柽柳科红砂属(Reaumuria L.)的分类与分布

柽柳科红砂属植物种类在我国的分布虽然不多,但属的种类可形成亚洲干旱区荒漠地带的建群种或优势种。目前尚无分类专著和系统的分类研究。根据世界各地植物志和国内标本馆信息,对世界红砂属的分类和分布进行了系统的整理。确认红砂属含21种,隶属2亚属2组6系,我国仅4种。该属是中亚干旱区集中分布的一个属,有18种之多,但也延伸到西亚、南欧、北非等地。在亚属、组、系的分类等级上,对其分布进行了分布点图的标记,并对中国分布的4种红砂也进行了标记

Electrochemical Synthesis of Porous Polyaniline Electrodes Using HKUST-1 as a Template and their Electrochemical Supercapacitor Property

以涂敷在碳布基体上的金属有机骨架多孔材料HKUST-1为硬模板，使用单极脉冲法沉积聚苯胺制备了具有电活性的多孔复合电极Micro-PANI/CC，同时以空白碳布(Carbon Cloth，CC)为基体制备了聚苯胺电极PANI/CC，并研究、比较了它们的电化学电容器性能. 使用XRD、SEM分析了所得电极的结构，结果显示电极Micro-PANI/CC表面具有大量的纳米孔状结构. 在0.5 mol·L-1硫酸为电解液的体系中测试了循环伏安、恒电流充放电、阻抗以及稳定性等特性，在扫速为2 mV·s-1 时，电极Micro-PANI/CC和PANI/CC的比电容分别为895.6 F·g-1和547.6 F·g-1，在其它测试条件相同的情况下，前者的比电容保持在后者的1.64倍以上，且具有更好的倍率特性、更低的电阻和较好的稳定性等特点，说明这种以HKUST-1为模板形成的多孔聚苯胺更适于超级电容器电极材料.Excellent electrode plays vital important role in the performance of supercapacitors. Polyaniline (PANI) with good conductivity is often used to prepare electrode. However, its available surface is limited and results in a poor supercapacitance in many cases. It is desirable to fabricate an electrode containing electroactive PANI with high surface area deriving from its porous structure. Here, the metal-organic framework (MOF) material with high surface area was selected as a hard template for synthesizing porous PANI. Microporous PANI composite electrodes (Micro-PANI/CC) were fabricated by depositing aniline on to carbon cloth (CC) pre-coated with MOF material of HKUST-1 using a unipolar pulse electro-polymerization method. At the same time, the PANI electrodes (PANI/CC) were also synthesized on blank carbon cloth for further comparatively studying their supercapacitor performances. Their microstructure and morphology were characterized by using XRD and SEM. Results indicate that the micro-PANI/CC electrode was composed of aggregated nanosized PANI spheres with pore structure. The cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge and discharge, impedance and stability tests were performed to evaluate the supercapacitor properties in 0.5 mol·L-1 sulfuric acid electrolyte. Specific capacitances of micro-PANI/CC and PANI/CC electrodes were 895.6 F·g-1 and 547.6 F·g-1  at scan rate of 2 mV·s-1 , respectively. At the same given conditions, the specific capacitance of micro-PANI/CC electrode was always 1.64 times higher than that of PANI/CC electrode. Meanwhile, the micro-PANI/CC electrode exhibited better rate capability, lower resistance and better stability of charge and discharge than PANI/CC. all the results imply that the microporous PANI templated from HKUST-1 could be a good candidate for the electrode of supercapacitors.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21476156）山西省自然科学基金项目（No. 2014011012-05）资助作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学工程系，山西 太原 030024Author's Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Synthesis of PANI/NiHCF Nanocomposite Particles and EQCM Measurement of Ion Exchange Properties in Solutions Containing Cd2+

本文采用循环伏安一步共聚法在碳纳米管(CNTs)修饰的铂基底上制备了聚苯胺/铁氰化镍(PANI/NiHCF)纳米复合颗粒. 通过电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)技术检测了复合颗粒制备过程的质量改变量，并用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了复合颗粒的微观形貌和组成. 结合循环伏安法和EDS能谱考察了该复合电极对Cd2+离子的交换性能. 结果表明，三维多孔的CNTs不仅可促进复合颗粒的沉积，而且其独特的网络结构和表面特性对形成PANI/NiHCF复合颗粒的立方体构型起至关重要的作用. 该复合电极在0.1 mol·L-1 Cd(NO3)2溶液中显示了良好的电活性，对Cd2+离子有可逆的离子交换性能，通过电控离子交换法可实现废水中Cd2+离子的高效分离.The PANI/NiHCF nanocomposite particles were synthesized on the CNTs-modified Pt substrate by one-step co-polymerization using cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique was adopted to investigate the polymerization process of the nanocomposite particles and the mechanism of ion exchange in aqueous solution containing Cd2+． The morphology and structure of the as-prepared composite particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Combined with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the electrochemical behavior and the mechanism of ion exchange were also investigated in electrolytes of Cd2+. Experimental results indicated that the cubic nanocomposite particles of PANI/NiHCF were formed and distributed uniformly on the CNTs substrate. The particles exhibited good electroactivity and reversible electrochemical behavior in aqueous solution containing Cd2+, and the Cd2+ ions could be separated from aqueous solutions by ESIX processes.国家自然科学基金(No. 20676089)，山西省自然科学基金(No. 2012011020-5, No. 2012011006-1)及山西省国际科技合作计划项目(No. 2011081028)资助作者联系地址：太原理工大学，化学化工学院化学工程系，山西 太原 030024Author's Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Electrochemically Switched Ion Exchange Properties of PANI-SnP Composite Films in Wastewater Containing Ni2+ and Cd2+

采用滴涂法在铂基底制备了电活性聚苯胺-磷酸锡(PANI-SnP)复合膜电极，考察了该电极在Ni2+、Cd2+溶液的电控离子交换性能. 用傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜分析观察复合膜的组成及表面形貌；在0.1 mol·L-1 Ni(NO3)2、Cd(NO3)2溶液，通过循环伏安法比较了PANI膜、SnP膜及PANI-SnP复合膜电极的电化学性能，并结合电化学石英晶体微天平技术重点考察了PANI-SnP复合膜的离子交换机制；同时，通过循环伏安法调控复合膜电极的氧化还原电位，结合X射线能谱和X射线光电子能谱分别测定了其氧化和还原状态的元素组成. 结果表明，PANI-SnP复合膜电极在Ni2+、Cd2+溶液均有良好的氧化还原电活性和可逆离子交换性能，其Cd2+离子选择性优于Ni2+离子，通过电控离子交换可使Cd2+离子从镍镉废水高效分离.Electroactive PANI-SnP composite films were prepared by drop-coating method on Pt electrodes and investigated as electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) materials for the separation of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions. The composition and morphology of the composite film were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In solutions containing 0.1 mol·L-1 Ni(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior and ion-exchange mechanism of PANI-SnP composite film. The elementary composition of PANI-SnP composite films in both oxidation and reduction states were also characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Experimental results show that the PANI-SnP composite films have reversible electrochemical behavior in aqueous solutions containing Cd2+ and Ni2+, respectively. The PANI-SnP composite film electrodes displayed a high selectivity toward Cd2+ in Cd2+/Ni2+ binary mixtures and the Cd2+ ions could be separated effectively from aqueous solutions by ESIX processes.国家自然科学基金(No. 20676089)，山西省自然科学基金(No. 2012011020-5, No. 2012011006-1)，山西省国际科技合作计划项目(No. 2011081028)资助作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院化学工程系，山西 太原 030024Author's Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Electrochemically Switched Separation of Yttrium Ion Using Electroactive Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Thin Films in Rare Earth Metal Solution

通过电沉积方法分别在镀铂石英晶片和铂基底上制备了电活性铁氰化镍膜，并考察了膜电极在含钇离子溶液中的电控离子交换性能. 在0.1 mol·L-1的硝酸钇溶液中，使用循环伏安法及石英晶体微天平技术测试考察了铁氰化镍膜对钇离子的置入释放性能及对应的质量变化，同时比较了铁氰化镍膜电极在Y(NO3)3和Sr(NO3)2溶液中的电化学性能. 在0.1 mol·L-1 [Y(NO3)3 + Sr(NO3)2]混合溶液中，通过循环伏安法分析了薄膜对Y3+/Sr2+离子的选择性. 用扫描电子显微镜观察了铁氰化镍膜的表面形貌，并通过X射线光电子能谱仪测定了膜在氧化和还原状态下的元素组成. 结果表明，铁氰化镍膜在含Y3+溶液中具有良好的离子交换行为，其中氧化过程薄膜质量减少，对应着钇离子的释放；还原过程薄膜质量增加，对应钇离子的置入；在0.0 V或0.9 V调控膜电极的氧化还原状态实现对钇离子的有效分离.Electroactive nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) thin films were synthesized by cathodic deposition and investigated as electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) materials for the separation of Y3+ from aqueous solutions. In 0.1 mol·L-1 Y(NO3)3 solution, cyclic voltammetry (CV) combined with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique was used to investigate the electroactivity, reversibility of the film electrodes and the mechanism of ion exchange. The electrochemical behavior of NiHCF film electrodes was also compared with that in Sr(NO3)2 solutions. The ion selectivity of the film was investigated in 0.1 mol·L-1 solutions containing [Y(NO3)3 + Sr(NO3)2]. The elementary composition of NiHCF films in reduced and oxidized forms were also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Experimental results show that the electroactive NiHCF films have reversible electrochemical behavior in aqueous solutions containing Y3+ and Sr2+, respectively. The NiHCF film electrodes displayed a high Y3+ selectivity in Y3+/Sr2+ binary mixtures and the Y3+ ions could be separated effectively from aqueous solutions by ESIX processes.国家自然科学基金项目(No. 21276173)、山西省自然科学基金项目(No. 2012011020-5，No. 2012011006-1)及山西省国际科技合作计划项目(No. 2011081028)资助作者联系地址：太原理工大学化学化工学院，山西 太原 030024Author's Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

柽柳科红砂属(Reaumuria L.)的分类与分布/Classification and Distribution of the Genus Reaumuria L.in Tamaricaceae[J]

柽柳科红砂属植物种类在我国的分布虽然不多,但属的种类可形成亚洲干旱区荒漠地带的建群种或优势种.目前尚无分类专著和系统的分类研究.根据世界各地植物志和国内标本馆信息,对世界红砂属的分类和分布进行了系统的整理.确认红砂属含21种,隶属2亚属2组6系,我国仅4种.该属是中亚干旱区集中分布的一个属,有18种之多,但也延伸到西亚、南欧、北非等地.在亚属、组、系的分类等级上,对其分布进行了分布点图的标记,并对中国分布的4种红砂也进行了标记

绿色农业新技术集成研究与示范

一、该项目针对农业生产中食品安全和环境污染问题,开展了S-诱抗素、新奥霉素、壳寡糖、棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂与昆虫病原线虫生物制剂、功能性堆肥及其浸提液工业化生产等的试验和示范,立项准确,针对性强,意义重大。 二、项目研究出S-诱抗素等生物制剂及其生产工艺、工厂化技术;研究开发出昆虫病原线虫活体繁殖技术,实现了工厂化生产;研究开发了两种功能性堆肥及浸提液,提出了“功能性堆肥+秸秆生物反应堆+堆肥浸提液+S-诱抗素等生物制剂”健康、安全设施蔬菜生产模式;在宁夏实现了地上、地下,土壤、作物生物制剂联防技术体系,为低耗、高效、安全、健康农产品生产开辟了新途径。 三、在S-诱抗素、新奥霉素高产菌株的生产工艺,昆虫病原线虫活体繁殖工厂化生产方面取得了新突破;在S-诱抗素、新奥霉素、壳寡糖、棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂、功能性堆肥及其浸提液集成应用控制作物病虫害等方面有创新。研究成果达到了国内先进水平,S-诱抗素、新奥霉素高产菌株的生产工艺研究达到国际领先。 四、项目执行期间,在宁夏15个市县建立核心试验基地14个,示范推广点40个,累计推广面积17万亩,新增效益9600万元。获得发明专利4项,实用新型专利1项,制定地方标准5项,专著1部,发表论文19篇(其中SCI收录6篇)。培训农技人员300人次,农民4700多人次