Developing fast laboratory screening platform for sulfate dioxide in food by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的指纹图谱的高能量分辨率,以位于~630; cm~(-1)亚硫酸根的特征峰为定性和定量依据,本文开展了食品中滥用和非法添加二氧化硫的直接检测研究:一种检测流程实现了不同食品基质中二氧化硫的; 高灵敏检测,最低检出浓度达1 mg; kg~(-1)的水平.针对实际样本的传统蒸馏法前处理流程的一些不足以及SERS检测的指纹图谱优势,本文进行了三方面显著改进:; (1)碳酸钙和沸石取代氮气以提高二氧化硫的挥发提取效率; (2)草酸取代盐酸酸化蒸馏溶液,以有效避免挥发性强酸对操作环境的危害;; (3)氢氧化钠溶液代替乙酸铅溶液作为吸收液,以防止二次污染.环境友好、灵敏度高和不受基质干扰等特点使得本方法有望取代经典蒸馏法和比色法,用于食品; 中非法添加二氧化硫类添加剂的快速高效筛查.The direct detection of sulphur dioxide has been realized in various; food matrixes with high sensitivity and high selectivity, on the basis; of the integration of the high energy resolution of the finger-print; spectrum of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the universal but; easy-on-going pretreatment procedure. The characteristic peak of sulphur; dioxide at ~630 cm~(-1) was applied as the qualitative and quantitative; standard, which displayed a lowest detectable concentration at the 1 mg; kg~(-1) level for the spiked food samples. The key point of the high; sensitivity and selectivity is the effective pretreatment born out of; the standard distillation one, which has been improved in the three; parts. (1) Using CaCO_3 and Zeolite instead of N_2 gas as the bubbling; reagent. (2) Using oxalic acid as the acidic distillation solution to; eliminate the hazards from acid volatilization, such as hydrochloric; acid. (3) Using diluted sodium hydroxide solution as the absorption; reagent instead of lead acetate solution to avoid the secondary; pollution. With the three distinguished advantages of environment; friendly, high sensitivity and free of matrix interference, the proposed; method has great potential to replace the traditional ones for the fast; screening of the illegal or abused sulphur dioxide in food.国家自然科学基金; 福建省高校产学合作项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

Change of scouring and silting during 1954 to 2008 in the sea bed of Dongshan Bay,Fujian

本文通过对比东山湾20世纪50、70、90年代和2008年等不同时期的海图和实测水深资料,对东山湾内近50 a间的海底冲淤变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:1954~2008年间,东山湾经历了从淤积向冲刷的转变.20世纪50年代至70年代,东山湾内滩涂和水下浅滩主要呈淤积特征,并以0、2 m等深线变化最大;20世纪70年代至90年代,东山湾内滩涂、水下浅滩及潮汐通道的水深和位置变化均较小,仅局部略有调整;20世纪90年代至2008年,东山湾整体呈冲刷状态,并以东北部和西南部最为明显.总体来看:东山湾内近50 a间的海底冲淤变化区域主要发生在水动力较弱的滩涂和水下浅滩区;东山湾口门潮汐通道处,长期处于冲淤动态平衡中.除了自然因素,漳江上游峰头水库的建成、东山湾东北部围垦、西南部八尺门海堤的建成及21世纪以来湾内海砂开采是近50a间东山湾局部冲淤变化的控制因素.By comparing bathymetric data surveyed in the 1950 s,1970 s and 1990 s and 2008,this paper analyzes the characteristics of scouring and silting changes in the sea bed of Dongshan Bay in over 50 years. The results show that Dongshan Bay has experienced the evolution from silting to scouring during 1954 to 2008. Dongshan Bay tidal flats and underwater shoals underwent mainly a silting state from 1950 s to 1970 s,and the significant change appeared in 0 and 2 meter depth contour. During 1970 s and 1990 s,the depth and position changes of the tidal flats,underwater shoals and tidal channels were small except for slightly modified location. From 1990 s to 2008,Dongshan Bay was in the condition of scour,and the most obvious scouring occurred in the northeast and southwest of the bay. In general,the scouring-silting variation occurred mainly on the tidal flats and underwater shoals. And the tidal channel at the entrance of the bay kept a long-term dynamic equilibrium. In addition to the influence of natural factors,the buildup of Fengtou Reservoir in the upstream of Zhangjiang River,the human reclamation in northeast of the bay,the buildup of Bachimen Dam in the southwest bay and sand mining were factors controlling the scouring and silting changes in local area of Dongshan Bay in over 50 years.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40976037

一株嗜盐嗜碱硫氧化菌的筛选、鉴定及硫氧化特性

【背景】沼气和天然气等清洁能源中往往会含有一定量的硫化氢,硫化氢的存在不仅污染环境,而且对人类危害很大。【目的】以硫代硫酸钠为唯一硫源从巴丹吉林沙漠盐碱湖岸边沉积物中分离筛选得到一株硫氧化菌BDL05,并研究其硫氧化特性。【方法】通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析对硫氧化菌BDL05进行鉴定。【结果】菌株BDL05为革兰氏阴性菌,弧状,其16S rRNA基因序列与Thiomicrospira microaerophila ASL 8-2的相似性达99.8%,将其命名为Thiomicrospira microaerophila BDL05。该菌氧化硫代硫酸盐的最适pH为9.3,最适总钠盐浓度为0.8mol/L,在以硫化钠为硫源的气升式反应器中单质硫的生成率为94.7%,生成速率为3.0 mmol/(L·h)。【结论】菌株Thiomicrospira microaerophila BDL05为嗜盐嗜碱硫氧化菌,其耐盐耐碱性较强,比生长速率快,硫化钠氧化能力较强,是一株在气体生物脱硫方面具有应用价值的菌株

一株嗜盐嗜碱硫氧化菌的筛选、鉴定及硫氧化特性

【背景】沼气和天然气等清洁能源中往往会含有一定量的硫化氢,硫化氢的存在不仅污染环境,而且对人类危害很大。【目的】以硫代硫酸钠为唯一硫源从巴丹吉林沙漠盐碱湖岸边沉积物中分离筛选得到一株硫氧化菌BDL05,并研究其硫氧化特性。【方法】通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析对硫氧化菌BDL05进行鉴定。【结果】菌株BDL05为革兰氏阴性菌,弧状,其16S rRNA基因序列与Thiomicrospira microaerophila ASL 8-2的相似性达99.8%,将其命名为Thiomicrospira microaerophila BDL05。该菌氧化硫代硫酸盐的最适pH为9.3,最适总钠盐浓度为0.8mol/L,在以硫化钠为硫源的气升式反应器中单质硫的生成率为94.7%,生成速率为3.0 mmol/(L·h)。【结论】菌株Thiomicrospira microaerophila BDL05为嗜盐嗜碱硫氧化菌,其耐盐耐碱性较强,比生长速率快,硫化钠氧化能力较强,是一株在气体生物脱硫方面具有应用价值的菌株

One-Step Patterned Contact-Resistance-Free Stretchable Strain Sensors With High Linearity and Repeatability for Body-Motion Detection

Most of the resistive-type stretchable strain sensors exhibit large sensing ranges and high sensitivity but suboptimal repeatability and linearity because of the contact-resistance mechanism. To achieve high repeatability and linearity, several sensors with contact-resistance-free structures are proposed. However, due to the different geometric layouts of the conductive materials and the insulating substrates, the patterning of these sensors requires multiple processes including photolithography and etching, which may cause high costs and are not suitable for consumer wearable applications. Here, we report a design for stretchable strain sensors based on a one-step patterned contact-resistance-free structure, i.e., the independent-sensing-and-stretchable-function structure (ISSFS). The stretchability mainly comes from the overall large deformation of the wide curved segments (the stretchable parts), while the resistance variation is mainly attributed to the tensile strain of the narrow straight segments (the sensing parts). High linearity (R-2 = 0.999) and repeatability (repeatability error = 1.44%) are achieved because neither unstable contact resistance nor nonlinear constitutive and geometric behaviors occur during the sensing process. The conductive materials and the insulating substrates do not need to have different geometric layouts; thus, they can be patterned by only one-step laser cutting. The proposed sensors show great potential in body-motion detection for wearable devices

气候变化国家评估报告(Ⅱ):气候变化的影响与适应

已经观测到的气候变化影响是显著的、多方面的。各个领域和地区都存在有利和不利影响,但以不利影响为主,未来的气候变暖将会对中国的生态系统、农业以及水资源等部门和沿海地区产生重大的不利影响。采取适应措施可以减轻气候变化的不利影响,应将适应气候变化的行动逐步纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划中。由于我国科学研究的相对不足和科学认识能力的局限,目前的气候变化影响评估方法和结果还存在很大的不确定性。应当加强区域适应气候变化的案例研究、扩大研究领域、加强极端天气、气候事件影响的研究,以降低影响评估的不确定性,并提出切实可行的适应对策

Stretchable electronic facial masks for photodynamic therapy

In this paper, we introduce a novel stretchable electronic facial mask for photodynamic therapy (SEFMPT) integrated with red-blue-green LED arrays, which realizes several favorable characteristics such as portability, uniformity of illuminance on the human face, and hands-free for personal long-time use. To achieve high mechanical, thermal and electrical performances of the SEFMPT, an unusual design of thick multilayer organicinorganic composite (TMOIC) serpentine interconnects and a new piecewise single-side soft pressing (PSSP) technique for encapsulation are developed, which could also be extended to the design and fabrication of other stretchable electronics. By integrating the tri-color LEDs that could independently irradiate red, blue, and green lights, the multifunctional therapeutic purpose is realized, including skin anti-aging, treatment of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and skin whitening. The exploitation of the SEFMPT provides a distinct opportunity for new developments in both photodynamic technology and wearable electronics

草炭绿化荒漠

1993-1996年与日本草炭研究会开始“草炭绿化荒漠”的研究工作,1997-2000年开始执行中日政府间JICA合作研究,1998年9月-2001年9月开始中国科学院重大国际合作特别支持项目。该项目以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态试验站为基地,利用草炭改良荒漠,寻求绿化荒漠的新方法、新技术,改善干旱区环境为目的。研究包括草炭的基本性质、土壤-植物系统与水份关系、草炭改土效果、草炭制剂的研究制、草炭利用新技术、草炭的土壤中分解速率和利用年限、草炭绿化荒漠机理等。研制的“草炭土壤调理剂”获发明专利,该制剂可为作物提供全方位的水份和养份供应,为有机肥工业化提供了良好前景;研究方法上采用了盆栽、小区和同位素..