Comparative studies of Epinephelus moara and Epinephelus bruneus

本文从形态、细胞和分子水平对分类上存在混淆的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelusmoara)和褐石斑鱼(E.bruneus)进行了比较研究，以澄清它们在分类上的疑问、弄清其遗传背景并筛选可以鉴别两者的特异性分子标记，为云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼的理论研究、生产实践及种质资源的保护提供重要资料。主要结果如下： 1.2种石斑鱼的体形和体表横带等外部形态特征非常相似，但体表斑纹不同，Fisher逐步判别法表明两者在背鳍鳍条、鳃耙和幽门盲囊等方面差异达到极显著水平(p<0.001)。两者骨骼系统均由脑颅、咽颅、脊柱、肋骨和附肢骨骼组成，主轴和附肢骨骼的形态结构基本相同，但在脑颅的眶前骨和眶后骨、咽颅的...Whether Epinephelus moara and E. bruneus, with quite similarity in external characters and distribution, belong to one species or not, has being existed the argument and confusion for a long time. To clarify the questions in classification, study and ratify the genetic status and provide specific molecular markers identifying the two grouper species, comparative studies were investigated based on ...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：2112005140317

利用改良Nest-tetra-primerspecificPCR技术对两种石斑鱼的鉴别

云纹石斑鱼(EPInEPHEluS MOArA)和褐石斑鱼(E.brunEuS)为石斑鱼属内近缘种,外形相似常被混淆.本研究改良建立了nEST-TETrA-PrIMEr SPECIfIC PCr方法,获得了云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼线粒体dnAnd2基因内的3个特异性条带,分别为内参序列nC1(394bP)、特异性条带nd2-M(268bP)和nd2-b(122bP),以及核基因组中核糖体dnAITS1区的5个特异性条带,分别为内参序列nC2(588bP)、nC3(563bP),特异性条带rdnA-M(426bP)、ITS1-M(488bP)和ITS1-b(304bP).研究结果不仅为两种石斑鱼的鉴别提供了稳定、可靠、快捷的特异性分子标记,而且也为鱼类近缘种的dnA鉴别提供了新的途径.国家自然科学基金(批准号:40576064);国家“八六三”计划(项目编号:2006AA10A414)资助项

Studies on chromosome karyotype,Ag-NORs and C-banding patterns of Lutjanus sebae

实验采用植物血凝素、秋水仙碱腹腔注射,肾细胞直接制片法分析了川纹笛鲷luTJAnuS SEbAE染色体核型、Ag-nOrS和C-带。结果表明:1)川纹笛鲷二倍体染色体数2n=48,核型公式为:2n=48T,nf=48;在第1对染色体靠近着丝粒部位有明显的次缢痕。2)染色体经快速银染后,Ag-nOrS的数目在不同细胞中表现出多态性,数目1—4个,2个Ag-nOrS的频率最高(占79%)。在分裂相中,第1对T染色体近着丝粒的次缢痕区均出现2个银染位点(Ag-nOrS阳性),且未见Ag-nOrS的联合现象。3)大多数染色体的着丝粒区显示出1个深浅不同的C-带,在第1对染色体的随体区域分布有大量的结构异染色质,表现C-带强阳性。讨论了鱼类核型演化规律和Ag-nOrS、C-带的发生机制,以及川纹笛鲷的进化地位。Studies on karyotype,Ag-NORs,and C-banding of Lutjanus sebae were performed.The chromosomes were re-ceived from the head kidney by using a method of injecting with PHA and colchicines,air drying,and Giemsa staining.The results were as follows.1) The karyotypic formula of L.sebae was 2n=48t,NF=48.Meanwhile,a pair of chromosomes,with secondary constriction near the centromere,was found on chromosome 1.2) The Ag-NORs polymorphisms were individually specific in this fish.The silver staining pots were 1-4,and the number of Ag-NORs was mainly 2(79%).A pair of nucleolar organizer regions was observed on the secondary constriction of chromosome 1,and no Ag-NORs combination was found.3) Centromeres of most chromosomes were C-bandings positive,and heterochromatin was detected at the satellite zone of chro-mosome 1.Thus,we discussed the evolution of karyotype,the developing mechanism of Ag-NORs,and C-bandings for fish.The phylogenetic condition of L.sebae was evaluated as well.国家自然科学基金项目(30070595);国家“863”计划项目(2006AA10A414

The Skeletal System of Oreochromis niloticus×O.mossambicus

采用3种方法制成红罗非鱼整体和分离的骨骼标本,并详细叙述了骨骼系统的结构.红罗非鱼鼻骨发达,无后耳骨和基蝶骨,眶后骨短管状,脑颅背面有由额骨、颅顶骨和上枕骨共同形成的3列骨嵴以及第三椎体上有强大腹突等是红罗非鱼骨骼系统的主要特点.In this paper,three methods were used to obtain the unitary and separate skeletal samples of Oreochromis niloticus×O.mossambicus,and the configuration of the skeletal system was described in detail.Although there is a lack of opxisthoticum and basisphenoid,Oreochromis niloticus×O.mossambicus has well-developed nasal bones;furthermore,all post-orbital bones are short tube-like.On the dorsal view of neurocranium,there is a three-rows bone ridge which is made up of frontal bone、parietal bone and supraoccipital bone.There is a strong ventral process on the No.3 centrum,it may be the trait of the genus Oreochromis.These are the main characteristics of the skeleton system of Oreochromis niloticus×O.mossambicus

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Reared Nibea diacanthus Stock by RAPD

采用22个随机引物对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析.共检测出248个位点,其中有104个多态位点,平均多态位点百分率P为41.9%;其个体间的平均遗传距离L为0.065 7,平均相似系数S为0.934 3,Shannon遗传多样性指数H0为0.282 9.通过与其他一些鱼类的RAPD研究结果进行对比,对双棘黄姑鱼人工繁育群体的遗传多样性水平进行了分析评估,文中同时就人工繁育及鱼类种质资源的可持续利用问题进行了初步讨论.22 random primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the reared Nibea diacanthus stock by using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) in this study.A total of 248 loci were amplified,of which 104 loci were polymorphic,and the mean percentage of polymorphic loci was 41.9%;the average genetic diversity(L) and the genetic similarity(S) of this stock were (0.065 7) and 0.934 3 respectively;Shannon's information index(H_0) was 0.282 9.The genetic diversity of the reared Nibea diacanthus stock was analysed and evaluated by comparing with the RAPD results of other fishes.Meanwhile,artificial propagation and sustainable utilization of fish resource were discussed in this paper.福建省自然科学基金(B0110004)资

Study on the Karyotypes of Pomacanthus imperator

实验采用PHA、秋水仙碱腹腔注射,肾细胞直接制片法分析了主刺盖鱼染色体核型,结果表明,主刺盖鱼二倍体染色体数2n=48,核型公式为:48t,NF=48.论文还对刺盖鱼科3属7个种类的染色体核型进行了比较分析,探讨了刺盖鱼科染色体进化的趋势和规律.The karyotypes of Pomacanthus imperator were examined in the paper.The samples were separately injected by PHA and colchicines.The chromosomes were received from the head-kidney tissue by using air drying method and Giemsa staining.The result showed that the chromosome number of Pomacanthus imperator was 48,and its karyotype formula was 2n=48t,NF=48.The presence of 48 acrocentric chromosomes is considered to be a sinapomorphy for modern teleosts,especially common in marine species.This basal karyotype is found in many reef Perciformes species,yet there is karyotypical diversification in Pomacanthidae.The evolution conservation and variation of karyotype of Pomacanthidae fishes were discussed in the paper

Histologic comparative study of muscles of several commercial fishes in coastal waters of the southeast China seas

采用石蜡组织切片的方法,对大黄鱼(PSEudOSCIAEnA CrOCEA)5个品系以及斜带髭鲷(HAPAlOgEnyS nITEnS)、牙鲆(PArAlICHTHyS OlIVACEuS)、青石斑鱼(EPInEPHEluS AWOArA)、尼罗罗非鱼(TIlAPIA nIlOTICA)和条纹斑竹鲨(CHIlOSCyllIuM PlAgIOSuM)等鱼类肌肉纤维组织学特性的研究表明:野生大黄鱼与野生养殖品系肌肌肉纤维在组织学上没有明显差异,而雌核发育品系及其杂交后代则相对野生品系表现出显著差异,它们的肌肉纤维更细密;不同种鱼之间肌肌肉纤维在组织学表现出巨大的差异,是与各个种类的遗传特征和生存模式相适应的。Muscles of 5 large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) strains and 5 other species of fish in the southeast coastal waters were observed by using paraffin section.The results showed that among large yellow croaker strains, there was no significant difference in muscle fibers between wild fish and their cultured progenies, but gynogenesis strain and its hybrid progenies showed a greater density of muscle fibers than other strains.There were also evident differences between species, and the differences reflected the genetic features and living mode of the fish species.国家863计划资助项目(2006AA10A405

Reliability and validity of multicomponent mental health literacy measure- Chinese version in male military personnel

目的 评价中文版多元心理健康素养量表在中国男性军人中的信度和效度，为该量表在中国的推广使用提供参考依据。方法 于2018 年11 &mdash; 12 月采用整群随机抽样方法抽取驻地在北京、天津、河北和山东的1 106 名男性军人进行中文版多元心理健康素养量表测试，间隔6 周后选取其中237 人对量表进行重测；采用项目分析、内部一致性信度、重测信度、结构效度、聚敛效度和区分效度进行量表的信度和效度评价。结果 中文版多元心理健康素养量表在原量表基础上修订了2 个条目，并删除了同质性较差的2 个条目和载荷绝对值较小的2 个条目后共包括22 个条目；项目分析结果显示，中文版多元心理健康素养量表的22 个条目得分与量表总分的相关系数为0.20～0.48（均P &lt; 0.01），量表具有较好的项目区分度；量表总体Cronbach&prime;s &alpha; 系数和重测信度分别为0.80 和0.64，知识、信念和资源3 个维度的Cronbach&prime;s &alpha; 系数分别为0.76、0.71 和0.77，量表具有较好的信度；探索性因子分析结果显示，中文版多元心理健康素养量表3 个公因子的累计方差贡献率为38.59 %，各条目所属因子结构与原量表基本一致；验证性因素分析结果显示，中文版多元心理健康素养量表的拟合优度指数（ GFI）为0.91、残差均方根（RMR）为0.01、平均概似平方误根系数（RMSEA）为0.06、调整拟合优度指数（AGFI）为0.90，模型拟合较好；重测样本的多元心理健康素养总分、知识维度得分、信念维度得分、资源维度得分和心理健康知识问卷总分分别为（13.00 &plusmn;4.05）、（5.45 &plusmn; 2.49）、（4.76 &plusmn; 2.07）、（2.78 &plusmn; 1.29）和（14.82 &plusmn; 2.50）分，多元心理健康素养量表总分及各维度得分与心理健康知识问卷总分均呈正相关（均P &lt; 0.01）；初测样本的多元心理健康素养总分、知识维度得分、信念维度得分、资源维度得分、抑郁量表得分和焦虑量表得分分别为（ 11.47 &plusmn; 4.35） 、（ 5.09 &plusmn; 2.52） 、（ 3.95 &plusmn; 2.08） 、（ 2.43 &plusmn;1.43）、（3.21 &plusmn; 3.82）和（2.65 &plusmn; 2.99）分，多元心理健康素养量表总分及信念和资源维度得分与抑郁和焦虑量表得分均呈负相关（均P &lt; 0.01）；量表的聚敛效度和区分效度均较好。结论 中文版多元心理健康素养量表具有较好的信度和效度，可作为中国军人的心理健康素养评估工具。</p

Comparative studies on morphology of Epinephelus moara and E.bruneus

对在分类上存在混乱的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)和褐石斑鱼(E.bruneus)的外部形态和骨骼系统进行了比较研究,结果表明:两种石斑鱼的体形和体表横带等外部形态特征非常相似,但体表斑纹不同;Fisher逐步判别法分析得出两者在可量性状,如体长/肛长、背鳍基底长/臀鳍基底长和头长/眼径,可数性状,如背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数和幽门盲囊数等方面的差异达到极显著水平(p<0.001);两者骨骼系统均由脑颅、咽颅、脊柱、肋骨和附肢骨骼组成,主轴和附肢骨骼的形态结构基本相同,但在脑颅的眶前骨和眶后骨、咽颅的前鳃盖骨和尾舌骨、附肢骨骼的髓棘间骨以及尾下骨与尾鳍鳍条连接方式等方面存在明显差异。上述形态与骨骼差异可作为两种石斑鱼种间分类的依据。研究结果确认云纹石斑鱼和褐石斑鱼为两个不同的物种。To identify the animal species accurately is very important for both biologist and farmer.Groupers are of considerable importance in the commercial and artisanal fisheries in tropical and subtropical seas.It presents certain difficulties and confusions in the identification of the species.For example,whether E.moara and E.bruneus,with the closely similarity in outer shape and distribution belong to one species or not,has being existed the argument for a long time.The interspecific differences between them were mainly identified on the basis of the skeleton system as well as the meristic and morphometric characters.The results revealed as the followings:(1) Although their outer shape,color and bands were very similar,the bars on the body were different.By means of the Fisher Discriminant Function Analysis,statistically significant difference would be found to exist between E.moara and E.bruneus(p<0.001) in meristic and morphometric characters,such as the ratios of body length/snout-vent length,dorsal fin coxal length/ anal fin coxal length and head length/diameter of eyes,the numbers of dorsal fin rays,gill rakers and pyloric caeca;(2) They were basically homologous on the configuration and composition of neurocranium,splanchnocranium,vertebrate,rib and appendicular skeleton,but there were many remarkably differences: Preorbital,Post-orbital,Preoperculare,Urohyal,Predorsal interneural spine and the connection of Hypurals and Caudal spine and so on.As we known,these skeletons could also be used as the important characters to identify genera or species in fishes.Accordingly,we considered that E.moara and E.bruneus were different species in the same genus.国家自然科学基金资助(4057606440306023

一种基于光纤激光器的废旧金属智能分拣系统和方法

本发明涉及一种基于光纤激光器的废旧金属智能分拣系统和方法，包括输送带子系统连接主控计算机子系统，用于将废旧金属样品从废料入口位置输送至回收处理位置；图像采集子系统采集输送带上样品图像信息，反馈回主控计算机子系统；LIBS子系统用于扫描激发传送带上的废旧金属样品，采集废旧金属样品的特征光谱，发送到主控计算机子系统；分拣子系统连接主控计算机子系统，接收主控计算机子系统发送的归类控制命令，用于根据归类控制命令，在回收处理位置对废旧金属样品进行归类处理。本发明将高频脉冲光纤激光器用于系统中，能量转换效率更高，整个系统的体积小，结构更为紧凑，聚焦光斑能量密度高且均匀，可以很好的提高分拣精度，而且分拣效率高