The study on AMS measurement of 129I in air and sea sediments and its geochemistry

129I(T1/2=15.7Ma)是放射性碘中半衰期最长的同位素。有天然和人工两种来源，在人类还没有利用原子能的时代，环境中大部分的129I是宇宙射线和大气中的氙进行核反应以及238U的自发裂变产生。天然129I/127I比值在3×10-13-3×10-12水平，但由于人工129I的输入，环境中129I的含量水平显著提高至少两个数量级，释放源主要来自核燃料后处理厂。从129I的物理性质看，可以有多种129I测量方法，像γ谱方法、液闪方法(LSC)、中子活化方法(NAA)、普通质谱方法(MS)等。但这些方法的129I丰度探测限仍都大于10-9，仅可以用于核设施周围环境或核设施流出物等高放环境中1...129I has the longest half life with 15.7Ma among the iodine isotopes which consisits of both natural and artificial origin. Before the nuclear age, 129I in the environment is mainly produced by the nuclear reaction with Xe isotopes and by the spontaneous fission of 238U. The pre-anthropogenic natural ratio of 129I/127I is 3×10-13-3×10-12, but human activities have obviously elevated this ratio by ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院_海洋化学学号：2242010115132

The Geometric Structure of Nonlinear Least Square Solution for Signal by Complex Exponents and Alternate Algorithm

本文给出了复指数信号模型非线性最小二乘解的几何结构 .从分析迭代算法的收敛性态入手得到解的几何结构 ,将有助于构造十分有效的迭代算法 .另外 ,本文在低信噪比 (10dB)及较小频率差 (0 0 2Hz)的情况下 ,对迭代求解的收敛控制条件进行了研究The geometric structure of nonlinear least squares solution for signals by complex exponents is offered in this paper.Beginning with analysis for the convergent state of alternative algorithm solving two equations together contented by the model's nonlinear least squares solution,the recognition for geometric structure of nonlinear least squares solution is acquired.It would help to construct a fully effective algorithm and understanding for the solution's structure is deepened.The alternative algorithm presented by this paper is fully effective in higher SNR or when the difference of frequency in model is slightly increased.Nevertheless,the invalid convergence (large error) appears in the condition with lower SNR(10dB) and smaller difference of frequency (0 02 Hz),if the convergent control condition of alternative algorithm is only in accordance with varying quantity of least squares error

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

Studies on the acquiring method for the son-wave of experimental data in voltammetry

分析研究了伏安法标准加入浓度曲线 (子波 )的提取方法 .从分析子波畸变的特征入手 ,结合基于奇异值分解原理的TLS算法 ,提出了一种两组份浓度子波峰形的相关滤波叠代求解方案 .The acquiring method for the son-wave (standard addition's) of experimental data in voltammetry has been discussed in this paper. By feature-recognizing for the son-wave's distortion and applying of TLS algorithm,one related filtering algorithm is presented

Method for Preprocessing Experimental Data of Voltammetry

研究伏安法实验数据的预处理方法 .采用基于奇异值分解原理的 TL S算法 ,对经过预处理后的实验数据进行再处理 ,取得良好的效果 .文中着重讨论各种预处理方法的合理性和有效性 ,并对 TL S算法的适用性进行探讨A study is made on the method for preprocessing the data from voltammetric experiment. Good effect can be obtained for the experimental data passed through preprocessing and then processed by adopting total least square (TLS) algorithm which is based on the principle of singular value decomposition. The authors discuss the reasonableness and effectiveness of various methods of preprocessing, and inquire into the compatibility of TLS algorithm.福建省自然科学基金资助项

伏安法实验数据子波信息提取方法的研究

从实际测得的伏安法实验数据出发 ,分析研究了伏安法标准加入浓度曲线 (子波 )的提取方法。从分析子波畸变的特征入手 ,结合基于奇异值分解原理的TLS算法 ,提出了一种两组份浓度子波峰形的相关滤波叠代求解方案

Effects of Snowmelt Time on Content of Organic Carbon in Soil

为了探讨融雪时间与土壤碳素含量之间的关系,2007-2008年,在青藏高原东部的一个高山雪床,沿着融雪梯度设置3个融雪部位(早融部位、中间部位和晚融部位),每个部位随机取土样15个,每个月取样一次,以测定土壤中有机碳的含量,分析其在融雪梯度上的变化。结果表明,早融部位与晚融部位之间的融雪时间相差约1个月。在生长季(5-10月)中的每个月,早融部位的有机碳含量均最高,月均值达14.4g/kg;晚融部位的有机碳含量最低,月均值只有9.9g/kg。和早融部位相比,2a内晚融部位的有机碳含量(月平均值)降低了4.5g/kg,而中间部位的有机碳含量则居于早融与晚融部位之间。就任一部位而言,在生长季中,随着时间的推移,土壤有机碳表现出先降低后增加的趋势。这说明,融雪时间亦即积雪厚度对土壤有机碳的含量有较大的影响。 更多还原Ｉｎ　ｏｒｄｅｒ　ｔｏ　ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　ｓｎｏｗｍｅｌｔ　ｔｉｍｅ　ａｎｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｃａｒｂｏｎ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ，ｔｈｒｅｅ　ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｓ（ ｅａｒｌｙ，ｍｅｄｉｕｍ　ａｎｄ　ｌａｔｅ　ｍｅｌｔ）ｗｅｒｅ　ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ　ａｌｏｎｇ　ｓｎｏｗｍｅｌｔ　ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ　ｏｎ　ａ　ｎａｔｕｒａｌ　ａｌｐｉｎｅ ｓｎｏｗｂｅｄ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ　Ｔｉｂｅｔａｎ　Ｐｌａｔｅａｕ．Ｔｏ　ｍｅａｓｕｒｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ　ｃａｒｂｏｎ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ　ｉｎ　ｓｏｉｌ　ａｌｏｎｇ ｓｎｏｗｍｅｌｔ　ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ，１５ｓｏｉｌ　ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｔａｋｅｎ　ａｔ　ｅａｃｈ　ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ　ｆｒｏｍ　Ｍａｙ　ｔｏ　Ｏｃｔｏｂｅｒ，ｏｎｃｅ　ａ　ｍｏｎｔｈ．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ　ｃａｒｂｏｎ　ｗａｓ　ａｔ　ｅａｒｌｙ　ｍｅｌｔ　ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｌｏｗｅｓｔ　ｗａｓ　ａｔ ｌａｔｅ　ｍｅｌｔ　ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ，ｗｉｔｈ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｅｄｉｕｍ　ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅ．Ａｔ　ｅａｃｈ　ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ，ｆｒｏｍ　Ｍａｙ　ｔｏ　Ｏｃｔｏｂｅｒ，ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ 　ｏｆ　ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ　ｃａｒｂｏｎ　ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ　ａ　ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ　ｔｒｅｎｄ，ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅｎ　ｉｔ　ｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ．Ｉｎ　ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅ　ｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　ｓｎｏｗｐａｃｋ　ｈａｄ　ｇｒｅａｔ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ　ｏｎ　ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ　ｃａｒｂｏｎ　ｉｎ　ｓｏｉｌ

Iodine Study of Marine Sediments from Four Sea Areas

分大洋、边缘海、海湾和潮间带四种海区,测定了采集自东太平洋、东海、山东胶州湾的海洋沉积物岩心和采集自福建兴化湾、九龙江河口、东山湾3个海湾潮间带沉积物岩芯的碘含量,研究了岩芯中碘的分布特征,探讨了碘与有机物的相关关系。结果给出:东太平洋岩芯碘含量为68.2~105.6 Mg/kg,东海岩芯碘含量为35.2~77.8 Mg/kg,胶州湾海洋和周边陆地沉积物碘含量分别为51.6~94.3和36.5~50.3 Mg/kg,福建兴化湾、九龙江河口和东山湾3个海湾潮间带沉积物岩芯的碘含量分别为2.5~43.7、17.3~39.6和11.3~29.1 Mg/kg。不同海区沉积物的碘含量水平从高到低依次为:东太平洋>胶州湾>东海>胶州湾周边陆地沉积物>福建3个海湾潮间带沉积物。东太平洋沉积物岩芯,以及兴化湾和东山湾潮间带岩芯碘与有机碳含量呈正相关关系,其余海区沉积物中的碘与有机碳的含量相关性不明显。For four kinds of sea areas,the iodine in sediment cores were measured,the cores are marine sediment cores collected from East Pacific,East China Sea and Jiaozhou Bay,and intertidal sediment cores from Xinhua Bay,Jiulongjiang Estuary and Dongshan Bay of Fujian Province,China.The iodine distribution features in sediment cores were studied and the correlations between iodine and organic carbon in the sediments were evaluated.The results gave that the iodine contents vary from 68.2-105.6 mg/kg in the core from East Pacific and they are between 35.2-77.8 mg/kg in the core from East Chins Sea.The iodine contents are in the range of 51.6-94.3mg/kg and 36.5-50.3 mg/kg for the marine sediments of Jiaozhou Bay and sediment from the land surrounding Jiaozhou Bay respectively.They are 2.5-43.7 mg/kg,17.3-39.6 mg/kg,and 11.3-29.1 mg/kg for the intertidal sediment cores from Xinhua Bay,Jiulongjiang Estuary and Dongshan Bay respectively.Sequentially,from high to low level of iodine content is East Pacific > Jiaozhou Bay > East China Sea > marine sediment of Jiaozhou Bay >land sediment surrounding Jiaozhou Bay > intertidal sediments from three bays of Fujian Province.The correlations between iodine and organic carbon content in the sediment from East Pacific,Xinhua Bay and Dongshan Bay are well close,in contrast with that,they are not found for the sediments from other sea areas.国家自然科学基金项目“应用I-129的海洋铁锰结壳年代学”(编号:41073044)资

Measurements of (59)~Ni with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

长寿命放射性核素59 nI在核物理与天体物理、放射性废物管理、陨石与宇宙射线研究、生物医学示踪等方面有着广泛的应用前景。加速器质谱技术(AMS)是实现59 nI高灵敏测量的最佳方法,59 nI-AMS测量的关键问题在于排除同量异位素59 CO的干扰。本工作利用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13大型串列加速器能量高,Q3d磁谱仪能量分辨高、色散大等特点,采用化学分离技术排除59 CO,以氯化镍作为靶物质,建立了59 nI-AMS的高灵敏测量方法,并对一系列标准样品和空白样品进行测量。结果表明,此方法有效降低了59 CO的干扰,空白样品中59 nI/nI的本底水平低于5x10-13,满足实际样品的测量需要。The long lived radioisotope of 59 Ni has wide application in many research fields,such as nuclear physics and astrophysics,the management of radioactive waste,biomedical tracer and so on.In order to carry out the applications based on 59 Ni,the method of the accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)was developed into the best way to measure 59 Ni with high sensitivity.Interfering isobars are the main problem for 59 Ni measurement with AMS.Based on the HI-13tandem accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy,high precision Q3Ddetection system and chemical separation technology,the interfering isobar of59Co is greatly eliminated.59 Ni-AMS highly sensitive measurement method is established with NiCl2as the target substance.A series of laboratory standard samples and blank sample were measured to check the performance of 59 Ni measurement.The results show that the 59Co can be excluded clearly,and the measurement sensitivity of about 5×10-13 for59 Ni/Ni is obtained based on the measurement of the blank sample,which can be used in the measurement of actual samples.国家自然科学基金(11175266)资

Spectrum Data Bank Software System

介绍了红外光谱及核磁共振波谱信息库系统的设计方案和技术关键。系统数据库包含纯化合物红外光谱约9万多张,高聚物红外光谱1．2万张,药品红外光谱1千张,以及核磁共振氢谱6万多张．碳谱4万多张。可以按光谱编号、化学名、商品名、原子数、分子式进行查询,还能根据未知物光谱图的谱峰形状进行检索。结果得到未知化合物的相关信息及其标准谱图。This paper introduces a spectrum data bank software system including more than one hundred thousand infrared spectra and more than ten thousand of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of pure compounds. The data banks can be searched according to their serial number,chemical name, commercial name, amount of each atoms, or molecular formula, as well as their spectrum peak appearances. Programs for spectrum information inputting,spectrum information search and spectrum peak-peak match, and banks of spectrum information data, spectrum peak code data and spectrum figure data were attached to the system. System program was written by visual basic, and run under Windows system. The spectrum information data bank and spectrum figure data bank were administrated by Microsoft Access.福建省自然科学基金(C0110024)资助项目;; 国家自然科学基金(20172042)资助项