从国际法的运行过程看理性手段的突出运用——浅析理性的争端处理观

本文对理性手段的内涵作了一番新的解构,在和平与发展的时代主题要求下,主权实体采取理性手段可以更好地面对新的全球性危机、威胁,而且从经济学的效益价值分析,这也是符合各主权实体利益的。在国际法的运行过程中,采用理性手段一方面表现为争端解决方法的多元化;另一方面指通过国际合作方式预防争端

Design of an MAC protocol for distributed wireless network with low power consumption

为了提高分布式全双工无线网络的能量效率,提出了一种改进的低功耗全双工媒体访问控制（MAC）协议.不同于传统的MAC协议,该MAC协议通过降低数据包以及确认包的传输功率来实现能量有效性.提出的MAC协议支持双向以及单向两种链路,并保持对传统半双工节点具有向后兼容性,实现了较高的吞吐量.通过基于随机几何的方法对提出的MAC协议进行了仿真分析与性能评估,结果证明了其有效性和准确性,是全双工无线网络可行的一种解决方案.In order to improve the energy efficiency of the distributed full duplex wireless network, an improved full duplex medium access control (MAC) protocol with low power consumption was proposed. Unlike the traditional MAC protocol, the proposed MAC protocol could achieve the energy efficiency through reducing the transmission power of data and acknowledgement packets. The proposed MAC protocol supported both bidirectional and unidirectional links, and maintained the backward compatibility to the traditional half duplex nodes, which could achieve a high throughput. The simulation analysis and performance evaluation for the proposed MAC protocol were carried out based on the random geometry method. The results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed method is a feasible solution scheme for the full duplex wireless network. ? 2017, Editorial Department of Journal of Shenyang University of Technology. All right reserved.国家文化部科技创新资助项目（WHBKJCXXM20142554）;国家文化部科技提升资助项目（GJWHKJTSXM20151991）; 江苏省高等教育教改课题资助项目（2015jsjg411

Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Like Active Carbon Materials for High Performance Lithium-Sulfur Battery

锂硫电池由于具有较高的理论容量被视为一种最具发展潜力的储能装置. 然而,硫的利用率较低及循环寿命短等问题限制着其商业化进程. 本文通过一种简单易行的方法将三聚氰胺（C3H6N6）和L半胱氨酸(C3H7NO2S)碳化,制备出一种氮掺杂类石墨烯活性碳材料（NGC）. 该材料的类石墨烯结构能够有效抑制锂硫电池在充放电过程中产生的体积效应,以此提升其循环性能. 不仅如此,材料中含有的含氮官能团还可以促进离子转移,抑制多硫化物的溶解,进而提升硫的利用率. 其中,制备出的NGC-8/PS复合电极用于锂硫电池时在0.2 C的电流密度下初始容量为1164.1 mAh·g-1,在经过400圈的充放电循环之后依然具有909.4 mAh·g-1的比容量,每圈容量衰减仅为0.05%,甚至在2C的电流密度下也能达到820 mAh·g-1的高比容量.Lithium-sulphur (Li-S) battery is regarded as a promising energy storage device because of its high theoretical capacity. However, the low S utilization and short cycling life limit the commercial applications. In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene-like carbon (NGC) materials were synthesized by simply pyrolyzing and carbonizing the mixture of melamine (C3H6N6) and L-cysteine (C3H7NO2S). The graphene-like structure in NGC effectively buffered the volume change of S during the discharge/charge process and improved the cycling stability. Meanwhile, nitrogen-containing functional groups in NGC facilitated the transportation of ions and suppressed the dissolution of polysulphide (PS), enabling a high utilization of S. As expected, the NGC-8 (the mass ratio of melamine and L-cysteine being 8:1)/PS cathode delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1164.1 mAh·g-1 at 0.2 C and still retained 909.4 mAh·g-1 capacity after 400 cycles with a slow capacity decay rate of 0.05% per cycle. Even at as high as 2 C, a high-rate capacity of 820 mAh·g-1 could be achieved.通讯作者:李长明E-mail:[email protected]:LIChang-mingE-mail:[email protected].西南大学材料与能源学院,洁净能源和先进材料研究所,重庆 4007152.苏州科技大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏 苏州 2150093.青岛大学生命科学学院,先进跨学科科学研究所,山东 青岛,2660711. Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China;2. Institute for Materials Science & Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science & Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China;3. Institute for Advanced Cross-field Sciences, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. Chin

Effects of a combination therapy with a compound Chinese medicine and an enteral nutrition powder in the treatment of mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

目的 评估健脾益气复方中药颗粒剂联合肠内营养粉剂安素治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的有效性与安全性。方法 选取雄性小鼠96只,其中24只作为正常对照组,其余72只采用烟熏小鼠法建立COPD模型,随机分3组：COPD模型组、安素治疗组（0.558 g/m L安素,0.1 m L/10 g小鼠）及中药联合安素治疗组（0.558 g/m L安素,0.1 m L/10 g小鼠＋2.5 g/m L中药,0.06 m L/10 g小鼠）。所有小鼠在实验全程进行体重监测,并分别在治疗前、治疗后2周及5周进行血清学检测及肺组织切片检查。结果 与正常对照组小鼠相比,COPD模型组小鼠体重增加明显减缓,血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量均明显降低（P〈0.05）,血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶含量均明显升高（P〈0.05）。与COPD模型组小鼠相比,中药联合安素治疗组小鼠的体重明显回升,治疗后5周,血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著增加（P〈0.05）,血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶含量均明显下降（P〈0.05）。病理切片结果也证实了中药联合安素治疗对COPD肺部病理改变具有明显改善作用。结论 健脾益气复方中药联合肠内营养粉剂安素可明显改善COPD营养不良状况,并有效改善其肺组织受损情况。Objective To evaluate the validity and safety of a combination therapy with a compound Chinese medicine and an enteral nutrition powder ensure on chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases （COPD）. Methods Among 96 male mice, 24 mice were randomly selected as a normal control group, the other 72 mice were induced as COPD mice after 60-day smoking. These COPD mice were then randomly divided into 3 groups： COPD positive group, Ensure treatment group （0.558 g/mL Ensure, 0.1 mL/10 g mice）, combina- tion therapy group （0.558 g/mL Ensure, 0.1 mL/10 g mice＋2.5 g/mL traditional Chinese medicin, 0.06 mL/10 g mice）. The weights of all mice were monitored during the whole experimental period. The serologic tests were carried out before and at different time points （2 weeks or 5 weeks） after the treatments began. Meanwhile, histological examinations of their lungs were performed. Results Compared with the normal control group mice, COPD mice showed a lower amount of serum albumin （P 〈 0.05） and a higher level of serum aminotransferase activity （P 〈 0.05） with a much slower rate in weight gaining. After 5-week treatments with the combination albumin were increased gradually （P 〈 0.05） therapy, compared with the COPD positive group, the amounts of serum and the serum aminotransferase activities were returned to normal （P 〈 0.05）. Results from histological examinations confirmed the efficacy of the combination therapy on COPD mice. Conclusion The combination therapy with a compound Chinese medicine and an enteral nutrition Ensure is effective in improvement of poor nutrition status in COPD mice induced by smoking, and effectively improve the lung tissue damage.福建省福州市卫生系统科技计划项目（2014-S-W29）;福建省福州市科技计划项目（2015-S-141-4）;福建省福州经济技术开发区科技计划项目（2015mw08）

2016年夏季南海海盆水体颗粒物粒径分布特征

颗粒物粒径分布（Particle Size Distribution,PSD）代表了颗粒物浓度与颗粒物粒径之间的关系,影响着海洋生态环境和水体光学特性等。文章基于2016年夏季航次调查的生物光学剖面数据,研究了南海海盆海域PSD的分布特征。研究发现,幂律函数可以较好地拟合南海海盆区域的PSD,对数空间中的实测的PSD与模拟的PSD平均决定系数高达0.95。PSD斜率（ξ）的分布范围为[1.27,7.65],均值为3.93±0.56。南海海盆区域表层水体的ξ均值与全球大洋表层水体的ξ均值相近,但高于海湾等表层水体的ξ均值。ξ能较好地表征颗粒物平均粒径DA的大小,两者存在明显负相关关系,即ξ值越高,DA越小;反之,DA越大。通过分析T1断面的生物光学剖面数据及总体平均的PSD剖面数据,发现PSD剖面分布特征如下:1)表层水体的ξ值相对较高,且DA值相对较低,推测可能是由于微微型藻类为主导颗粒物所致;2)ξ值极小值层出现在次表层叶绿素浓度极大值层（Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layer,SCML）中,并伴随DA极大值层的出现,其原因可能是SCML中的大粒径浮游植物占比显著增加;3)弱光层中的ξ值较SCML中的高,但略低于表层的ξ值,而DA则位于表层与SCML的DA之间,这可能与浮游植物及其碎屑的絮凝、分解、沉降等过程相关。PSD特征影响着海水的固有光学特性,分析发现:由于SCML中的叶绿素浓度增加,颗粒物散射系数（bp（532））和颗粒物后向散射系数(bbp（532）)也相应呈现显著增加的趋势。弱光层中的平均bp（532）与平均bbp（532）最小。ξ与颗粒物衰减光谱斜率之间呈高分散性,Boss等（2001b）的模型适合用于粗略估算区域性的ξ分布范围及均值。国家自然科学基金(41576030,41431176,4176045,4176044,41376042);;热带海洋环境国家重点实验室自主研究项目(LTOZZ1602);;广州市科技计划重点项目(201504010034,201707020023,201607020041);;广东省科技计划重点项目(2016A020222008);;中科院A类先导专项(XDA11040302)~

指尖上的消费 ：移动支付的轻便与实用 = Payment at your fingertips : portability and practicality of mobile payment

近年来，“智慧国”、“无现金社会”等词汇都成了时下热门课题。中国身为亚洲大国为了迈入“无现金社会”，也在国内掀起了一场“支付革命”。无需钱包，一台手机就能轻松完成消费。在中国各处，不难发现移动支付的踪影。在各大消费场景如，餐馆、湿巴刹，甚至医院以及路边的乞丐，各方都存有实现移动支付技术的工具。无现金支付已强势进驻中国社会，成为了中国人民的掌上消费新方式。移动支付在中国的高速发展也引起了国际关注。为了探究这门新型支付方式，本文会先对中国移动支付市场进行剖析，分析移动支付自身的特点以及在中国快速发展的原由。其次，阐述属于移动支付时代爆红的产物，电子红包。这种以移动支付技术与华人传统文化相容的创新，为何在中国深受如此大的追捧。最后，本文将从宏观的角度对比中新加坡移动支付市场，理解两国在推动移动支付发展所出现的差异以及导致这差异的因素。 In the recent years, “smart nation”, “cashless society” are terms that are trending. Being the largest country in Asia, China is also heading towards being a cashless society. This resulted in a major change of payment method within China. With just a mobile at hand, people can make payment anywhere and everywhere. Traces of mobile payment are evident in all parts of China. From restaurants, wet markets, hospitals and even beggars on the street, they now all have the means to fulfil mobile payment. As a result, cashless payment has now become a norm in China society, a new way of spending lifestyle for citizens. This rapid development of mobile payment in China has caught the media’s attention, countries worldwide are also in awe of China’s achievement. To understand the emergence of such new payment method, this thesis will first analyse China’s mobile payment market, the characteristics that it holds as well as the reasons that contributed to its swift development. Secondly, this thesis will place focus on electronic Angbao, a fusion of mobile payment technology and Chinese traditional culture. The reasons that led to its high popularity in China. Lastly, this thesis will adopt a macro comparative perspective to study the difference between China and Singapore in terms of the progress of cashless payment acceptance.Bachelor of Art

奎屯、乌苏和独山子地区城市重组策略初探

新疆经济的发展带来了新疆城市化速度的加快,也给奎屯、乌苏与独山子提供了巨大的发展机遇,但行政区划的分割使这一地区的发展空间严重受限。区域生产要素的跨区域流动提出了区域体制创新的要求,而原有的城市重组局限于行政单元的重新组合划分或单纯提高行政级别,难以从根本上解决城市发展空间拓展问题。从行政区划的基本理论出发,通过对城市重组进行了内涵和外延更广的界定,并提出了城市重组的目的和方式。在此基础上对该地区在发展中存在的主要问题进行了分析,在该区及其附近区域相互作用强度的分析基础上提出了对其进行城市重组的具体策略

Surface N_2O Flux from 4 Different Typical Forest Stands in Growing Season in Subtropical South China

为了探讨森林地表N2O通量特征,在湖南省大山冲森林公园选取4种典型的亚热带森林类型:杉木人工纯林(CL)、马尾松-石栎-南酸枣针阔混交林(PM)、南酸枣-豹皮樟-四川山矾-台湾冬青阔叶混交林(CA)、青冈-石栎-马尾松-南酸枣常绿阔叶林(CG),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定4种森林类型的地表N2O通量,研究亚热带地区典型森林类型土壤N2O通量在生长季的变化特征。结果表明:在生长季除南酸枣-石栎林表现为N2O的汇外[-27.21μg/(m2·h)],其余3种林分地表通量均表现为N2O的源,平均通量按从大到小的顺序为:马尾松-石栎林[34.61μg/(m2·h)]>杉木纯林[30.48μg/(m2·h)]>青冈林-石栎[5.82μg/(m2·h)];从整个生长季来看,不同坡位马尾松-石栎林、杉木纯林、青冈林-石栎和南酸枣-石栎地表N2O通量的变化不明显;相关性分析表明,不同林分之间的N2O通量与土壤湿度、温度等理化性质有密切关系,土壤水分是影响该地区森林地表N2O通量的主要因子,温度通过影响土壤水分间接影响土壤N2O的释放量

Advances in the research of methane oxidation in forest soils

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,对全球气候变暖的贡献仅次于CO2,约为25%。大气甲烷可以被土壤中甲烷氧化细菌在有氧条件下吸收利用,陆地生态系统森林土壤氧化吸收甲烷的研究已有大量报道。甲烷氧化菌是以甲烷作为唯一的碳源和能源的一类细菌的总称。但森林土壤在全球甲烷核算中具有一定的不确定性,取决于产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的相对活性。甲烷氧化菌的研究集中在环境对氧化能力的影响和自身氧化能力上。大气甲烷氧化过程为高氧化能力低亲力氧化,受到一些因子,如土壤温度、土壤通气状况、pH、氮肥等的影响,具体机理的研究还有待进一步深入。土壤通气状况受土壤质地与土壤水分影响,土地利用类型可能改变土壤容重、土壤结构和土壤水分,进而影响土壤甲烷氧化。植物可以通过自身对生境的作用或化感作用影响土壤甲烷氧化。土壤动物的研究则相对较少,目前排放清单中仅有白蚁是全球甲烷核算所包括的。从甲烷氧化菌的分类出发,对甲烷氧化菌氧化甲烷的机理、菌的生态分布及甲烷氧化的影响因素、时空异质性、观测方法等作出了综述,为正确认识和准确预测森林土壤在一定气候和土地利用类型条件下的甲烷氧化强度提供理论依据

Nursing of a patient with Sintilimab-induced autoimmune myocarditis (1例信迪利单抗治疗后出现免疫性心肌炎患者的护理)

This paper summarized the nursing management for a patient with autoimmune myocarditis after 2 courses of Sintilimab. The patient received hormonotherapy, immunoregulation and other drug treatment. Comprehensive nursing interventions including illness condition observation, medication nursing for intravenous therapy, guidance on rest and exercise, nutritional support and psychological care were carried out during the treatment. The patient's condition improved and was discharged in good condition. (总结1例信迪利单抗治疗2个疗程后发生免疫性心肌炎患者的护理经验。患者住院期间, 给予激素、免疫调节等药物治疗, 密切观察病情变化, 加强静脉治疗与用药护理, 正确指导患者休息与活动, 增强饮食营养, 做好患者心理护理。经过系统的治疗和护理后, 患者病情好转, 顺利出院。