Biomimetic Applications of Glass Conical Nanochannel

在生命体系中，存在各种各样的生物纳米通道于细胞膜、内质网膜和核膜中，并对外界环境的不同刺激进行响应，在物质传输、信号传导以及神经传导中起着重要作用。受到生物纳米通道的启发，人们利用各种材料研制了人造纳米通道以模拟生物离子通道功能。同生物纳米通道相比，人造纳米通道在许多方面更具优势，比如几何形状和大小尺寸可控，机械性能良好，更易进行各种功能化修饰等。目前人造纳米通道经过功能化修饰构建成的微纳米元器件，已经广泛应用于生物医学、化学、分子生物学、材料学等领域。本论文以玻璃锥形纳米通道为研究对象，通过在纳米通道内壁表面修饰上各种功能分子以实现在多种刺激下调控纳米通道的离子传输性质，从而模拟生物离子通道...In living systems, there are a variety of biological nanochannels in cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and nuclear envelope, which offer response to external environment stimuli and play key roles in signaling, mass transfer, transportation and nerve conduction. Inspired by these asymmetric structures and responsive ion transport of biological ion channels, synthetic nanochannels are b...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院_分析化学学号：2052009015329

Non-equilibrium Kinetics of Clusters Growth under Laser Ablation (Ⅰ)

联系人:郑兰荪[中文文摘]以激光溅射的方式，可以产生不同尺寸与组分的原子团簇．但是对这些团簇的生长过程，却一直缺少比较深入和细致的研究．本文结合激光真空溅射石墨的实验条件，考虑了激光能量、体系膨胀、环境压力、热量辐射等诸多因素，建立了在该条件下碳原子团簇生长的物理模型，得出了相应的动力学方程的数值解．计算结果表明：每个激光脉冲溅射出约8×10－9mol（5×1015个）粒子，它们产生时的初始压力约为2×105Pa．由于扩散等因素，团簇的形成反应在785μs后已不可能进行，但是各团簇产物的产率在反应开始后0．4μs左右已达到最大值，在约1．5μs内反应即已基本完成，因为此后原子团簇的尺寸分布不再有显著的差异．[英文文摘]Clusters with various sizes and compositions can be produced by laser ablation in high vacuum, but the formation mechanism of the clusters under given condition still remains to be understood. In this paper, a kinetic model of clusters formed from laser ablation was suggested with considering different experimental conditions such as abating laser power, backing pressure, expansion of the laser vaporized plasma, thermal radiation and etc., and numerical solution of the relevant kinetic equation was obtained.According to the calculation,about 1.9×105 Pa.Mainly due to the diffusion of the particals formation reaction of the clusters cannot succeed at 7.85μs of the ablation laser pulse,but the yields of different cluster products reach their maxima at first 0.4μs .On the whole,size distribution of the clusters is unvaried after 1.5μs,so the formation reaction actually ends by that time.国家自然科学基金;教育部资

激光溅射下原子团簇生长的非平衡动力学(II)

在“半球模型”(即假设激光溅射产生的等离子体向空间均匀膨胀 )的基础上 ,在考虑了因等离子体膨胀和热辐射等引起的温度和体积的变化的情况下 ,进一步考虑了碳簇的链状、单环、双环、多环及富勒烯等五种结构及中性粒子与中性粒子、中性粒子与离子两种反应 ,计算了碳簇中性分子和离子的形成动力学及其尺寸分布.计算结果表明离子的尺寸分布可以近似代表中性粒子的尺寸分布 ,动力学计算所模拟的碳簇的尺寸分布与实验记录的碳簇离子的质谱特征较为相似

An Introduction of Soil and Water Conservation in Iceland

介绍了冰岛的土壤侵蚀演变,水土保持措施及成效,水土保持组织和环境修复技术。冰岛土壤侵蚀演变的驱动力主要有植被破坏、过度放牧、严酷的气候条件和火山爆发。控制放牧密度和开展环境修复是冰岛最主要的水土保持措施

Study of Interaction Between Bovine Serum Albumin and Cobalt Complexes of Phenanthroline and Nitrilotriacetate by Fluorescence Spectrometry

利用溶液法合成了邻菲啰啉(PHEn)和氨三乙酸(H3nTA)钴配合物CO(PHEn)2Cl2(1),nA[CO(nTA)].H2O(2),[CO(PHEn)2(H2O)2][CO(nTA)(PHEn)]2.12H2O(3),对配合物3进行了X射线单晶衍射表征,结果表明:该配合物属三斜晶系,P1空间群,A=1.2448(2)nM,b=1.5898(3)nM,C=1.7412(3)nM,α=91.746(3)°,β=97.807(3)°,γ=103.745(3)°,V=3.309(1)nM3.利用荧光光谱法研究了室温下这3种配合物与牛血清白蛋白(bSA)的相互作用,并测定了不同温度下这3种配合物与bSA相互作用的荧光强度变化,确定配合物1和3对bSA的荧光猝灭方式均为静态猝灭;分析了配合物1和3与bSA相互作用时的结合常数、结合位点数以及热力学函数与温度之间的关系,进一步讨论了这2种配合物分别与bSA相互作用时的作用位点、作用力的类型以及两者之间的距离.Cobalt complexes [Co(phen)2Cl2(1),Na[Co(nta)]·H2O(2),[Co(phen)2(H2O)2]·[Co(nta)(phen)]2·12H2O(3)](phen: phenanthroline,nta: nitrilotriacetate) were synthesized in solution,and the structure of complex 3 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD).It crystallized in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a=1.2448(2) nm,b=1.5898(3) nm,c=1.7412(3) nm,α=91.746(3)°,β=97.807(3)°,γ=103.745(3)°,V=3.309(1) nm3.The interaction between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and complexes 1—3 was investigated with fluorescence spectra at room temperature.Fluorescence quenchings were shown as static quenching for complexes 1 and 3 based on the fluorescence spectrum at different temperatures.The binding constant,binding sites and thermodynamic functions were calculated.The interaction sites,binding force and distance for BSA with complexes 1 and 3 were discussed respectively.国家自然科学基金(批准号:21073150)资

Introduction to Cooperative Research Programs of Sino-U S Joint Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection

进入21世纪,中国水土保持与环境保护工作面临着严峻的挑战。为了提高我国水土流失的治理水平,有必要借鉴发达国家在水土保持方面的经验和技术。主要介绍了于2002年成立的中美水土保持与环境保护研究中心所开展的主要合作领域和合作交流项目,包括风蚀、水蚀过程研究,土壤侵蚀防治,旱地农业水土保持,风蚀、水蚀过程模拟,水质监测与模拟,土壤管理对环境质量的影响,流域评价工具等