Primary Study on Construction of Early Warning System of Regional Water Environment Ecological Safe

通过对现阶段我国水环境生态安全问题的分析,探讨了实施区域水环境生态安全预警系统构建的重要意义,提出了预警系统建设的基本原则和主要思路,并勾画了预警系统的基本框架结构,其具体结构包括3个部分,即预警监测信息子系统、预警分析评价子系统和预警处理对策子系统。The present problems of water environment eco-safe in China were analyzed.The important meaning of construction of regional water environment eco-safe early warning system was discussed.Basic rules and main road maps of the system construction were proposed.The basic frame of early warning system of regional water environment eco-safe was drafted.The early warning system includs three parts: the early warning monitoring-informing subsystem,the early warning analysis-evaluating subsystem,and the early warning treating-countermeasure subsystem.福建省青年人才基金(2003J033);; 福建省科技重点项目(2006N041

The Acute Toxicity of Two Organophosphorus Pesticide to Brachionus Plicatilis

本文研究了二种有机磷农药敌百虫和久效磷对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)的急性毒性和对褶皱臂尾轮虫孵化率的影响。试验结果表明:褶皱臂尾轮虫的孵化率随着有机磷农药浓度的增加而降低,孵化时间随之增加,敌百虫和久效磷对褶皱臂尾轮虫的48 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别是2.876 7 mg/L和0.0534mg/L。This paper reports that the acute toxicity of trichlorphos and monocrotophos to Brachionus plicatilis,and the effect of the hatching rate of these two organophosphorus pesticides on Brachionus plicatilis.The results showed that the hatching rate of Brachionus plicatilis reduced and the hatching time increased with the concentration of these organophosphorus pesticides increasing.The 48 h(LC_(50)) of trichlorphos and monocrctophos is 2.8767 mg/L and 0.0534 mg/L respectively.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2003J003

Indoor toxicities of several insecticides to 2 parasite wasps

就平腹小蜂、荔枝蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂对几种常用农药的敏感性进行了测定。结果表明:生物性农药的印楝素、定虫隆、灭幼脲对2种寄生蜂均较安全;B t对平腹小蜂的毒性较小;杀虫双对平腹小蜂的影响较小,但对蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂有较高毒性(2 h内死亡率70%);拟除虫菊酯类农药对平腹小蜂有一定的毒性,而对蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂有很高的毒性(2 h内死亡率均为100%);2种寄生蜂均对有机磷杀虫剂如敌百虫、辛硫磷、敌敌畏及氧乐果等极度敏感。表明蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂比平腹小蜂对化学杀虫剂更敏感。因此在综合防治中,尤其是当田间释放平腹小蜂时应合理选择使用杀虫剂,应以生物源性农药为首选,避免使用菊酯类农药,尤其要禁止使用有机磷类农药,以减少对平腹小蜂等寄生性天敌的杀伤。The indoor toxicities of some insecticides to Anastatus japonicus and Phanerotoma sp.were tested.The results showed that,(1) biological insecticides including Azadiractin(plant derivative),chlorfluazuron and dimilin (insect growth regulators) were all safe to the 2 wasp species;(2) Bacillus thuringiensis had low toxicity to A.japonicus;(3) the toxicity of dimehypo was low to Ajaponicus but high to Phanerotoma sp.(mortality rate reached 70% within 2 h after treatment);(4) synthetic pyrethroids were moderately toxic to A.japonicus,but highly contact toxic to Phanerotoma sp.(mortality rates all reached 100% within 2 h after treatment) and(5) the 2 wasps were both extremely sensitive to the tested organophosphorus insecticides such as trichlofon,phoxin,omethoate and dichlorvos.Compared with A.japonicus,Phanerotoma sp.was more sensitive to chemical insecticides.To reduce the negative effects,especially while releasing A.japonicus,biological insecticides should be considered first in IPM and chemical insecticides especially organophosphorus insecticides should be tried to be avoided.厦门市集美区科技局项目“无公害龙眼生产中主要虫害生态控制配套技术的研究”资助(350211z20022B02

Construction of Early Warning System for Ecological Security of Fishery Water Environment

分析了目前我国渔业水环境存在的问题和面临的威胁,简述了渔业水环境生态安全预警系统的概念,概括地论述了渔业水环境生态安全预警系统的主要内容及功能,阐明建立渔业水环境生态安全预警系统的建设原则,并就建设渔业水环境生态安全预警系统勾画了主要思路及基本框架,同时提出了建设渔业水环境生态安全预警系统的策略与具体措施,指出构建的重点和难点是选择渔业水环境生态系统健康指标体系与生态安全评价问题.The problems and the threats facing China's fishery water environment are analyzed.The notion of early warning system of ecological security in fishery water environment is simply described.The principles for the establishment of the early warning system are expounded,and the main content of the system is outlined.The main roadmap and frame structure of the system are put forward.Some suggestions such as strategies and concrete measures are provided.The most important and difficult points in constructing the early warning system are how to choose the ecological health indicator system of fishery water environment and how to evaluate its eco-security.福建省青年人才基金项目(2003J033

Acute Toxicities of Two Organphosphorous Pesticides to Water Fleas Moina mongolica

研究了2种有机磷农药(敌百虫、久效磷)对蒙古裸腹溞的急性毒性,结果表明,敌百虫对蒙古裸腹溞的毒性很高,而久效磷对蒙古裸腹溞的毒性较低。敌百虫和久效磷对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC50分别是0.03 mg/L和1.54 mg/L。The acute toxicities of two organophosphorous pesticides(monocrotophos and trichlorphon) to water fleas Moina mongolica was studied.The results indicated that trichlorphon was of very higher toxicity,but monocrotophos was of low toxicity.The 24h LD50 of monocrotophos and trichlorphon to water fleas were 1.54 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L,respectively.According to the test results,safety of these two organophosphorous pesticides was simply discussed in fishery water areas.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2003J033

Acute Toxicities of Two Organphosphorous Pesticides to Acartia sp.

本文研究了二种有机磷农药(敌百虫和久效磷)对纺锤水溞的急性毒性,结果表明,久效磷和敌百虫对纺锤水溞24h的TC_(50)分别为1.33 mg/L和0．044 mg/L,即久效磷对纺锤水溞毒性相对较低,而敌百虫对纺锤水溞有极高毒性,本文同时简单讨论了这二种有机磷农药对其它渔业水域中安全性。The acute toxicities of two organophosphorous pesticides(monocrotophos and trichlor- phon)to Acartia.sp.was studied in this paper.The results indicated that the 24h LC50 of monocroto- phos and trichlorphon to Acartia sp.were 1.33mg/L and 0.044mg/L respectively.That is,to Acartia sp.,monocrotophos was relatively low toxic,and trichlorphon was very high toxic.In the same time, the safety of these two organophosphorous pesticides in the fishery water are also discussed simply in this paper

Acute Toxicity of Three Medicines to Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

研究了孔雀石绿、高锰酸钾和甲醛对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性。结果表明:孔雀石绿、高锰酸钾和甲醛溶液对褶皱臂尾轮虫的毒性作用随浓度的增加而变大,这三种药物对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性顺序为:孔雀石绿>高锰酸钾>甲醛;孔雀石绿、高锰酸钾和甲醛对褶皱臂尾轮虫24 h的LC50分别是0.613 mg.L-1、0.873 mg.L-1和11.277 mg.L-1,其相应的安全浓度分别为6.13μg.L-1、8.73μg.L-1和112.77μg.L-1。The acute toxicity of Malachite green,Potassium Peamanganate,and Formaldehyde solution to rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was studied in this paper.The results showed that the higher concentration of these medicines,the higher toxic effect to rotifer.The acute toxicity of three medicine for B.plicatilis was in order of Malachite green>Potassium Peamanganate>Formaldehyde solution.The 24 h LC50 of Malachite green,Potassium Peamanganate and Formaldehyde solution for B.plicatilis were 0.613 mg·L-1,0.873 mg·L-1,and 11.277 mg·L-1 respectively.The safe concentration of Malachite green,Potassium Peamanganate and Formaldehyde solution for B.plicatilis were 6.13μg/l,8.73μg·L-1,and 112.77μg·L-1 respectively.福建省青年科技人才创新资资助项目(2003J033

Acute Toxicity of Three Often-use Pesticides to Simocephalus Vtulus

研究了硫酸铜、孔雀石绿、敌百虫对老年低额蚤的急性毒性。结果表明,硫酸铜、孔雀石绿、敌百虫对老年低额蚤96 h的LC50分别为0.631 mg/L、0.153 mg/L、0.005 8 mg/L。结果还表明,硫酸铜、孔雀石绿、敌百虫对老年低额蚤的安全浓度分别为0.189 mg/L、0.026 mg/L、0.002 mg/L。同时本文根据试验结果对这三种药物在渔业水域中的安全性进行了简单的评价。The LC50 values of three pesticides to Simocephalus vtulus were studied.The results showed that the 96 h LC50 of CuSO4、Malachite green and trichlorfon to Simocephalus vtulus were 0.631 mg/L,0.153 mg/L,0.0058 mg/L.The results also indicated that the safe concentration of CuSO4、Malachite green and trichlorfon to Simocephalus vtulus were 0.189 mg/L,0.026 mg/L,0.002 mg/L.According to the test results,safety of these three pesticides is simply discussed in fishery water areas.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2003J033

Study on the effect of five pesticides to Platymonas subcordiformis

本文研究了5种水产药物对扁藻种群生长的影响.结果表明,硫酸铜、高锰酸钾、孔雀石绿、敌百虫和甲醛对扁藻96h的EC50依次为61.16、49.22、72.97μg/dm3和7.58、0.70mg/dm3.硫酸铜、高锰酸钾、孔雀石绿、敌百虫和甲醛对扁藻生长的安全浓度分别是18.12、12.14、23.26μg/dm3和2.25、0.24mg/dm3.结果还表明,这5种常用水产药物中,以高锰酸钾对扁藻生长的抑制作用最大,敌百虫对扁藻生长的抑制作用最小.The effects of 5 aquatic medicines to Platymonas subcordiformis were studied in this paper.The results showed that,the 96h EC50 of CuSO4,KMnO4,malachite green,trichlorfon and formalin to P.subcordiformis were 61.16μg/dm3,49.22μg/dm3,72.97μg/dm3,7.58mg/dm3 and 0.70mg/dm3 respectively.The safe concentration of CuSO4,KMnO4,malachite green,trichlorfon and formalin to P.subcordiformis were 18.12μg/dm3,12.14μg/dm3,23.26μg/dm3,2.25mg/dm3 and 0.24mg/dm3.It also indicated that,among these 5 aquatic medicines,KMnO4 was the strongest inhibitor to the growth of P.subcordiformis,trichlorfon was the mildest.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2003J033