试论国家作为民事主体

在法律上确立国家的民事主体地位，详细规定其参与民事活动的范围、种类等，这不但是民法制度发展的一般规律，具有理论上的可行性，同时也是我国当前经济建设的客观需要，具有现实的适应性

Investigation of Porous Silicon/Carbon Composite as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

以商业化多晶硅粉为原料,采用金属银催化剂诱导化学腐蚀的方法制得三维多孔硅材料。通过优化腐蚀条件,得到孔径约为130 nM,比表面为4.85 M2/g的多孔硅材料。将多孔硅和PAn溶液混合球磨并经高温烧结后在多孔硅表面包覆上一层致密的无定形碳膜,从而制得多孔硅/碳复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极材料。3d多孔硅结构可以缓解电化学嵌/脱锂过程中材料的体积效应,无定形碳膜层可有效改善复合材料的导电性能。电化学性能测试表明,该多孔硅/碳复合负极材料电池在0.4 A/g的恒电流下,首次放电容量3345 M AH/g,首次循环库伦效率85.8%,循环55次后容量仍保持有1645 M AH/g。并且在4 A/g的倍率下,容量仍维持有1174 M AH/g。该方法原料成本低廉,可规模化生产。3D porous silicon was synthesized by metal-assisted chemical etching process using commercially available polycrystalline silicon powders.After chemical etching in optimized solution, 3D porous silicon structures with pore size of about 130 nm and specific surface area of about 4.85 m2/g was obtained.Subsequently, the 3D porous silicon powders treated with ball milling and heat carbonization processes were coated with amorphous carbon and utilized as the anode electrode material for lithium ion battery.The combination of the 3D porous structure and a carbon coating layer can accommodate large mechanical strains by providing the empty space of the pores to alleviate the volume change, and by increasing the electrical conductivity with the carbon layer.The electrodes achieve an initial charge capacity of 3345 m Ah/g with coulombic efficiency of 85.8% as well as a high reversible capacity of 1645 m Ah/g after 55 cycles at 0.4 A/g.And it is capable to retain a capacity of 1174 m Ah/g even at 4 A/g.Thus, this work introduces a novel and easy potential industrial method for fabrication Si/C materials for high-performance lithium ion battery.国家自然科学基金(61176050;21233004)~

pJAK2 polypeptide,an antagonist of suppressors of cytokine signaling-1,can enhance the antitumor effect of dendritic cells

目的:探讨细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-1(SuPPrESSOrS Of CyTOkInE SIgnAlIng1,SOCS1)拮抗物PJAk2多肽(氨基酸序列号为1001-1013)参与树突状细胞(dEndrITIC CEllS,dCS)的体外诱导培养后对dCS抗肿瘤作用的影响。方法:采集健康人外周血,离心获得单个核细胞,用重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rECOMbInAnT HuMAn grAnulOCyTE-MACrOPHAgE COlOny STIMulATIng fACTOr,rHgM-CSf)及重组人白细胞介素-4(rECOMbInAnT HuMAn InTErlEukIn-4,rHIl-4)诱导dCS,第5天分为4组:单纯dCS培养(对照)组、抗原负载(lySATE-dCS)组、多肽修饰(PJAk2-dCS)组和抗原与多肽共培养(lySATE+PJAk2-dCS)组,第6天各组加入肿瘤坏死因子-α(TuMOr nECrOSIS fACTOr-AlPHA,Tnf-α)促成熟。倒置显微镜下观察dCS形态;fCM法检测dCS表型;乳酸脱氢酶(lACTATE dEHydrOgEnASE,ldH)细胞毒实验检测各组细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CyTOTOXIC T lyMPHOCyTE,CTl)对胃癌细胞bgC-823的靶向杀伤作用;ElISA法检测白细胞介素-12(InTErlEukIn-12,Il-12)和γ干扰素(InTErfErOn-γ,Ifn-γ)的水平。结果:与未加入诱导剂组相比,各组均成功诱导出成熟dCS,均高表达Cd80、Cd83、Cd86和人类白细胞dr抗原(HuMAn lEukOCyTE AnTIgEn dr,HlA-dr),但以lySATE+PJAk2-dCS组的表达水平最高。在10:1~30:1的效靶比范围内,CTl杀伤作用与效靶比呈正相关。当效靶比为30:1时,对照组的CTl杀伤率达(19.77±2.34)%,低于其他3组(P<0.01),而lySATE+PJAk2-dCS组较lySATE-dCS组及PJAk2-dCS组都高(P<0.05)。lySATE+PJAk2-dCS组培养上清液中Il-12及Ifn-γ的分泌水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:SOCS1拮抗物PJAk2多肽(1001-1013)可增强dCS对胃癌细胞的抗原递呈及特异性抗肿瘤作用。Objective:To investigate the effect of pJAK2 polypeptide,an antagonist of SOCS1(suppressors of cytokine signaling 1),on antitumor effect of in vitro cultivation-induced DCs(dendritic cells).Methods:Peripheral blood was collected from the healthy volunteers,and the PBMCs(peripheral blood mononuclear cells)were isolated.DCs were induced by rhGM-CSF(recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)and rhIL-4(recombinant human interleukin-4).On the fifth day,DCs were divided into four groups:control group,Lysate-DCs group,pJAK2-DCs group,and Lysate + pJAK2 DCs group.On the sixth day,TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha)was added into each group.The morphological features of DCs were observed under an inverted microscope;the phenotypes were detected by FCM(flow cytometry);the killing effect of CTLs(cytotoxic T lymphocytes)on gastric cancer BGC-823 cells was evaluated by LDH(lactate dehydrogenase)cytotoxicity test;the concentrations of IL-12(interleukin-12)and IFN-γ(interferon-γ)were detected by ELISA(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay).Results:Mature DCs presented typically morphological and phenotypic features;the DCs in Lysate + pJAK2-DCs group had the highest expression levels of CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR(human leukocyte antigen DR).When the ratio of effectors to target cells ranged from 10:1 to 30:1,the killing activity of CTLs had a positive correlation with the ratio.When the ratio of effectors to target cells was 30:1,the killing activity of CTLs in the control group was(19.77±2.34)%,which was lowest as compared with the other groups(P < 0.01),meanwhile the killing activity of CTLs in Lysate + pJAK2-DCs group was higher than those in Lysate-DCs and pJAK2-DCs groups(P < 0.05).The levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion in Lysate + pJAK2-DCs group were apparently higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01).Conclusion:An antagonist of SOCS1,pJAK2 polypeptide,can enhance the ability of antigen presentation and specific antitumor effect of DCs on gastric cancer cells.南京军区医学科技创新课题资助项目(编号:10MA068); 福建省自然科学基金面上项目(编号:2010D013); 厦门市科技计划创新项目(编号:3502z20104014

Studies on the infection of freshwater crabs by Paragonimus metacercariae in Yunxiao county, Fujian

目的调查云霄县淡水蟹种类及其感染并殖吸虫囊蚴的情况。方法选取不同地理方位为调查点,捕捉各调查点的淡水溪蟹进行分类和并殖吸虫囊蚴的检查。结果全县共调查6个乡(镇)20个村,共捕捉230只蟹,查出漳州华溪蟹(n=136)、漳浦束腰蟹(n=63)和闽溪蟹(待定种)(n=31)3种;检出感染并殖吸虫蟹15只,阳性检出率为6.6%(15/230),蟹的感染指数为0.11,对福建华溪蟹和中华束腰蟹种类及分布作了修正。结论云霄县并殖吸虫宿主淡水溪蟹有3种,蟹感染并殖吸虫呈下降趋势,但仍为中度并殖吸虫疫源地。Objective To study the distribution of freshwater crabs and their infection by Paragonimus in Yunxiao county, Fujian.Methods Freshwater crabs were collected and identified.The crabs were then dissected and examined for the presence of Paragonimus metacercariae.Results Six tons of crabs from 20 villages (Yunxiao county) were collected.Three species of crabs were found , namely Sinopotamon zhangzhouense, Somanniathelphusa zhangpuensis and Minpotamon spp.The infection rate was 6.6% (15/230) for the Paragonimus, and the index of crab infection was 0.11.Species of freshwater crabs and its geographic distribution were revised for Sinopotamon fukienense and Somanniathelphusa sinensis.Conclusion Freshwater crabs are the intermediate hosts of Paragonimus in the Yunxiao county.科技部自然资源平台项目(2005DKA21104

光子晶体光纤的特性与研究现状

光子晶体光纤(PCF)具有独特的光学特性和灵活的设计,在光通信等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文阐述了PCF的一些独特光学性质,总结了光子晶体光纤的研究成果。福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2006G0410);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2006J0410

低电子密度诊断技术研究

用微型电探针技术和φ800mm高温激波管中电子密度的标定技术相结合，获得了高温高速气 流中低电子密度的一种测量方法，可用于n_e≈1*10~9个/cm~3条件下电子密度的测量。该法有较好的空间分辨能力，且其探测灵敏度比常规的8mm微波干涉仪提高了两个数量级

脊柱骨盆矢状面形态与青少年腰椎间盘突出症的关系研究

目的:探讨导致青少年腰椎间盘突出症(Adolescent Lumbar Disc Herniation,ALDH)的脊柱骨盆矢状面关键参数,明确不同腰椎Roussouly分型与腰椎间盘突出症的关系。方法:回顾性研究2014年1月至2017年6月在本院骨科诊治ALDH患者32例(ALDH组),同时选择中老年腰椎间盘突出症患者(中老年组)、年龄和性别匹配的正常青少年志愿者(对照组)各32例。在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上统计腰椎Roussouly分型,并测量腰椎前凸角(Lumbar Lordosis,LL)、骨盆投射角(Pelvic Incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(Pelvic Tilt,PT)和骶骨倾斜角(Sacral Slope,SS),对ALDH组、中老年组和对照组三组间的影像学指标和Roussouly分型进行比较。结果:ALDH组PI为52.0°±13.3°和PT为25.3°±14.5°均显著大于对照组45.2°±8.0°和15.1°±9.3°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Roussouly分型在ALDH组和对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:较大的PI更易导致青少年腰椎间盘突出症的发生。与中老年腰椎间盘突出症患者相比,ALDH患者腰椎前凸角更小,骶骨终板更加水平,Roussouly分型以2型居多,而4型较少。福建省自然科学基金(2018J01362);;福州市科技计划项目(2016-S-123-17

国内虹鳟代表性养殖群体的高通量SNP芯片检测及遗传分析

本研究旨在对国内虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)代表性养殖群体开展全基因组水平的遗传评估。利用57K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,检测了来自不同地域的6个虹鳟养殖群体样本共计48尾,包括黑龙江虹鳟、黑龙江金鳟、四川虹鳟、四川金鳟、北京虹鳟和北京金鳟,共获得有效SNP位点50201个,在中国虹鳟中的多态比例达到97.7%,表明该芯片虽然基于美国和挪威虹鳟群体设计,但对中国群体同样具有良好的适用性。各群体最小等位基因频率均值为0.240~0.267,与国外主流养殖群体相近,黑龙江虹鳟、四川虹鳟和北京虹鳟群体内遗传多样性丰富,多态位点比例为83.6%~84.9%,与国外主流养殖群体相近,而黑龙江金鳟、四川金鳟和北京金鳟,多态位点比例相对较低,在60.2%~76.9%范围内。应用6个中国虹鳟群体和2个美国虹鳟群体数据开展系统发育分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构STRUCTURE分析,结果显示8个群体可分为3个祖源类群,其中3个金鳟群体为遗传联系较紧密的一个类群,黑龙江虹鳟和北京虹鳟为一个类群,而四川虹鳟与2个美国虹鳟群体为一个类群,部分中国养殖群体中有显著离群个体存在,表明群体遗传背景不均一。本研究表明,高密度SNP芯片在我国虹鳟养殖群体遗传分析中具有广泛的应用前景,能够为种质资源评估、本土化良种培育、制种和引种工作提供基因组水平的参考信息。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007

ANCA相关性小血管炎肾损害患者尿液肾损伤生物标志物的检测及意义

目的:探讨ANCA相关性小血管炎(AASV)肾损害患者尿液中肾损伤生物标志物的表达及变化特点,以探寻在AASV早期诊断及治疗的应用价值。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测AASV组及对照组尿液β连环蛋白(β-catenin)、尿海藻糖酶(trehalase)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白分子(Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin,NGAL),与血清ANCA及血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-M)等临床指标比较,建立患者的ROC曲线来评价尿液β-catenin、trehalase、NGAL对AASV的诊断及疾病活动的预测价值。结果:(1)AASV组患者尿液β-catenin(P<0.01)、trehalase(P<0.01)、NGAL(P<0.05)水平显著高于对照组,且尿液β-catenin、trehalase在AASV活动期与缓解期之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)与治疗前相比,活动期治疗后尿液β-catenin、trehalase水平明显下降(P<0.05)。(3)AASV患者尿β-catenin水平与Scr、β2-MG、ACR呈正相关,与GFR呈负相关(P<0.05);尿trehalase水平与β2-MG呈正相关(P<0.05);尿NGAL水平与BUN、Cys C、ACR呈正相关(P<0.05)。(4)尿液β-catenin、trehalase、NGAL诊断AASV肾损害的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.966(P<0.001)、0.903(P<0.001)、0.752(P<0.05);尿β-catenin、trehalase判断AASV病情活动性的AUC均大于血清ANCA滴度(P<0.05)。结论:尿液β-catenin、trehalase、NGAL可能是诊断AASV敏感性和特异性较高的生物学标志物。福建省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2014J01430)