Research on Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass

21世纪，能源危机和环保问题成为困扰全球的一大难题，发展可再生清洁能源势在必行。生物质作为一种典型的清洁可再生能源，因具有储量大，分布广，且可转化为液体燃料等优点受到了广泛关注。开发生物质能对于我国能源结构产业升级和能源安全具有重要意义。生物质快速热解可以将能量密度较小的生物质迅速转化为能量密度大的生物油，是目前生物质研发领域的主要方向之一。 本研究首先在实验室自制的1kg/h的鼓泡流化床上对松木和稻秆这两种具有代表性的木本类和草本类生物质进行了快速热解试验。研究了热解温度、停留时间和原料粒径三个主要操作参数对热解产物分布、生物油品质和组成的影响。研究表明：松木和稻秆都有一个生物油产率最大值...In 21st century,energy security and environmental issues have become a big problem in the world。It is necessary for us to develop clean and renewable energy. As one of the renewables, biomass has received extensive attention due do it’s wide distribution, aboundance and the advantages that could be converted to liquid fuel. Development of biomass energy makes good sense to energy security and for ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：能源研究院_能源化学学号：3242010115210

The Post-evaluation of the Economic Benefits of GuanZhiShan Airport of LongYan

龙岩冠豸山机场经济效益后评估内容摘要龙岩冠豸山机场是近年来龙岩市基础设施建设的一项重点工程，对于这一公共事业投资项目所带来的效益究竟如何，目前有诸多分析和评价。本文从微观上对该项目进行经济效益后评估。全文共分五章。第一章项目后评估及经济效益后评估概述。介绍了项目后评估的定义、作用、特点，以及项目后评估及项目经济效益后评估的主要内容。第二章龙岩冠豸山机场介绍。简要介绍了机场的建设过程、机场的规划，阐述了机场扩建的主要作用。第三章经济效益后评估。对项目进行详细的财务效益后评估。根据机场投产后的实际业务数据和再预测数据，按照财务效益后评估的基本原则及民航机场的特点，计算出相关财务指标，主要是以财务净...Abstract GuanzhiShan Airport of LongYan is one of the key projects of the city’s infrastructure facilities constructions in recent years. Speaking of the benefits of this investment of public causes, we have quite many different points of view and commentaries at present. This thesis is a try to post-evaluate the economic benefits of the project microcosmically. There are five chapters as...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X20011505

中国新型叙事理念的特点与表现

\"推进国际传播能力建设,讲好中国故事,展现真实、立体、全面的中国,提高国家文化软实力\",（1）是新时代发展中国特色社会主义文化的一项目标,也是新时代中国对外交往和国际传播的发展要求。近年来,以习近平讲述中国故事为代表的中国新型叙事理念,通过传播中国故事,提升中国形象,助力中国公共外交,在国际交往中发挥着重要作用。叙事理念是对不同民族的叙事传统和叙事方式的抽象概括,是不同民族在不同时代的叙事行为中所表现出的基本思想

Prokaryotic Expression of Amphioxus BRA Protein and Preparation of the Polyclonal Antibody

Brachyury编码的转录调控因子BRA参与脊索动物脊索的分化形成,文昌鱼是最早具有真正脊索的后生动物类群,因此开展文昌鱼Brachyury基; 因功能研究,将有助于揭示脊索的起源与进化。文昌鱼具有2个Brachyury基因:Bra1和Bra2,二者编码的蛋白序列相似度高达93%,缺少有效; 区分二者的特异抗原表位,转录组数据分析表明Bra2表达量显著高于Bra1,进一步对BRA2蛋白序列特征分析发现其N端拥有丰富的潜在抗原决定簇,因; 此本研究选择了Bra2 N端696; bp基因序列所编码的蛋白片段作为制备抗体的抗原蛋白。将该段基因序列克隆重组入pET28a原核表达质粒,经诱导表达获分子量约31; ku的可溶性重组蛋白。通过Ni~(2+)亲和层析柱纯化,得到1.3 g/L高纯度抗原蛋白,用3只ICR小鼠(Mus; musculus)经4轮重组蛋白免疫[剂量50 mug/(只·次)]后获得最高效价(1︰256; 000)的多克隆抗体。Western印迹结果显示,本研究制备的鼠抗文昌鱼BRA多克隆抗体不仅可特异识别重组抗原蛋白,也可高效识别文昌鱼胚胎总蛋白; 中的BRA1和BRA2,为后续深入研究文昌鱼BRA在脊索发育调控中的作用提供了有力的分子工具。Homologues of the T-box gene Brachyury play an essential role in; notochord specification of early embryo development of chordates.; Amphioxuses, also called cephalochordates, represent the most basally; divergent lineage of chordates, being the sister group of urochordates; and vertebrates. It is now generally agreed that amphioxus is the first; animal group to evolve a real sense of notochord in all metazoans, hence; studying Brachyury in amphioxus would shed important insights into the; origin and evolution of notochord. In order to explore the function of; Brachyury in the developmental regulation network of amphioxus, we; generated a mouse anti-amphioxus BRA polyclonal antibody. Amphioxus; possesses two Brachyury homologues genes: Bra1 and Bra2, encoding two; proteins with a sequence similarity of 93% (Fig. 1a). It is very hard to; distinguish specific epitopes between them. The transcriptome data; showed that the expression level of Bra2 was much higher than that of; Bra1 (Fig. 1b). Further analysis of BRA2 sequence feature indicated that; ideal presume antigenic determinants located in the N-terminal of BRA2; (Fig. 1c). Therefore, a 696 bp gene segment was amplified by PCR from; Bra2 N-terminal (Fig. 2a) and inserted into prokaryotic expression; vector pET28a (Fig. 2b). The recombinant plasmid pET28a-Bra2-N was; transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and induced to express the tagged; protein (Fig. 3a). We obtained a huge amount of soluble recombinant; protein with an expected size (31 ku) (Fig. 3b) and purified the tagged; protein using Ni~(2+) affinity chromatography (Fig. 3c). Three ICR mice; were immunized to generate polyclonal antibodies against amphioxus BRA2; with purified recombinant protein (1.3 g/L). The enzyme-linked; immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the titer of mouse; anti-amphioxus BRA2 antibody was 1︰256 000, with a high sensitivity; (Fig. 4a). Western blot experiments showed that the polyclonal antibody; could not only effectively identify recombinant protein (Fig. 4b) but; also recognized amphioxus BRA1 and BRA2 (Fig. 4c, Fig. 5a, b). In; conclusion, we successfully generated the mouse anti-amphioxus BRA; polyclonal antibody that would be a powerful molecular tool for further; investigating the function of Brachyury in amphioxus.国家自然科学基金项

从印刷到网络:传播重构与对话回归

从印刷时代到网络时代,传播的发展呼吁对话精神的回归和传播方式的重构。梳理近现代以来不同传播时代的特征和其术语意义的变迁,发现其中包含着公众意识的建立、大众传播的勃兴,以及由\"独白\"到\"对话\"的回归,这些特点共同塑造了当今的网络传播时代,成为传播发展的新时期

便携拉曼检测集成装置与芯片式卡盒相结合用于食品添加剂的快速检测

针对食品安全体系拉曼光谱检测的自动化前处理问题,研制了一台便携拉曼检测集成装置,能与芯片式卡盒相结合以实现食品添加剂的前处理及检测。集成装置主要包括触控屏、控制板、通讯模块、蠕动泵及小型拉曼光谱仪。蠕动泵对芯片式卡盒所需的溶剂进行程序驱动,自动完成检测前的前处理工作;小型拉曼光谱仪对前处理收集液进行检测;控制板对蠕动泵及拉曼光谱仪的参数进行设定监控;通讯模块则可把检测数据传输到WIFI设备或云数据中心,并接受指令。将集成装置应用于糖果中食用色素的检测,结果表明日落黄与柠檬黄的检测限均可达到10 mg/L。该装置体积小、检测过程快,适合用于食品安全体系的现场快速检测。国家自然科学基金(NO.U1505243);;福建省自然科学基金(NO.2015J01064);;福建省高校青年自然基金重点项目(NO.JZ160404);;国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2011YQ030124)资

A Positive Analysis of the Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Performance:On Chinese Listed Companies in Competitive Industry

运用深沪两市126家竞争性行业上市公司2002年的数据,从股权结构、董事会结构和高管激励等内外两种治理机制综合考虑了我国公司治理与公司绩效之间的关系。认为多元化股东、外部董事比例和高管激励是公司治理最为重要的三个因素,是影响公司绩效最为显著的变量;第一大股东是否为法人股、独立董事的作用、是否在国外上市对公司绩效没有显著的影响作用。This paper samples 126 listed companies in competitive industries in 2002 to verify the relationship between corporate governance and performance from internal and external governance mechanism.It turns out that decentralized ownership,higher outside director ratio and higher managers' incentives have positive effect on corporate performance,and that whether the top owner is juridical person,the independent director ratio and whether the companies are listed outside of mainland(dont) have significant effect on corporate performance

Effect of Ti-Si Mixed Oxide Support on Gold Catalysts for Gas-Phase Epoxidation of Propylene

以TiCl4和SiCl4为原料,采用水解和非水水解溶胶-凝胶两种方法制备了一系列不同Ti含量的Ti-Si复氧化物载体,继而用沉积-沉淀法制得载金催化剂.采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、N2吸附和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在氢气和氧气存在下的丙烯气相环氧化催化性能.研究表明,钛含量在6%~14%范围内时,两种方法制得的Ti-Si复氧化物均为无定形结构,但采用非水水解溶胶-凝胶法制得的载体比表面积较高.以非水水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的钛含量10%的Ti-Si复氧化物为载体得到的载金催化剂表现出较高的活性和选择性,反应60min时,丙烯转化率为5.7%,240min后降为3.3%,环氧丙烷的选择性稳定于95%左右.还考察了非水水解溶胶-凝胶的陈化时间和金沉积-沉淀溶液的pH值等对反应结果的影响.Titania-silica mixed oxides prepared by hydrolytic and one-step non-hydrolytic sol-gel routes using TiCl_4 and SiCl_4 as precursors were employed as the gold catalyst supports for gas-phase epoxidation of propylene in O_2 and H_2. Characterization studies of the supports and catalysts were performed by means of X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, N_2 adsorption, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the amorphous Ti-Si mixed oxides containing 6%-14% of Ti could be prepared by both sol-gel routes, but those by non-hydrolytic sol-gel afforded higher surface area and significant mesopores. A superior catalytic performance was obtained with the gold catalyst supported on the non-hydrolytic sol-gel Ti-Si mixed oxide containing 10% of Ti. The propylene conversion was 5.7% at the initial 60 min and 3.3% at 240 min of time on stream. The selectivity for propylene oxide was as high as 95%. The influences of aging time for the non-hydrolytic sol-gel and pH value for the Au deposition-precipitation on the performance of the Au catalyst were also discussed.国家自然科学基金(20021002,20473065,20433030);; 福建省科技重大专项(2005HZ01-3)资助项目

Research progress in separation of bio-oils by extraction methods

综述了国内外采用萃取技术分离生物油的研究进展,包括水萃取、有机溶剂萃取、络合萃取、超临界萃取、柱层析萃取等,总结了这些萃取方法的优点和缺点。指出可通过对生物质热解过程本身进行改进,如对原料进行预处理、引入催化剂进行催化热解、对热解蒸汽进行分级冷凝等,以获得富含目的产物组成的生物油,为萃取分离提供便利。最后,建议尝试一些新的萃取分离方法,如微波萃取和超声波萃取等,考察对生物油萃取分离的有效性。The recent progress in separation of bio-oils by extraction worldwide was reviewed,and specifically,the extraction with water,extraction with organic solvents,reactive extraction,supercritical extraction,and extraction-column chromatography were discussed.The advantages and drawbacks of aforementioned extraction methods were summarized.Improvements in biomass fast pyrolysis itself,such as pre-treatment of feedstocks,pryolysis with catalysts,or multi-stage condensation of pyrolysis-vapor should be attempted to obtain bio-oils rich in target components to facilitate separation of bio-oils by extraction.New extraction methods,such as microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction may be investigated to examine their effectiveness for bio-oils separation

Effects of Catalyst CaO on Fast Pyrolysis of Pine for the Production of Bio-oils

在小型鼓泡流化床反应器中,对添加CAO催化剂的松木锯末进行了快速热解制备生物油的研究。热解蒸汽采用多级冷凝,以尽可能回收更多的液体产物,同时实现液体产物的初步切割分馏。其中第一级冷凝采用循环冷却介质进行喷淋激冷,第二、三级分别采用间壁式水冷和冰浴冷却,收集到的液体产物依次命名为生物油1、生物油2和生物油3。研究表明:加入CAO后,生物油1、2和3中的含水率依次增加,热值依次降低;酸度明显下降,酮类和烃类增加,酚类减少。室温下放置30 d后,生物油中酚类含量增加(当CAO含量为30%时,酚类增加尤其明显,约50%),同时酯类含量减少,水含量增加。The effects of CaO on fast pyrolysis of pine were investigated in a small bubbling fluidized bed reactor.The generated pyrolysis vapor was condensed by three-stage cooling: quench with coolant at the first stage,water cooling with shell-and-tube heat exchanger at the second stage,and ice bath cooling at the last stage.The liquids obtained from each stage were named bio-oil 1,bio-oil 2 and bio-oil 3,correspondingly.It was found that with the addition of CaO to pine,the water content in bio-oils increased,the heating value decreased,the pH increased,the content of ketones and hydrocarbons increased while phenols decreased.The bio-oils stability tests showed that phenols content increased(increased to 50 % when 30 % of CaO is added),esters decreased and the water content increased after the bio-oils stored for 30 days at room temperature.国家863计划资助(2012AA051801