我国部分家鸭品种遗传多样性及与野鸭亲缘关系的探讨

厦门凯利公司的资

Developing On-site,Quick Screening Platform for Artificial Pigments in Food Using Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

已有研究表明食品加工过程中添加的人工合成色素不仅不能提供营养物质,而且可能是导致小儿多动症的来源之一,影响儿童智力发育.基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)原理和便携式拉曼光谱仪,提出了一种非定向的现场快速筛查方法.该方法只需对疑似含有人工合成色素的固体或液体状食品样品进行简单前处理,即可进行SERS检测.样品前处理和检测的总时长不超过15 min,检出质量浓度在1 mg/L水平,可有效满足政府职能部门的现场执法需求.除具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点之外,该检测方法的最大优势在于实现了未知样品的现场非定向测试:在同一种前处理过程和检测方法下,可对食品中常添加的亮蓝、胭脂红、日落黄、柠檬黄、苋菜红和诱惑红6种人工合成色素进行快速鉴定和半定量分析.As widely used additives in food processing,artificial pigments have no any nutrition but are potential sources of hyper-activity and affect the intellectual development of children.On the basis of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy( SERS) and portable Raman instrument,we developed a non-targeting,on-site and quick screening platform for artificial pigments in food matrix. SERS measurement could be carried out after the food matrix( either in solid or liquid states) being simply pretreated for 15 min.The detectable concentration is as low as 1 mg / L,a level meeting the demand of the on-site enforcement by the government.Besides the advantages of quick,easy-on-going,and high sensitivity,the most distinguished point of SERS is the non-targeting qualitative on-site detection for the typical pigment additives,including brilliant blue,carmine,sunset yellow,lemon yellow,amaranth and allura red,et al.,while both the pretreatment procedure and the SERS detection remain the same.国家自然科学基金(21473140);; 福建省高校产学合作项目(2016Y4012);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2072016011

Developing fast laboratory screening platform for sulfate dioxide in food by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的指纹图谱的高能量分辨率,以位于~630; cm~(-1)亚硫酸根的特征峰为定性和定量依据,本文开展了食品中滥用和非法添加二氧化硫的直接检测研究:一种检测流程实现了不同食品基质中二氧化硫的; 高灵敏检测,最低检出浓度达1 mg; kg~(-1)的水平.针对实际样本的传统蒸馏法前处理流程的一些不足以及SERS检测的指纹图谱优势,本文进行了三方面显著改进:; (1)碳酸钙和沸石取代氮气以提高二氧化硫的挥发提取效率; (2)草酸取代盐酸酸化蒸馏溶液,以有效避免挥发性强酸对操作环境的危害;; (3)氢氧化钠溶液代替乙酸铅溶液作为吸收液,以防止二次污染.环境友好、灵敏度高和不受基质干扰等特点使得本方法有望取代经典蒸馏法和比色法,用于食品; 中非法添加二氧化硫类添加剂的快速高效筛查.The direct detection of sulphur dioxide has been realized in various; food matrixes with high sensitivity and high selectivity, on the basis; of the integration of the high energy resolution of the finger-print; spectrum of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the universal but; easy-on-going pretreatment procedure. The characteristic peak of sulphur; dioxide at ~630 cm~(-1) was applied as the qualitative and quantitative; standard, which displayed a lowest detectable concentration at the 1 mg; kg~(-1) level for the spiked food samples. The key point of the high; sensitivity and selectivity is the effective pretreatment born out of; the standard distillation one, which has been improved in the three; parts. (1) Using CaCO_3 and Zeolite instead of N_2 gas as the bubbling; reagent. (2) Using oxalic acid as the acidic distillation solution to; eliminate the hazards from acid volatilization, such as hydrochloric; acid. (3) Using diluted sodium hydroxide solution as the absorption; reagent instead of lead acetate solution to avoid the secondary; pollution. With the three distinguished advantages of environment; friendly, high sensitivity and free of matrix interference, the proposed; method has great potential to replace the traditional ones for the fast; screening of the illegal or abused sulphur dioxide in food.国家自然科学基金; 福建省高校产学合作项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的合成色素专利蓝V的快速检测

食品安全问题一直是社会和广大群众关注的焦点问题,食品安全现状较为严峻,因此实现食品中有害物质的快速检测具有重要的实际意义。合成色素是一种常见的食品添加剂,然而合成色素的超标添加和非法添加依旧是食品安全中的重要问题之一,极大地危害人民群众的身体健康和食品工业的健康发展。常见的合成色素检测方法,均存在耗时长、费用高等缺点,不适应于合成色素的实时监测和快速筛查。为克服传统方法的缺点,提出利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术对合成色素进行检测,该方法具有检测速度快、检测灵敏度高等优点,能够达到现场实时检测的目的。此外,由于拉曼检测方法往往依赖于复杂的样品前处理操作,而常见的固相萃取技术一般依赖于人工操作,过程复杂且耗时较长,严重影响食品快速检测效率。因此,开发了一种全自动固相萃取装置,通过设计嵌入式硬件电路系统及其软件,精确控制蠕动泵流速和多路阀门开关实现了活化、上样、淋洗、洗脱四个步骤的全自动操作和参数控制,从而达到食品样品的全自动快速固相萃取。在实验部分,配制不同专利蓝V浓度的果汁饮料,然后利用该装置对果汁中的专利蓝V进行前处理,对萃取柱填料和萃取中各个步骤的时间和试剂进行了合理的选择,利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术成功地检测了合成色素中的专利蓝V。实验结果表明,所研制的自动固相萃取装置对比传统手工萃取,每个样品节省了近一半的萃取时间（10 min降为5 min）且能够同时处理5个样品,萃取时间稳定不易受人为因素影响,从而极大地提高了萃取效率和稳定性。此外,通过自动萃取获得的样品,对比手工萃取操作,因其受外界干扰相对较小,能够得到更强的拉曼光谱信号（约增强50%）,获得了满意的萃取效果。对不同浓度的专利蓝V样品的结果显示,该方法能够实现检出质量浓度在0.5 mg·L-1水平,可有效满足现场监测需求。具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点。国家自然科学基金项目(21874113)资

Studies on Genetic Diversity and Molecular Marker of Jinding Duck

作者简介: 左正宏( 1973- ) , 男, 博士研究生.Corresponding author, E-mail: cheny ix@ y anan. xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]用40个随机引物对我国常见家鸭品种(系)、引进品种和野鸭基因组DNA进行RAPD分析,寻找金定鸭品种特征RAPD标记.通过多次重复实验,初步认为Y05 600可作为鉴别育成品种金定鸭的RAPD分子标记.再选用20个引物对金定鸭3个育成品系各12个个体进行RAPD扩增,分析金定鸭的种质特征.结果显示:金定鸭I、II、III系的平均遗传相似系数分别为0.9157±0.0296、0.8552±0.0459、0.8816±0.0449;3个品系的变异系数分别为3.23%、5.37%、5.09%.育成品种金定鸭不同品系遗传一致性较高,但品系内的个体间仍存在着丰富的遗传多样性,不同品系之间存在着极显著的差异(p<0.01).[英文文摘]In order to find the molecular markers of Jinding Duck, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genomic DNA of 11 strains of domestic ducks and two species of wild duck. The result showed that the band Y_(05-600) was a particular band in all Jinding duck samples. It demonstrated that the band maybe a RAPD marker, which could distinguish Jinding breed from other ducks. Twenty primers were chosen for analysing the genetic diversity in 36 individuals belonging to three Jinding ducklines. The result showed that the average genetic similar coef ficient among them was 0. 915 7 ± 0. 029 6, 0. 855 2 ±0. 045 9 and 0. 881 6 ± 0. 044 9. The coeff icient variability of three lines was 3. 23% , 5. 37% and 5. 09% , respect ively.The variance among the three lines was very significant ( P< 0. 01) .福建省自然科学基金(B991002);校级自选课题(200160011)资

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Porphyra haitanensis Using AFLP

Email : chenyix@ xmu . edu. cn[中文文摘]利用AFLP技术从基因组DNA水平上分析福建省主要坛紫菜栽培品系和诱变筛选获得的突变品系的遗传差异,在25对引物中,有11对能得到重复性好的多态性扩增条带,总共在667个位点能扩增出条带,每对引物扩增带数为24~90条,并且各对引物扩增结果均显示样品间存在差异.共得到522条多态性条带,占总扩增带的78.3%.根据AFLP图谱计算了不同样品间的遗传距离(D)和相似性系数(GS).优良品系GL和CCS之间的遗传距离最小,仅为0.264,不同样品间的相似性系数介于0.602~0.736之间.并根据D值绘制了它们的UPGMA聚类图谱.[英文文摘]Amplified fragment length polymorphic technique was used to estimate the genomic DNA polymorphism among the main strains of Porphyra haitanensis in Fujian Province and four mutation strains.11 of the 25 AFLP primer pairs gave reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification patterns,and were selected to construct a DNA fingerprinting table to estimate the genetic diversity among these samples.The amplified bands ranged from 24 to 90 per primer pair.667 AFLP markers were obtained and 522 of them were polymorphic l...lo ci. T he pro po rt ion o f po lymorphic loci w as 78. 3%. The genetic dist ance (D) and similarity coefficients (GS) were calculated based on the polymorphic data. The GS betw een these samples was 0. 602~ 0. 736, while the D bet ween GL and CCS was only 0. 264. A dendr ogram by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means was constr ucted according to the D value.福建省自然科学基金(B0510004);; 厦门大学科技创新工程基金项目(XDKJCX20053015)资

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Some Wild and Domestic Ducks in China Based on Microsatellite Markers

利用SSr技术分析我国几种野鸭和家鸭品种群体间及群体内的多样性.21对引物在群体间共扩增得到516条带,其中多态性条带410条.多态性位点比率在60%--96.7%之间.运用简单匹配系数法计算了品种(系)间的相似性系数和遗传距离,采用类间平均链锁法(bETWEEn-grOuPS lInkAgE METHOd)构建了聚类图谱,并进行了系统发生分析.实验结果表明,群体间遗传多样性丰富,聚类图谱显示我国11个地方鸭品种(系)被划分为两大类,这与根据生产性能、经济性状划分的结果相一致.筛选12个多态性较好的微卫星标记,对群体内的遗传多样性水平进行检测.利用等位基因频率计算了各群体的遗传参数(多态信息含量,平均杂合度以及有效等位基因数),结果表明:本实验所调查的鸭群体的平均杂合度在0.296至0.675之间,各品种(系)依照平均多态信息含量高低排列的次序与按群体平均杂合度排列的顺序基本一致,一些群体内的平均杂合度值较低,反映出群体内遗传多样性水平较低,这很可能与群体近交程度高有关.In the present study the genetic diversity and structure of 11 Chinese indigenous duck populations were analyzed using 21 microsatellite markers.The 21 primer pairs generated a total of 516 fragments among groups.of those fragments,410 were polymorphic.The proportion of polymorphic loci among groups ranged from 60% to 96.7%.Simple matching coefficients(SM) was calculated to manifest the genetic similarity(GS) and distance(GD).According to the GD value,a dendrogram was constructed using between-group linkage method.High genetic diversity was observed between populations.The phylogenetic relationships between populations were analyzed in combination with their economic performance.The total 11 duck populations studied were clustered into 2 major groups,which were in accordance with their economic performance.12 of the 21 loci exhibiting high genetic polymorphism whithin groups were used for genetic structural analysis.Some genetic parameters such as polymorphism information content(PIC),mean of heterozygosity(H),and effective allele number(Ne) were estimated based on the allele frequencies.The mean heterozygosity index among the populations ranged from 0.296 to 0.675.The populations arranged in order of mean heterozygosity value were consistent with that of the polymorphism information content.The low level of mean heterozygosity index present in this study indicated that the genetic diversity was low within some duck populations,which might be attributed to high level of inbreeding within populations

Research for Domestic Duck Resources and the Strain Breeding

家鸭生物学研究为家鸭起源进化及资源利用提供了理论依据 ,指导家鸭生产与育种 .血清前白蛋白、mt DNA限制性内切酶谱和 RAPD证据表明 ,野鸭绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭在我国家鸭品种形成中均有贡献 .生化遗传学作为常规育种辅助手段 ,可用于早期选留种禽 .杂种优势利用仍然是提高生产性能的有效手段 .分子生物学与数量遗传学的相互交叉与渗透丰富了遗传育种理论 ,与生产性状相关的多基因性状的遗传规律和分子基础是当前研究的前沿和热点 .常规育种技术与现代生物学技术相结合 ,福建地方良种金定鸭群体平均年产蛋量从 2 12枚提高到 2 6 0枚以上 ;专门化品系最佳配套组合的产蛋量 30 0枚 ,总蛋量 2 2 kg.生产性能居国际先进水平 .金定鸭、北京鸭和番鸭三元杂交的后代 ,获得亲代的高产、羽色和肉质优势Biological research on domestic ducks, including mitochndrial DNA restriction map, RAPD and biochemical genetics, showed that both of mallard and spot bill duck contributed to domestic duck evolution. Serum proteins related to economic trait could be used as early stage selection index. Hybridization is an effective tool to improve duck production. Molecular biology joins to duck research will be rich the theory of duck genetics and breeding. Advanced biological technology combining with traditional breeding method, Jingding duck improved its egg production from 212 to 260 eggs per year, and a special strain production as high as 300 eggs in 22 kilogram. Hybrid of Jingding duck, Beijing Duck and muscovy is being as a promising broiler strain of white feather, high meat production and quality.国家自然科学基金!(38970 552 ) ;; 福建省自然科学基金!(B9910 0 0 2 ) ;; 农业部“七五”!(牧 0 3- 0 7- 0 2 );; “八五”!(85牧

Effects of different culture conditions on development and differentiation of somatic cells of Porphyra haitanensis thallus

本文以野生坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)叶状体为材料,通过海螺酶酶解获得叶状体单离体细胞,探讨了细胞密度、光照强度对坛紫菜叶状体体细胞发育分化的影响.研究结果表明:细胞密度对坛紫菜叶状体单离体细胞的分裂、出苗具有明显的影响.其中,细胞培养3~5d时,分裂率随着细胞密度的增大而降低;5d时,1×103个/孔组的分裂速度显著大于其余各组的(p<0.05);12~19d时,随着细胞密度的增大,体细胞出苗率相应减小.光照强度对坛紫菜叶状体单离体细胞的分裂、出苗也具有显著影响.细胞培养5d时,分裂率随着光照强度的增大而增大;5~7d时,体细胞分裂速度随着光照强度增大而增大;9~19d培养期内,出苗率随着光照强度的增大而增大.本实验结果为坛紫菜转基因育种等研究提供了可资借鉴的基础资料.Somatic cells of wild Porphyra haitanensis thallus are appropriate for the study of cell differentiation.The result shows that development and differentiation the cells are affected significantly by culture conditions.It shows that division and regeneration of the cells are affected significantly by cell density.Divistion rate decreased with increasing cell density in 3~5 days;Division speed of 1×103 cells/well group wasis higher than those of other groups(p<0.05) in 5 days;Regeneration rates of the cells decreased with increasing cell density in 12~19 days.It is also shown that divistion and regeneration of the cells are affected significantly by illumination intensity.Divistion rate is increased with increasing illumination intensity in 5 days;Division speed increased with increasing the illumination intensity in 5~7 days;Regeneration rates of the cells increased with increasing illumination intensity in 9~19 days.Our data can be referenced in the study of transgenic breeding for Porphyra.福建省自然科学资助基金项目(B0510004

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationship Among Some Chinese Domestic Ducks and Wild Ducks Using AFLP

作者简介: 鄢绯寰( 1979- ) , 女, 硕士研究生. 通讯作者: chenyx @ yanan. xmu . edu. cn[中文文摘]利用AFLP技术分析我国8种常见家鸭和2种野鸭基因组DNA的多态性,在选取的17对引物中,有9对能得到重复性好的多态性扩增条带.每对引物扩增带数在44~83之间.共得到513个标记位点,其中498个为多态位点,多态位点比率达97.1%;根据AFLP图谱计算了不同样品间的遗传距离(D)和相似性系数(GS).家鸭品种间的遗传距离在0.331~0.589范围内,绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭与家鸭品种(系)间的遗传距离分别在0.298~0.520和0.316~0.522之间.方差分析表明两组数据不存在显著差异(p>0.05),由此得知绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭在家鸭品种的形成过程中都作出了贡献.并根据D值绘制了它们的聚类图谱.[英文文摘]Amplified fragment length polymorphic technique was used to estimate the genomic DNA polymorphism among eight species of domestic ducks and two species of wild duck.9 of the 17 AFLP primer pairs gave reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification patterns,and were selected to construct a DNA fingerprinting table to estimate the genetic diversity among the ducks.The amplified bands ranged from 44 to 83 per primer pair.513 AFLP markers were obtained and 498 of them were polymorphic locis.The proportion of polymor phic loci was 97. 1%.The genetic distance (D) and similarity coefficients (GS) were calculated based on the polymorphic data.The genetic distance between domestic ducks was 0. 331~ 0. 589,while between domestic ducks and the wild ducks was 0. 298~ 0. 520 (Anas Platyrhynchos) and 0. 316~ 0. 522 (Anas Poecilorhyncha) respectively, which was not significant in variance.The result indicated t hat both of mallard and spot-billed duck contributed to domestic duck evolution. A dendrogram by between-groups linkage method with arithmetic means was constructed according t o the D value.福建省自然科学基金(B991002)资