Effect of continuous positive airway pressure＇s treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients：A meta-analysis

目的：系统评价持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对2型糖尿病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者的血糖代谢及呼吸参数的治疗效果。方法：应用Cochrane系统评价方法检索Pub Med、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMBASE、CBM、CNKI和万方数据库,同时在Google搜索引擎进行检索,收集CPAP对比常规治疗或安慰剂治疗的随机对照试验（RCT）。根据Cochrane协作网推荐的＂风险评估工具＂进行风险偏倚评估,用Review Manager 5.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：最终纳入16个RCT,共945例患者。Meta分析结果显示,对于2型糖尿病合并OSAS患者,CPAP治疗能改善患者的胰岛素抵抗、糖化血红蛋白、呼吸暂停低通气指数、Epworth嗜睡量表评分、最低血氧饱和度及患者的生活质量,CPAP对于空腹血糖的影响无统计学意义。所有研究均未对CPAP治疗的不良反应进行报道。结论：CPAP能改善2型糖尿病合并OSAS患者胰岛素抵抗、糖化血红蛋白、夜间缺氧,可以改善患者的生活质量,但还需要更大量的高质量文献提供科学的证据。Objective：To systematically review the evidence for the effect of continuous positive airway pressure＇s treatment on type 2diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in people. Methods：The searched databases were including Pub Med,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EMBASE,CNKI,WANFANG Database,CBM Database and Google search engine etc. for randomized controlled trials comparing CPAP with placebo or conventional treatment. Researchers extracted data on apnea-hypopnea index,the Epworth Sleeping Scale（ESS）,LSp O2,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance（HOMA-IR）,fasting blood glucose（FBG）,and Hb A1C（%）. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.0. Results：Sixteen studies involving 945 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that：（1）For people who are type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,meta-analysis showed an improvement in AHI,in ESS,in LSp O2,in HOMA-IR,in Hb A1 c and in quality of life,no significant improvement in FBG.（2）No serious adverse events were associated with the administration of CPAP. Conclusion：CPAP can improve insulin resistance,glycosylated hemoglobin,nocturnal hypoxia and the quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients with OSAS,but also need to provide scientific evidence for a large number of high quality literature

中医药改善2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的病理生理学机制研究进展

糖尿病,尤其是2型糖尿病是临床常见的慢性疾病,其患病率不断增高,我国糖尿病患病人数已长时间居世界首位,并预计仍将持续较长一段时间[1]。胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance,IR）是糖尿病的重要病理基础[2]。在糖尿病进展过程中,胰岛素对外周靶器官的敏感性受影响,从而导致其需要量超过正常生理需要量

Screening research on effective parts of Alisma orientalis( Samuel. ) Juzep. associated with blood glucose decrease in type 2 diabetic mice

目的初步探索泽泻[Alisma orientalis(Samuel.)Juzep.]降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的有效部位。方法采用超声提取法获得泽泻乙醇提取物,再分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水饱和正丁醇和水相进行萃取分离,得到的泽泻乙醇提取物及其各溶剂萃取物应用于腹腔注射烟碱、链脲霉素诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠模型。造模成功后,将动物分组,其中空白对照组(未注射链脲霉素和烟碱的小鼠)和2型糖尿病模型组小鼠连续灌胃0.9%Na Cl溶液21 d(灌胃剂量为10μl/g),测试药物组分别连续灌胃泽泻乙醇提取物、泽泻石油醚萃取物、泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取物、泽泻正丁醇萃取物、泽泻水萃取物21 d(各测试药物灌胃高、中、低剂量分别为100μg/g、50μg/g、25μg/g),阳性对照组连续灌胃罗格列酮溶液21 d(灌胃剂量为10μg/g),每组8只小鼠,筛选具有降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的泽泻有效部位。用具有降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的有效部位处理3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,观察其对前脂肪细胞分化过程的影响。结果与2型糖尿病模型组比较,连续灌胃泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取物21 d(剂量为100μg/g)降低了2型糖尿病小鼠的血糖,改善了口服葡萄糖耐受试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)过程中的糖耐量(P<0.01)。1 mg/L和10 mg/L的泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取层均能促进前脂肪细胞的分化过程。结论泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取物降低了2型糖尿病小鼠血糖,促进了3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化,但其具体作用机制尚需深入研究。Objective To explore the effective parts of Alisma orientalis( Samuel.) Juzep. associated with blood glucose decrease in type 2 diabetic mice.Methods Ethanol extracts from A. orientalis were obtained by ultrasonic extraction. Then,the ethanol extract was extracted and separated with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,water saturated n-butanol and water respectively. After decompressing concentration,these solvent extractions were applied to type 2 diabetic mice model induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and nicotine. After successful modeling,the mice were divided into the blank control group( without injection of streptozotocin and nicotine),model group of type 2 diabetes mellitus,positive control group and test drug groups,8 in each group. The blank control group and model group were treated with 0. 9% Na Cl at the dose of 10μl / g,the test drug groups were treated with corresponding extracts from different solvent extractions described above at the high-,mid-,low-dose of 100,50,25 μg / g respectively. The positive control group was treated with rosiglitazone at the dose of10μg / g. The treatment course was 21 days for intragastric administration. The effective parts of Alisma orientalis( Samuel.) Juzep. associated with blood glucose decrease in type 2 diabetic mice were screened and then the effect of the screened effective part on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte was observed.Results Compared with the model group,the blood glucose was decreased after the intragastric administration with ethyl acetate extract of A. orientalis at dose of100μg / g for 21 days and the glucose tolerance during the oral glucose tolerance test( OGTT) was improved( P < 0. 01). The differentiation of pre-adipocyte was promoted when the ethyl acetate extract of A. orientalis at the concentration of 1 mg / L and 10 mg / L. Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract of A. orientalis reduced the blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice and promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes,but the specific mechanism still need to be further studied.福建省科技厅自然科学基金青年创新项目;; 厦门市卫计委资助项目(2014D008),厦门市卫计委资助项目(2015-ZQN-JC-45);; 福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才培养项目基础项目;; 福建省科技厅自然科学基金(2015J01065);; 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目杰青项目(JA14421),福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JA13425);; 厦门市科技局科技计划高校创新项目(3502Z20143026),厦门市科技局科技计划项目(3502Z20144031);; 厦门医学高等专科学校科研基金(Z2013-12,Z2013-25

太子参环肽类化合物Pseudostellarin E对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化和葡萄糖吸收的作用

目的探讨太子参环肽类化合物Pseudostellarin E是否具有治疗2型糖尿病的潜力。方法在3T3-L1前脂肪细胞中应用了葡萄糖吸收试验和分化模型。结果 Pseudostellarin E不仅加速3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化进程,而且在高浓度(30m M)葡萄糖条件下增加了分化的脂肪细胞对胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖的吸收。结论上述结果表明,Pseudostellarin E可能具有治疗糖尿病的潜能。国家自然科学基金面上项目(81773601);;福建省教育厅2015年第二批高等学校优秀学科(专业)带头人赴海外访学研修资助项目(闽教人[2015]103号);;福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2015J01065);;福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才培养项目2015年资助计划基础项目(2015-ZQN-JC-45);;福建省厦门市科技局科技计划高校创新项目(3502Z20143026);;厦门医学院科研项目(Z2013-12,Z2013-25

厦门市居民2002-2009年伤害死亡分析

目的分析厦门市居民2002-2009年伤害死亡的流行病学特征,为伤害预防和控制决策的制定提供科学依据。方法利用厦门市居民2002-2009年死亡资料,采用国际疾病分类法(ICD-10)进行编码,计算伤害的死亡率、人群分布特征和疾病负担等指标,分析导致伤害死亡的主要原因。结果 2002-2009年,厦门市伤害死亡率为43.52/10万,标化死亡率为38.40/10万,居死因顺位的第5位。潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost,PYLL)为149 531年,PYLL率为11.85‰,平均PYLL为0.012人年/人。在伤害中,交通事故死亡率15.72/10万,居第1位,其他依次是自杀(11.04/10万)、意外跌落(7.45/10万)、溺水(2.24/10万)、意外中毒(1.32/10万)。少年儿童组首位伤害死因是溺水,中青年组为交通事故,老年组为意外跌落。结论伤害已成为厦门市居民第5位死因,不同年龄段人群伤害主要死因不同,应有针对性的采取干预措施以降低其死亡率和疾病负担

化工实验教学体系模块化构建探索与实践

厦门大学化学工程与技术实验教学中心以培养化工专业创新性人才为目标,结合化工学科知识结构分布及实验教学的特点,对化工实验的教学内容、教学模式及师资队伍建设进行了改革,构建了"层次化、模块化"的教学体系,切实有效地提高了实验教学质量,以期培养新型工科人才。福建省本科高校教育教学改革研究项目(FBJG20170300

PM流量控制器参数对液体静压导轨运动精度影响的研究

液体静压导轨在超精密机床中广泛应用,其运动误差直接影响被加工件表面精度,因此,针对液体静压导轨运动精度的研究并不少见。然而,上述研究涉及的建模方法都具有一定的简化处理,并且少有考虑恒压式液体静压导轨中关键元件节流器的影响作用。基于运动学理论,直接建立四油垫闭式液体静压导轨准静态理论模型,研究PM流量控制器参数对运动精度的影响。分析表明,该节流器三个关键参数不影响运动误差曲线波峰波谷的出现位置,但会影响运动误差的波动程度和PV值。通过油膜反力波动分析可以解释运动误差变化机理,油膜反力波动越剧烈,运动误差变化也越显著。相对于其他两个参数比流量Kr和供油压力Ps,初始流量Q0对运动精度的影响较为显著。研究工作旨在为PM流量控制器关键参数的选取提供理论参考。国家科技重大专项资助项目(2017ZX04022001-207

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate Complex and 3-Substituted Pyridines

为探讨有机配体上取代基团对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件下(0.15mol/LNaCl溶液),应用多核(1H、13C和51V)多维(DOSY)以及变温NMR技术研究双过氧钒配合物[OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]-(简写为dpV)与3-取代吡啶的相互作用,并首次报道了一些物种的NMR化学位移.dpV与有机配体的反应性从强到弱的顺序为:吡啶>烟酸根>烟酸甲酰胺≈烟酸甲酯,这说明吡啶环上取代基影响反应平衡.竞争配位导致一系列新的6配位的过氧钒物种生成.密度泛函计算结果合理地解释了实验结果,并表明溶剂化效应在反应中起重要作用.To understand the substituting group effects of organic ligands on the reaction equilibrium, the interactions between a diperoxovanadate complex [OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]- (abbr. dpV) and a series of 3-substituted pyridines in solution were explored using multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 51V) magnetic resonance, DOSY, and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol/L NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological condition. Some direct NMR data were given for the first time. The reactivity among the 3-substituted pyridines towards dpV takes the order of pyridine>nicotinate>N-methyl nicotinamide≈ methyl nicotinate. The competitive coordination results in the formation of a series of new six-coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O2)2L]n- (L=3-substituted pyridines, n=1 or 2). The results of density func-tional calculations provided a reasonable explanation of the relative reactivity of the 3-substituted pyridines. Solvation effects play an important role in these reactions.国家自然科学基金(Nos.20772027,20803020);; 973子课题(No.2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金(No.06JJ30004);; 中国博士后科学基金(No.20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(No.06B028);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资助项目;; 湖南科技大学博士基金(No.E-55107)资助项

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate and Imidazole-like Ligands

为探讨咪唑环上取代基团对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件(0.15 mol·L~(-1)NaCl溶液)下,应用多核(~1H、~(13)C和~(51)V)、扩散排序谱(DOSY)以及变温NMR等谱学技术研究双过氧钒配合物NH_4[OV(O_2)_2{2-(2'-Pyri-dine)- [midazole}]·4H_2O(简写为bpV(Imi-Py))和咪唑类配体(咪唑、2-甲基-咪唑、4-甲基-咪唑和组氨酸)的相互作用,其从强到弱的顺序为咪唑≈4-甲基-咪唑>2-甲基-咪唑>组氨酸.研究结果表明,咪唑环上取代基团空间位阻对反应平衡产生较大影响,同时竞争配位的结果导致新的6配位过氧物种[OV(O_2)_2L]~-(L为咪唑类配体)的生成,当配体为4-甲基-咪唑和组氨酸时,生成的则是一对异构体.To understand the substituting effects of imidazole ring on the reaction equilibrium,the interactions between diperoxovanadate complex NH_4[OV(O_2)_2{2-(2'-Pyridine)-Imidazole}]·4H_2O (abbr.bpV(Imi-Py)) and a series of imidazole-like ligands (imidazole,2-methyl-imidazole,4-methyl-imidazole,and histidine) in solution were explored using multinuclear (~1H,~(13)C,and ~(51)V) magnetic resonance,diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY),and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol·L~(-1) NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological conditions.The experimental results indicated that the activities of bpV(Imi-Py) and organic ligands were as follows:imidazole≈4-methyl-imidazole>2-methyl- imidazole>histidine.The stedc effect of the organic ligands affects the reaction equilibrium.At the same time,new six- coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O_2)_2L]-(L=imidazole-like ligands) were formed due to the competitive coordination between 2-(2'-pyridyl)-imidazole and the imidazole-like ligands.When the ligand was 4-methyl- imidazole or histidine,a pair of isomers was formed.国家自然科学基金(20772027);; 973子课题(2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金(06JJ30004);; 中国博士后科学基金(20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(068028);; 卫生部(福建省)卫生教育联合攻关计划(3502220051027);; 厦门市重大疾病攻关研究基金(Wkj2005-2-019);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放基金和湖南科技大学博士基金(E55107)资

锂离子电池三元层状氧化物正极材料失效模式分析

镍钴锰三元层状氧化物(NCM)正极材料由于其优越的综合性能在动力/储能电池系统(ESS)领域得到广泛应用。虽然Ni含量的增加可提高三元材料的比容量及电池的能量密度,但相关电池体系的容量保持率和安全性将会变差。如何有效解决该矛盾是此类NCM电池所面临的关键问题。本文从NCM电池体系循环过程中常见的体相结构破坏和正极-电解液界面组成改变两方面失效现象出发,结合近年来国内外对NCM失效模式研究中所提出的新理论、方法、应用,从机械破坏、结构演变、电化学极化、化学副反应、正负极协同效应等多个角度对NCM材料的衰退机理提出见解,对指导电池用户合理制定充放电协议、缓解电动汽车(EV)里程焦虑乃至材料设计本身均有重要的指导及借鉴意义。国家重点研发计划资助（2018YFB0104400,2018YFB0905400