Development of the viviparous hypocotyl of mangrove and its adaptation to inter-tidal habitats:A review

作者简介: 闫中正( 1978～) , 男, 河南南阳人, 硕士生, 主要从事红树植物生理生态学研究。E-mail : nytv@ sohu. com 通讯作者Author for correspondence. E-mail: wenqing2001@ hotmail. com[中文文摘]热带亚热带海岸潮间带的高盐、淹水、土壤缺氧和潮水冲击等不良环境因子导致了红树植物在形态、生理和生态方面的特异性 ,尤其是其独特的胎生现象。从红树植物胎生繁殖体在母体的发育过程和繁殖体落地后对潮间带生境的适应两个角度探讨了红树植物胎生现象的适应意义。红树植物的胎生现象是对潮间带盐胁迫、淹水、土壤缺氧和潮水冲击等综合生境的适应 ,而不是单独其中一种胁迫因子的适应。红树植物胎生繁殖体在母体的发育过程中通过能量积累、渗透调节、形态完善等过程为掉落以后适应潮间生境做准备 ,掉落的胎生繁殖体依靠从母体获得的能量和营养克服潮间带的盐胁迫、淹水、土壤缺氧和潮水冲击等多重胁迫。红树植物胎生繁殖体落地后的能量收支平衡是决定繁殖体定居成功与否的关键 ,而胎生现象的意义正是通过胎生繁殖体在母体发育过程中积累足够的能量和营养来适应潮间带生境。红树植物胎生繁殖体落地后苗木在潮间带滩涂的生长发育过程中存在一个能量“阈限”,能阈的高低决定于潮间带生境的恶劣程度 ,而突破能阈能力决定于胎生繁殖体所携带的能量与营养的数量。这为红树林湿地恢复提供了理论基础 ,但还需要更多的证据来支持该理论.[英文文摘]Mangroves are a diverse group of predominantly tropical trees and shrubs growing in the marine intertidal zone where conditions are usually harsh , restrictive and dynamic. The peculiarities of the mangrove intertidal habitat causes the peculiarity of its structure, physiology and ecology . The vivipary of mangroves is one particular feature which is the result of long-term adaptation to the inter-tidal environment. The adaptive significa nce of vivipary to mang rove plants was reviewed from two aspects: propagule development while still attached on the mat ernal plants and adaptation to inter-tidal environments of propagules after release . Vivipary in mangrove plants is an adaptation to the integ rat ed stresses of salt, water logging and tide,but not any single stress. During t he development of vivipar ous propag ules while still attached to maternal plants, they accumulate energy , nutrients and osmotica and perfect their structure, adaptating them to t he intertidal environment after release. The viviparous propagules depend on the energy and nutrients accumulated from maternal plants to cope with salt and waterlogging stresses. The success or not of the ecesis of vivipar ous propagules depends on the balance of energy income and expenditure . The significance of vivipary in mang rove plants is to accumulate enough energy and nutrients to cope with the intertidal environment. A “t hr eshold”hypothesis is put forw ard in this paper . According to this hypothesis, there is a threshold of energy during growth and development of the viviparous propagules in the intertidal environment . The height of the threshold depends on t he degree of environmental stress, such as water salinity, w aterlogging duration and photo synthetic illuminat ion. The ability to climb above the threshold depends on storing sufficient quantity of energy and nutrients in viviparous propagules. This threshold hypothesis calls for more direct evidence .国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 2 0 0 0 3 1

Studies on Sense of Adaptation of Vivipary of Mangroves to Inter-Tidal Habitats

本文在总结红树植物胎生现象对潮间带生境适应意义的基础上，首次提出胎生幼苗在潮间带顺利存活存在“门槛”的理论。为验证该理论，本文主要从以下三个方面开展研究：①研究了隐胎生红树植物白骨壤幼苗在不同时间盐胁迫下的生长和生理差异，探讨了白骨壤繁殖体发育过程中子叶盐分积累对于其幼苗初期生长的意义；②以显胎生红树植物角果木和秋茄，以及隐胎生红树植物桐花树和白骨壤为材料，研究了它们的胎生繁殖体发育过程中能量积累动态，以揭示能量积累对于红树植物幼苗早期生长的意义；③在野外不同光照条件下，跟踪观测秋茄幼苗的生长和存活特征，探讨光照条件与胎生幼苗生长及存活之间的关系。研究结果如下：1.白骨壤繁殖体的萌发初期，无盐...Three questions were discussed in this dissertation. At first, the effect of different salt stress time on growth and physiological process of Avicennia marina seedling were discussed. And the possible functions of cotyledon in early growth of Avicennia marina seedling were mainly discussed. Second, the researches on vivipary of mangrove in recent years were reviewed, based on which we put forward...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：20022600

Ecological Distribution and Salt Tolerance of Terminalia catappa

调查了榄仁树(Terminalia catappa)在海南岛沿海地区的分布情况,并就基质盐度对温室中人工培育的榄仁幼苗的影响进行研究。结果表明,榄仁具有较强的耐盐能力,在盐度高达 17.09‰条件下仍可正常生长,温室里幼苗可在 10‰左右的盐度下存活。结果还表明,10‰盐度能增加幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,20‰～30‰则下降;盐胁迫下叶片光合速率呈下降趋势,而叶片可溶性糖含量则随盐度增加呈上升趋势。The distribution of Terminalia catappa on coast areas of Hainan Island was investigated, and the effects of substrate salinity on artificially cultured T. catappa seedlings in greenhouse are also studied. The results showed that T. catappa had a higher salt tolerance. It could grow normally in the soil with a salinity of 17.09‰. In the greenhouse, the seedling of T. catappa could survive at 10‰ salt treatment. The results also indicated that a salinity of 10‰ could increase the chlorophyll content in seedling leaves, which a salinity of 20‰～30‰ decreased; photosynthetic rate in leaves tended to decrease under salt stress, and soluble sugar content tended to increase with increasing salinity

HIRFL浅层肿瘤治疗终端治癌碳离子束物理特性的测量

对HIRFL浅层肿瘤治疗终端提供的碳离子束的物理特性进行了首次测量．结果显示,能量为80．55MeV/u的~(12)C离子束,其束流强度在0．001—0．1nA范围时,直径50mm照射野的均匀性为73．48%,束流强度在一段时间内的稳定性为80．87%．测得了束流在治疗装置等中心处的深度剂量分布,其高剂量的Bragg峰位处在13．866mm的水等效深度,反推出碳离子束在等中心处对应的能量为71．71MeV/u,与计算值基本吻合．对自由空气电离室的读数进行了吸收剂量的标定．测量结果显示,HIRFL浅层肿瘤治疗装置性能与临床治疗的要求相比稍有差距,为了达到治疗终端进行临床试验的要求,须对治癌装置性能做进一步的优化

膜下滴灌对新疆棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸和CO2净交换通量的影响/Effects of drip irrigation with plastic mulching on the net primary productivity, soil heterotrophic respiration, and net CO2 exchange flux of cotton field ecosystem in Xinjiang, North-west China[J]

2009年4-10月,通过田间试验,以传统无膜漫灌为对照,研究了膜下滴灌对我国新疆棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸和CO2净交换通量的影响.结果表明:膜下滴灌和无膜漫灌处理下,棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸通量和CO2净交换通量均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势.与无膜漫灌相比,膜下滴灌显著提高了棉花地上、地下生物量和净初级生产力,降低了土壤异氧呼吸通量.在整个生长季节,膜下滴灌处理的年土壤异氧呼吸通量为214 g C·m-2,低于无膜漫灌处理的317 g C·m-2;膜下滴灌处理的棉花年净初级生产力为1030 g C·m-2,显著高于无膜漫灌处理的649 g C·m-2;膜下滴灌处理比无膜漫灌处理多固定大气CO2479 g C·m-2.膜下滴灌栽培措施既提高了作物生产力,又降低了土壤CO2排放,是干旱地区一种重要的农业固碳减排措施

西北干旱区两种不同栽培管理措施下棉田CH4和N2O排放通量研究/CH4 AND N2O FLUXES FROM COTTON FIELDS DIFFERENT IN FARMING PRACTICES IN NORTHWESTERN CHINA[J]

采用静态箱-气相色谱法对西北干旱区当前普遍采用的膜下滴灌和传统的无膜漫灌两种栽培管理下土壤CH4和N2O通量日变化和季节变化特征进行了研究.结果表明,随时间的推移,无膜漫灌栽培管理措施下棉田土壤CH4日变化通量呈先降后升趋势,而膜下滴灌栽培处理CH4排放通量日变化则呈现先升后降趋势；在整个生长季节,无膜漫灌和膜下滴灌土壤CH4季节变化规律不太明显,前者吸收大气CH4 45.2～52.5 mgm-2 a-1,后者释放CH4通量为0.7～23.1 mg m-2 a-1.两种栽培管理措施下棉田土壤N2O通量的日变化和季节变化均随时间的推移均呈现先升后降趋势,但是,无膜漫灌日均排放N2O通量显著高于膜下滴灌.在整个生长季节,无膜漫灌土壤N2O释放量(N2O 99.3～320.0 mg m-2a-1)显著高于膜下滴灌(N2O 60.0～259.0 mgm-2a-1).以上结果说明,膜下滴灌栽培管理措施可以改变旱田传统无膜漫灌栽培土壤与大气CH4的交换方向,促进土壤CH4向大气的排放,但对N2O通量日变化和季节变化规律不产生影响,显著降低土壤N2O的排放量