沙棘水分生理生态特性研究

针对当前半干旱黄土丘陵区营造沙棘林存在的问题，于1998年在安塞对沙棘的水分生理生态特性进行了试验研究，揭示了沙棘的需水及耐旱特性，为沙棘的栽培、引种及提高水分生产力提供了科学依据。主要研究内容有：叶水势、蒸腾强度、光合速率、自由水和束缚水、持水力、饱和亏等水分生理的数量特征。通过实验测定和计算机处理分析，得出如下结论：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 沙棘蒸腾强度、叶水势、光合速率的均值分别为0.6579g/(g.h)、-1.171MPa、11.642&mu;mol/m2/s，三者的日、季变化与气温、光照、土壤水分间有显著的相关关系，复相关系数为0.9360～0.9973；在旱季，沙棘有较高的束缚水含量(32.3%)和较大的束缚水与自由水的比值(1.03)，叶水势低(最低达-2.23MPa)，蒸腾强度较稳定，临界饱和亏大(49.42%)，持水力强(11天)等特点，属中旱生植物水分特性。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 沙棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区生境的抗旱方式为典型的耐旱性，同时沙棘的旱生结构特性也表明它具有御旱特征，这种双重耐御旱的能力使沙棘具有很强的抗旱能力；沙棘水分利用率较高(2.078mgCO2/mgH2O),耗水较经济(需水量为656gH2O/g干物质)。为了进一步提高沙棘的水分利用率，除应重视沙棘对土壤深层有效水的利用水的利用外，还需注意掌握好抗旱造林技术、适宜的造林密度和加强成林过程中的抚育、管理。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 论文从时空两方面，分析了沙棘水分变化动态，以及生长与水分生理的变化，特别分析了叶水势、蒸腾速率、净光全速率与气孔导度的关系，这是林业方面进行水分生理生态研究的新探索。一些水分生理指标对沙棘是首次测定，有独到之处。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 建立了沙棘地上部生物量与单、双、多生长因子间的估测模型，为其野外调查和定位观测提供了准确、简易可行，并无破坏性的方法。</span

Soil Moisture and Its Influence on Seabuckthorn Growth in Semi arid Loess Hilly Region

根据在安塞黄土丘陵沟壑区的观测资料，对５～７ 龄沙棘林地土壤水分及其对生长的影响进行了定量研究， 为提高沙棘林地土壤水分利用率，改善其经营管理提供了科学依据。结果表明：（１） 沙棘根系吸水范围可达２ ｍ 土层以下，在０～２ｍ 土层内沙棘林地土壤水分的垂直变化特点为：随着土层深度的不断加深，土壤含水量呈减小的趋势，在３０～５０ｃｍ 和８０～１００ｃｍ 土层分别出现土壤水分强烈吸收层； （２） 沙棘林地土壤水分的季节变化可分为３个时期：亏缺期、积累期和消退期，１９９８ 年全年雨量分配比较均匀，土壤水分有明显的干、湿季之分； （３） 年生长季中，沙棘生长与其林地土壤水分间有显著的相关关系，且生长的季节动态滞后于土壤水分的季节变

Study on the Characteristic of Water Physiology Ecology of Seabuckthorn in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region

为依据沙棘水分生理指标确定其水分管理，本文根据１９９８年在安塞黄土丘陵沟壑区的观测资料，对５～７龄沙棘的水分生理生态特性进行了研究。阐明了沙棘蒸腾强度、叶水势、光合速率的日变化和季节变化规律。试验结果表明：沙棘蒸腾强度、叶水势、光合速率的均值分别为０．６５８ｇ／（ｇ&middot;ｈ）、－１１７１ｋＰａ、１１．８４２&mu;ｍｏｌ／（ｍ２&middot;ｓ）；沙棘束缚水和自由水含量季节变幅分别为１０．８５％～３２．３％和２８．５２％～５９．１４％，二者比值变幅为０．１８～１．０３；沙棘在旱季有较高的束缚水含量和束缚水与自由水的比值，叶水势低，临界饱和亏大，持水力强等特点，这为沙棘的抗旱造林，提高水分生产力提供了科学依

Quantitative models of estimating aboveground biomass of Hippophae rhamnoides on semiarid loess hilly region

根据沙棘生长因子与其地上部生物量间的相关关系，以生长因子为自变量，沙棘地上部生物量为因变量，应用主成分分析和多元回归分析方法，依据最优子集和平均残差平方和的优选原则，从单生长因子、双生长因子、多生长因子估测模型中，筛选出具有最优性质的沙棘地上部生物量估测模型，复相关系数为０．９４２１～０．９９５９，经检验均达十分显著水平。这一研究结果改进了非破坏性调查沙棘地上部生物量的方法

不同产地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分的LC-MS/MS检测LC-MS/MS detection of flavonoids in Xanthoceras sorbifolum Bunge kernel from different origins

为考察不同产地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分的差异，以山东潍坊的60份和辽宁大连的58份文冠果种仁为原料，采用LC-MS/MS法检测其黄酮类成分及含量，并对两地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分含量的差异进行了对比分析。结果表明：118份文冠果种仁中均检测出5种黄酮类成分，其中芦丁含量为1.422~40.704 μg/g，表没食子儿茶素含量为2.513~6.406 μg/g，没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯含量为1.994~4.574 μg/g，二氢槲皮素含量为1.102~4.452 μg/g，没食子儿茶素含量为0.806~4.057 μg/g；两地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分含量大小依次为芦丁>表没食子儿茶素>没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯>二氢槲皮素>没食子儿茶素；山东潍坊不同样树种仁中黄酮类成分总含量介于10518~25.445 μg/g之间，样树WF927的黄酮类成分总含量最高；辽宁大连不同样树种仁中黄酮类成分的总含量介于8.347~52.087 μg/g之间，样树DL392的黄酮类成分总含量最高；两地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分含量间差异显著，其中辽宁大连文冠果种仁中黄酮类成分总含量平均值（19491 μg/g）极显著高于山东潍坊的（16.320 μg/g）;两地118份文冠果种仁中，黄酮类成分总含量最高的为DL392（52.087 μg/g）、DL395（43.711 μg/g）和DL347（40.481 μg/g）。 In order to investigate the changes of flavonoids in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernels from different origins, 60 samples from Weifang, Shandong province and 58 samples from Dalian, Liaoning province were used as raw materials, and the flavonoids composition and contents were detected by LC-MS/MS method, and the differences of flavonoids content from two origins were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 5 kinds of flavonoids were detected in 118 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernels, among which the content of rutin was 1.422-40.704 μg/g, the content of epigallocatechin was 2.513-6.406 μg/g, the content of gallocatechingallate was 1.994-4.574 μg/g, the content of dihydroquercetin was 1.102-4.452 μg/g, and the content of gallocatechin was 0.806-4.057 μg/g. Rutin content was the highest, followed by epigallocatechin, gallocatechingallate, dihydroquercetin and gallocatechin. The total flavonoids content of kernels from Weifang, Shandong province was between 10518 μg/g and 25.445 μg/g, and the total flavonoids content of WF927 was the highest, the total flavonoids content of kernels from Dalian, Liaoning province was between 8.347 μg/g and 52.087 μg/g, and the total flavonoids content of DL392 was the highest. The content of flavonoids was significantly different between two origins. The average total flavonoids content in Xanthoceras sorbifolum Bunge kernel from Dalian, Liaoning province (19.491 μg/g) was significantly higher than that from Weifang, Shandong province(16.320 μg/g). 118 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernel from two origins had the highest total content of flavonoids in DL392 (52.087 μg/g), DL395 (43.711 μg/g) and DL347 (40481 μg/g)

Effects of Salinity on Survival,Growth and Otolith Metal Content of Indoor Cultured Larimichthys crocea

Cage culture of Larimichthys crocea(large yellow croaker)is developing rapidly in China,bringing great economic benefit.However,the high frequency of disease outbreaks,limited available coastal land and ocean pollution threaten healthy culturing of L.crocea.Low-salt aquaculture at inland facilities may provide a solution to these problems.This study explored the effect of salinity on the survival,growth and otolith metal content of cultured L.crocea.In March 2016,healthy L.crocea [(average body weight,(0.083±0.022)g;body length,(1.55±0.16)cm]were selected for a 180-day culture experiment.Five salinity groups(2,4,6,8,24 mg/g)were tested and each treatment was run in triplicate,with 20 000 test fish for each treatment.Salinity,initially at 24 mg/g,was directly decreased to 8 mg/g,and then decreased by 2 mg/g each day to give treatment levels of 6 mg/g and 4 mg/g and the 2 mg/g treatment level was obtained by decreasing salinity 1mg/g per day.Test fish were fed twice a day at 2%-5% of body weight.During the experiment,water temperature was measured each day and,on the sixth day of each month,50 L.crocea were randomly sampled for measurement of body length and weight.The metal content(Sr,Ca,Mn,Fe,Co and Ba)of otoliths in each group were determined after the 180-day experiment.The survival rate of the indoor cultured L.crocea decreased with increasing water temperature,but lower salinity enhanced survival at higher temperatures.L.crocea at 24 mg/g salinity all died at a water temperature of 28℃,but the survival rate at 2 mg/g salinity(68.8±2.89%)was significantly higher(P<0.01)than in other salinity groups at 30℃.The quality,absolute growth rate,absolute weight gain rate and fatness of fish in the low-salinity treatment groups were higher than in the normal salinity group(24 mg/g).Otolith content of Mn,Ca,Sr and Sr/Ca was positively correlated with salinity(P<0.05),but no correlation was found between Fe,Co,Ba and salinity

黄土高原沙棘建造植被的生态功能及效益试验研究

1 975～ 2 0 0 3年 ,在黄土高原半干旱区开展的沙棘种群与环境关系的研究 ,探索利用沙棘建造植被 ,改善生态环境条件 ,以及发展经济的重要意义。沙棘具适应黄土高原生态环境的生理生态和形态解剖学特性。沙棘耗水较经济 ,水分利用效率较高 ,其水分利用效率为 1 2 1～ 1 5 3g&middot;(m-2 &middot;mm-1 ) ,是荒山植被的 3 1～ 5 8倍。在干旱季节沙棘叶水势降低 ,有较高的束缚水含量 ,较大的束缚水与自由水比值 ,较高的组织含水量 ,临界饱和亏增大 ,持水力增强 ,蒸腾减少。这些水分生理生态学特性是沙棘在半干旱生态条件下 ,通过自身调节体内水分平衡 ,使之适应性强 ,分布广。沙棘林改善黄土高原生态环境功能明显。通过其茂密的林冠层、林下草被层、枯枝落叶层和发达的根系层形成良好的水分生态环境和森林生态结构 ,对林下小气候、土壤水分、养分及生物多样性有良好影响 ,其生态、经济效益明显。沙棘是植被建造的先锋树种和伴生树种 ,沙棘林形成的灌木、草本群落 ,其水土保持 ,防风固沙效益明显。沙棘林综合开发利用价值大。在黄土高原大面积人工种植和飞播造林 ,为黄土高原迅速建造植被 ,改善生态环境条件和水土流..

A Study on the Functions and Benefits of Seabuckthorn for Improving Eco-environment of the Loess Plateau

为在黄土高原大面积建造植被、控制水土流失、发展经济 ,笔者于 1975～ 2 0 0 2年的 2 8年间 ,在半干旱黄土区的吴旗、安塞和固原县进行了沙棘和环境关系的研究。试验结果表明 ,沙棘具有特殊的生理生态和形态解剖学特性 ,沙棘具有较高的水分利用效率 ,其值为 1.2 1～ 1.53g&middot;m- 2&middot;mm- 1,是荒山植被的 3.1～ 5.8倍。沙棘耗水较经济 ,在半干旱的黄土区荒山种植 ,它能有效地利用水、土资源。测定沙棘水势较低 ,蒸腾强度较稳定 ,蒸腾耗水较大 ,吸水量较大 ,束缚水和束缚水与自由水比值较高。观察沙棘叶和根的形态解剖学特性看出沙棘耐干旱、耐水湿和调节蒸腾作用较强。沙棘在半干旱黄土区改善环境的生态功能明显。沙棘通过其茂密的林冠层、林下草被层、枯枝落叶层和发达的根系层形成良好的水分生态环境和森林生态结构 ,对林下小气候、土壤水分、养分及生物多样性有良好影响。与荒坡测定对比 ,第 2、 3和 4龄沙棘林地 ,径流量分别减少 6 6 .2 %、 6 5.9%和 78.2 % ,土壤侵蚀量分别减少 39%、 37.8%和 4 7%。 5龄以上的沙棘林 ,一般无侵蚀沟和滑坡发生。沙棘是适应黄土高原的..

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel