On Limitation of Action in Carriage of Goods by Sea in China

本文的研究对象是海上货物运输诉讼时效。文章在对国际海上货物运输公约和我国《海商法》及相关法律法规进行详细分析和梳理的基础上，结合前沿理论和国内司法实践，全面深入讨论我国海上货物运输诉讼时效在适用上备受争议的问题，并对我国海上货物运输时效制度提出合理建议。 本文除引言和结语外，共分为分五章： 第一章概述海上货物运输诉讼时效。分别从海上货物运输、诉讼时效适用之诉和诉讼时效适用对象三个方面进行界定，以明确海上货物运输诉讼时效在我国的法律规范，为后文展开深入探讨打下基础。 第二章论述海上货物运输诉讼时效的期间和起算。首先讨论我国在对（实际）承运人向相关责任人要求赔偿的诉讼时效问题上的立法缺失，其...The subject of this paper is the limitation of action in the carriage of goods by sea. Based on the detailed analysis and review of relevant provisions in Conventions of International Maritime Transport of Goods and China’s Maritime Law, combined with frontier theory and domestic juridical practice, this paper has a comprehensive and thorough discussion of the controversy on application of China’s...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1302009115038

Some Research Results on Reset Rut Option

期权是金融市场上一类重要产品。期权的种类很多，重设型卖出期权是一种新型的期权，它具有一般卖权的基本特征，当标的股价低于原来的履约价时，卖权成为价内，且在到期时的交割计算是履约价减掉当时的股价。但重设型卖权则可在重设时点重设履约价。在重设时点，若标的股价上升高于原履约价时，则履约价重设等于当时的股价。在市场上，到期时期权多头方可能因为空头方不能完全支付而蒙受损失。在本文中，采用的是Black－Scholes－Merton的市场模型，并且假定期权空头方的债务是常数，空头方公司价值和标的资产遵循几何布朗运动，作者考虑期权空头方可能因经营不善不能兑现承诺支付--即存在信用风险的重设型卖出期权的定价问题...Option is one of the most important types of financial product in the finance markets. There are many kinds of options in the markets. Reset option is a kind of exotic option, it holds the basic characters of general option, when the price of underlying stock is lower than original exercise price, the put option is in the price, and exercise computation is that original exercise price subtracts th...学位：理学硕士院系专业：数学系_应用数学学号：20022303

建筑艺术探美

建筑艺术的媒介(质料)具有“物理大于心理”、“适用功能决定形式”、“经济造价的重要因素”的特性.虽然中西建筑各呈异彩,但是,在“造型美”、“整体和谐美”、“流动美”等方面,又大相径庭.建筑作为一门艺术,与雕塑、音乐、绘画等关系密切,在相互扬弃中得到长足的发展.建筑,是人造的、供人居住和活动(生产、生活、工作、学习社交等)的场所.它起源于人类防寒祛暑、荫蔽安全的实用需要,是人类赖以生存的物质生活环境.它以社会物质生产为基础,首先满足人们物质生活需要.同时也作为人们艺术审美对象.建筑保存了人类重要的物质文化,是最古老的门类艺术之一,现代建筑的体载(类型)一般分为:生产建筑、公共建筑、居住建筑、纪念性建筑、园林和建筑小品等.一、建筑艺术媒介的特性建筑使用木材、石头等物质材料作媒介构造具有三维空间的物质实体.与其他艺术的媒介相比较.具有自身的特性

Effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty using three-dimensional printing technology for knee osteoarthritis accompanied with extra-articular deformity

目的探讨3D打印技术辅助人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)治疗合并关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎(knee; osteoarthritis,KOA)的临床疗效。方法2013年3月2015年12月,收治15例(18膝)合并关节外畸形的KOA患者。男6例(6; 膝),女9例(12膝);年龄55~70岁,平均60.2岁;病程7~15年,平均10.8年。单膝12例,双膝3例。膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)临床; 评分为(57.441.06)分,功能评分为(60.881.26)分。膝关节活动度为(72.220.18)°。下肢力线偏移(18.890.92)°; 。合并股骨侧畸形8例(10膝),胫骨侧畸形5例(5膝),股骨侧及胫骨侧畸形2例(3膝)。术前3D打印骨骼模型、截骨导航模板并设计手术方案,选择合; 适的膝关节假体后实施TKA。结果手术时间65~100 min,平均75.6 min;术中出血量50~150 mL,平均90.2; mL。术后均未出现切口愈合不良、感染、血栓等并发症。患者均获随访,随访时间12~30个月,平均22个月。末次随访时,X线片示假体位置均良好,未发; 现松动、下沉;下肢力线偏移(2.000.29)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=13.120,P=0.007);KSS临床评分为(87.500; .88)分、功能评分为(81.941.41)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=27.553,P=0.000;t=35.551,P=0.000); ;膝关节活动度为(101.941.42)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=31.633,P=0.000)。结论对于合并关节外畸形的KOA,采用; 3D打印技术辅助TKA,可达到个体化治疗、降低手术难度,有效矫正畸形,恢复患者膝关节功能的目的。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA); using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for knee osteoarthritis; (KOA) accompanied with extra-articular deformity. Methods Between March; 2013 and December 2015, 15 patients (18 knees) with extra-articular; deformity and KOA underwent TKA. There were 6 males (6 knees) and 9; females (12 knees), aged 55-70 years (mean, 60.2 years). The mean; disease duration was 10.8 years (range, 7-15 years). The unilateral knee; was involved in 12 cases and bilateral knees in 3 cases. The clinical; score was 57.441.06 and the functional score was 60.881.26 of Knee; Society Score (KSS). The range of motion of the knee joint was; (72.220.18)°. The deviation of mechanical axis of lower limb was; (18.890.92)° preoperatively. There were 8 cases (10 knees) with; extra-articular femoral deformity, 5 cases (5 knees) with; extra-articular tibial deformity, and 2 cases (3 knees) with; extra-articular femoral and tibial deformities. Bone models and the; navigation templates were printed and the operation plans were designed; using 3D printing technology. The right knee joint prostheses were; chosen. Results The operation time was 65-100 minutes (mean, 75.6; minutes). The bleeding volume was 50-150 mL (mean, 90.2 mL). There was; no poor incision healing, infection, or deep venous thrombosis after; operation. All patients were followed up 12- 30 months (mean, 22; months). Prostheses were located in the right place, and no sign of; loosening or subsidence was observed by X-ray examination. At last; follow-up, the deviation of mechanical axis of lower limb was; (2.000.29)°, showing significant difference when compared with; preoperative one (t=13.120, P=0.007). The KSS clinical score was; 87.500.88 and function score was 81.941.41, showing significant; differences when compared with preoperative ones (t=27.553, P=0.000;; t=35.551, P=0.000). The range of motion of knee was (101.941.42)°,; showing significant difference when compared with preoperative one; (t=31.633, P=0.000). Conclusion For KOA accompanied with extra-articular; deformity, TKA using 3D printing technology has advantages such as; individualized treatment, reducing the difficulty of operation, and; achieving the satisfactory function

酶抗体应用实现热启动PCR

通过制备酶抗体,形成抗原抗体复合物,使得酶在较高的温度95℃,1min,得以释放发挥聚合活性,实现热启动PCR.建立的热启动PCR体系灵敏度高,可以检测到1个拷贝的DNA分子,较普通PCR体系提高了3个数量级,并且具有较好的线性关系.这种通过形成抗原抗体复合物达到热启动PCR目的的方法的建立,具有着重要的意义,是提高PCR灵敏度和特异性的重要方法之一

白介素-18在ANCA相关性小血管炎肾损害患者中的表达及其临床意义

目的通过检测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）相关性小血管炎（AASV）肾损害患者血清及尿液白介素-18（IL-18）水平,探讨IL-18在AASV肾损害应用中的可能价值。方法比较健康对照组与AASV组、AASV活动组与缓解组间血/尿IL-18水平,分析尿IL-18与传统病情活动性指标如ANCA滴度、血肌酐、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、伯明翰系统性血管炎活动度评分量表（BVAS）评分值等的相关性,绘制尿IL-18评估AASV活动性的ROC曲线,评价IL-18在AASV肾损害中的意义。结果AASV组尿IL-18水平比健康对照组显著升高（P<0.05）,AASV活动组尿液与血液IL-18水平均高于缓解组（P<0.05）。治疗随访半年后,病情由活动转为缓解的患者尿IL-18水平较治疗前明显下降（P<0.05）。AASV患者尿IL-18与血清ANCA滴度、BVAS评分值呈正相关（P<0.05）,与血肌酐、胱抑素C、CRP、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值、尿β2-微球蛋白等无明显线性相关。AASV活动期患者的血、尿IL-18水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。尿IL-18评估AASV病情活动性的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.816（P<0.05）,当检测的截点值为0.130 pg·mL-1·Cr-1时,其敏感度和特异度分别为85.7%和71.4%。结论AASV肾损害患者尿液IL-18水平升高,与疾病活动性相关,在早期预测AASV病情及活动性上有一定价值。福建省自然科学基金(No.2014J01430

虹鳟免疫诱导型基因Cathelicidin2启动子功能分析

本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR实验对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Cathelicidin2(Cath2)基因的转录模式进行了分析。结果显示,该基因在鳃、头肾等与机体免疫防御功能密切相关的组织内转录,在细菌和病毒感染后,转录水平均显著升高。对基因上游调控序列进行启动子和转录因子结合位点预测,发现该启动子具有真核生物典型的TATA盒和CAAT盒结构,基因上游直至第一内含子区域内,密集存在多个免疫相关转录因子结合位点,其中,2个核因子κB(Nuclear factor kappa B,NFκB)预测结合位点均位于核心启动子正链区域。在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肾组织细胞系内,绿色荧光蛋白和萤火虫荧光素酶基因都能够在该启动子驱动下表达,表明其具有启动子活性,且启动子活性在受到免疫诱导后增强,包括细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)模拟的细菌感染和聚肌胞苷酸(Polyinosinic polycytidylic acid,Poly I:C)模拟的病毒感染。双荧光素酶报告基因检测显示,启动子活性在与NFκB转录因子表达时,增强至4.39倍,证明Cath2基因受NFκB通路调控。研究表明,虹鳟Cath2基因能够在多种免疫刺激诱导下表达,其启动子可以应用为免疫诱导型的基因工程元件,驱动外源免疫基因在鱼体内适时表达,抵御外界病原感染,同时,避免非必要条件下的过度表达形成生长负担。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007)共同资助~

Determination of DNA using Rivanol as the Fluorescent Probe in the Presence of SDS

建立了在SdS存在下， 以利凡诺（rVn） 为荧光探针测定dnA 的新方法. 在适量SdS存在下， rVn 的荧光被强烈地猝灭直至最低值. 但于上述rVn- SdS体系中加入dnA 后， 体系的荧光强度增强， 且荧光光谱发生移动. 在一定条件下， 荧光强度增强值与加入dnA 的量在一定浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系.The quantitative method for DNA using rivanol(RVN) as the fluorescent probe in the presence of SDS was proposed.Under proper conditions,addition of DNA to a mixture of RVN and SDS resulted in enhanced fluorescence and spectral shifts of RVN-SDS system.The calibration graph was linear in the range of 0～10 μg/mL,the limit of detection was 62 ng/mL CT DNA

肾移植术后淋巴漏及淋巴囊肿的诊治

[目的] 探讨肾移植术后淋巴漏或淋巴囊肿的诊断及治疗方法。[方法]回顾性分析21例肾移植术后淋巴漏（或囊肿）患者1，对淋巴漏或囊肿的可能原因进行探讨并通过引流液生化检查、乳靡试验和B超检查，分为非手术治疗和手术治疗。对诊断和治疗方法进行总结。[结果]21例中，17例为淋巴漏，4例为淋巴囊肿。6例单纯引流后治愈；15例经引流管注入无水酒精；其中9例治愈．6例治疗无效，最后经开放手术治愈。本组病例中，3例淋巴漏伴有感染，1例淋巴漏伴有移植肾急性排斥．经抗排斥治疗好转，淋巴漏治愈。[结论]肾移植术后淋巴漏或淋巴囊肿多与手术操作欠仔细或术中漏扎小淋巴管有关；多数病人可经非手术治疗痊愈，少数病人尤其淋巴囊肿形成者需开放手术治疗

A Rapid Method for the Determination of Molar Ratio of Fluorochrome to Protein Techniques by Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection

免疫荧光技术是免疫学检测的重要手段之一，该技术在病原微生物的早期诊断、自身免疫研究、抗原或抗体的免疫组化定位等方面都得到了广泛应用［1］.荧光色素对抗体（或抗原）标记比的测定是免疫荧光技术的重要部分，这是因为标记比合适与否直接关系到检测结果的优劣甚至...The Determination of molar ratio of fluorochrome to protein is an important part in fluorescent antibody techniques.The conventional method is time consuming and with troublesome manipulations.A rapid homogeneous method based on the anisotropy change of the fluorochrome after reacting with protein was presented here.In our experiments, fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) and bovine serum albumin(BSA) were chosen to form the FITC/BSA conjugate.A series of solutions containing the two components were prepared and allow to react according to the standard procedure.Fluorescence anisotropy of the mixtures were detected, a diagram of r lg c is then obtained, where c is the concentration of protein.Because FITC in the mixture exists in both free form(F) and binding form(B), the fluorescence anisotropy observed is given by r=f F r F+ f B r B, where r F and r B refer to the anisotropy of free and bound FITC, respectively; and f F and f B represent the fraction of the free and bound forms, respectively, f F+ f B=1.A formula as f B= (r-r F)/( r B- r F) is achieved.Here r B correspods to the value of r in the upper platform region of the r lg c curve, where FITC is bound to protein completely, while r F can be obtained by the determination of anisotropy of FITC in the absence of BSA.So, for each of the mixtures, the binding fraction of FITC can then be calculated.Correspondingly, the content of bound form of FITC that was used to calculate the molar ratio of FITC to BSA can be gained.Since the method avoids the tiresome separation procedure, it bears the merit of time saving and can be used to estimate the molar ratio of fluorochrome to protein rapidly.The determination results of samples by this method were compared with that got from a spectrophotometric analysis.The results were in good agreement.国家自然科学基