线圈和定制化样品管道结构在内的一体化磁共振射频探头前端，克服了传统磁共振三维微型线圈成型困难、与样品腔匹配程度差等问题，提高了探头的信噪比，为定制化的磁共振检测提供了新思路。 该工作由厦门大学电子科学与技术学院陈忠教授、游学秋副研究员和孙惠军高级工程师共同指导完成，博士研究生谢君尧为论文第一作者。厦门大学电子科学与技术学院黄玉清高级工程师、王忻昌副教授、倪祖荣助理教授、硕士研究生张德超，化学化工学院杨朝勇教授、博士研究生李星锐，萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院陈宏教授为合作作者。【Abstract】Magnetic resonance (MR) technology has been widely employed in scientific research, clinical diagnosis and geological survey. However, the fabrication of MR radio frequency probeheads still face difficulties in integration, customization and miniaturization. Here, we utilized 3D printing and liquid metal filling techniques to fabricate integrative radio frequency probeheads for MR experiments. The 3D-printed probehead with micrometer precision generally consists of liquid metal coils, customized sample chambers and radio frequency circuit interfaces. We screened different 3D printing materials and optimized the liquid metals by incorporating metal microparticles. The 3D-printed probeheads are capable of performing both routine and nonconventional MR experiments, including in situ electrochemical analysis, in situ reaction monitoring with continues-flow paramagnetic particles and ions separation, and small-sample MR imaging. Due to the flexibility and accuracy of 3D printing techniques, we can accurately obtain complicated coil geometries at the micrometer scale, shortening the fabrication timescale and extending the application scenarios.The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants U1632274, 11761141010, U1805261, 11475142, 22073078, and 61801411), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622075).研究工作得到国家自然科学基金、中国博士后科学基金等项目支持

Fine root distribution, seasonal pattern and production in a native forest and monoculture plantations in subtropical China

作者简介: 杨玉盛(1964～ ) , 男, 福建仙游人, 博士, 教授, 主要从事亚热带常绿阔叶林C、N 循环研究。E2mail: [email protected] tt. fj. cn 致谢: 福建农林大学蔡丽平、林瑞余、谢锦升, 陈爱玲、陈清山、邹双全、李春林, 硕士研究生郭剑芬、刘艳丽、岳永杰、于占源、江淼华、卢豪良等, 及莘口教学林场郑燕明、刘春华、王巧珍、陈辉等参加了项目研究[中文文摘] 通过对福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林细根分布、季节动态与净生产力进行的为期3a(1999～2001)的研究,结果表明,格氏栲天然林、格氏栲和杉木人工林活细根生物量分别为4.944t/hm2、3.198t/hm2和1.485t/hm2,死细根生物量分别为3.563t/hm2、2.749t/hm2和1.287t/hm2;死细根生物量占总细根生物量的比例分别为41.9%、46.2%和46.4%;0.05);活细根生物量最大值均出现在3月份,最小值一般出现在5～7月份或11～翌年1月份间。0～10cm表土层格氏栲天然林活细根生物量高达295.65g/m2,分别是格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林的2.4倍和8.1倍;该层格氏栲天然林活细根生物量占全部活细根生物量的59.8%,均高于格氏栲人工林(39.07%)和杉木人工林(24.51%)。格氏栲天然林、格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林细根分解1a后的干重损失率分别为68.34%～80.13%、63.51%～77.95%和47.69%～60.78%;年均分解量分别为8.747、5.143和2.503t/hm2;死亡量分别为8.632、5.148和2.492t/hm2;年均净生产量分别为8.797、5.425和2.513t/hm2,年周转速率分别为1.78、[英文文摘]In the last decades, large scale native forests have been converted to fast growing and high yield commercial forest plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material, and other forest products. Some silvicultural measures, such as planting pure stands, clear cutting and slash burning, have been widely applied during this conversion. Yield decline and land deterioration in such disturbed ecosystem has become serious. In this context, the ecological comparisons between native forests and monoculture plantations are necessary in providing the implications for sustainable management. Few studies on fine roots dynamics have been conducted within these ecosystems though the importance of fine roots in carbon and nutrient cycling has been increasingly emphasized due to their rapid turnover rates. Two 33 year old plantations, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and Castanopsis kawakamii (CK), were chosen to examine fine root (005). An early spring flush of root biomass (March) was found in these three forests, and the minimum value mainly occurred during May July or November January. For the NF, 598% of root biomass was found in the top soil of 0～10 cm, a layer that maximum depth distribution difference among these forests occurred, where root biomass of the NF was 237 times and 812 times as much as that of the CK and the CF, respectively. Percentages of original mass lost during the first year of decomposition ranged from 4379%～5631% for the FH to 6834%～8013% for the NF Mean annual root decomposition, mortality and production ranged from 847 t/(hm 2·a), 8632 t/(hm 2·a) and 95 t/(hm 2·a) in the NF to 2503 t/(hm 2·a), 2492 t/(hm 2·a) and 2513 t/(hm 2·a) in the CF. The mean root turnover rate ranged from 178 times/a in the NF to 169 times/a in the CF.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30170770);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0110025);高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目;福建省基础研究重大资助项目(2000-F-004