文心蘭「台農1號-紅寶石」及「台農5號-喜洋洋」新品種育成與授權

我國文心蘭產業以切花種植為主，相對的盆花市場則較小，主要導因於盆花品種稀少、老舊，以及外銷市場不易打開。農試所花卉研究中心自2002年開始進行文心蘭品種蒐集與雜交育種，新品種台農1號一紅寶石與台農5號一喜洋洋於2005年雜交所得的兄弟株，2010年11月取得紅寶石品種權，2011年2月取得喜洋洋品種權。台農1號一紅寶石植株高度36公分，11、12月開花，花期約1個月，每個假球莖可抽兩枝花梗，花主要顏色為淺磚紅色，唇辦淺粉白色，具香味；台農5號一喜洋洋植株高度35公分，12月開花，花期約1個月，每個假球莖可抽兩枝花梗，花主要顏色為紫紅色，具香味。新品種授權對象為一般花農或蘭園，授權模式為有償非專屬授權，授權期限10年，授權成功者農試所將提供台農1號一紅寶石與台農5號一喜洋洋2吋苗各100株，授權金16萬元，稅金8000元，共16萬8千元。預計新品種推出，可逐步取代舊有文心蘭小花盆花市場

Effect of Leaf Bud Excision on Flowering Regulation of Oncidium in Houli Area

品種特性、栽培溫度、光強度、肥料及除芽處理，均可影響文心蘭的開花品質及開花期。本研究以台中后里地區之文心蘭‘檸檬綠’為材料，調查不同月份去除葉芽對後續之生長與開花的影響，以評估花期調節的可能性。結果顯示於3月至7月中下旬萌發的新芽，其切花採收期落在11月中旬到隔年4月下旬，9月上旬到9月中下旬萌發之新芽其花期約在7至8月間。就利用除葉芽調節花期之目標，於3月下旬至5月下旬去除新芽，可將花期調節到11月下旬至2月中旬，或於9月上旬除葉芽將花期調節至7月中旬，以避開5至6月及9至11月的生產高峰期。 The quality and blooming season of Oncidium can be affected by characteristic of varieties, temperature, light intensity, fertilizer and bud-excision. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leaf bud-excision in different seasons on growth and flowering of Oncidium Grower Ramsy 'Honey Angel', in order to test the possibility of off-season production in Houli, Taichung. Data showed when young leaf buds were excised during the middle of March to the end of July, flower stalks were harvested on the middle of November to late April. While buds excision was done during September, flower stalks were harvested on July to August. In order to escape high peak period of Oncidium production, leaf bud could be excised during the end of March to the end of May, then harvest dates were postponed to the end of November to the middle of February, or to the middle of July when excised during September

Developing New Oncidium Varieties

我國文心蘭產業已達一定規模，但所種植的切花品種卻非常少，主要以黃色系列為主，雖然從南西變異中選出橘色及白色的文心蘭，卻受制於品種穩定性不佳或品種授權問題，無法大量推廣。農試所於2010 年取得台農1 號-紅寶石(盆花品種)品種權，2011 年取得台農2 號-黃金女孩(切花品種)、台農3 號-台灣之星(盆花品種)及台農4 號-白雪(切花品種)等品種權。其中台農4 號－白雪是我國第一個自行選育推廣的文心蘭切花品種，有別於市售的黃花品種，在顏色上是一個重大突破。由於花朵大且具優良切花特性，極有潛力成為進攻日本文心蘭切花市場的明日之星，本新品種在取得品種權後，已有超過百位的花農與本所簽訂授權合約，約佔文心蘭栽培業者的46％，可見一般栽培者亦對本品種深具信心。 Oncidium industry has reached a considerable economical scale in Taiwan. But the varieties of cut flower are scarcely planted. Most of them are yellow series. Though we have selected oncidium of orange and white from Onc. Gower Ramsey variation, it is difficult to make a big promotion as a result of its poor variety stability and the authorization problem of the plant breeder right. However, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute successfully obtained the plant breeder rights of Oncidium Tariflor Ruby’ Tainung No. 1- Ruby’ in 2010, Oncidium Tariflor Golden Girl ‘Tainung No.2-Golden Girl’, Oncidium Tariflor Snow White ‘Tainung No.3-Taiwan Star’, and Oncidium Tariflor Snow White ‘Tainung No.4-Snow White’ in 2011. Among these four, Tainung No.4-Snow White is the first cut flower variety of Oncidium developed and spread in our country. It makes a great breakthrough in color, distinguishing itself from other yellow oncidiums. Tainung No.4-Snow White has become a potential super star of Oncidium at the Japanese market due to its large flowers and excellent characteristics of cut flower. After obtaining plant breeder right of Tainung No.4-Snow White, there are more then one hundred flower growers, about 46% of the growers in Taiwan, signing authorized contracts with TARI. It is thus clear that growers have also a lot of confidence in Tainung No.4-Snow White

The Study of Grafting Methods in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch

本研究以聖誕紅''Supjibi''、''Peter Star''、''Double''、''P8408''、'' Freedom''、''V-14 Marble''及''Annette Hegg Dark Red''品種為材料，探討 如何提高聖誕紅嫁接存活率及嫁接後對植株高度之影響。''Supjibi''、'' Freedom''及''V-14 Marble''嫁接存活率試驗發現，盆接在第一星期內，嫁 接植株即大量死亡，死亡率超過50%，而接插在第一星期內，死亡率低 於5%，三星期以後嫁接植株才大量死亡，因此認為乳汁會影響嫁接存活率 。砧木與接穗在留葉數和長度的比較，砧木長由10公分增加至15公分，不 留葉至留8~10片葉片，接穗長由7公分至10公分，不留葉至留一片葉片， 存活率從1%提昇至90%以上。以石臘切片觀察聖誕紅嫁接癒合之情形，發 現嫁接十天後癒合組織即充滿砧木與接穗之間。 聖誕紅不易長側枝者嫁 接於易長側枝者，會促進不易長側枝者長側枝，使橫向生長增加，減少縱 向生長達到矮化目的。不易長側枝品種''Supjibi''、''Double''及''P8408''嫁 接於易長側枝品種''V-14 Marble''及''Annette Hegg Dark Red''，側枝數與 對照組比較皆有明顯的差異，但高度方面只有''Double''及''P8408''有明顯 差異，尤其是''Double''嫁接於''Annette Hegg Dark Red''，經摘心後高度 具有極顯著差異。This study was tried to increase the survival rate of grafted poinsettia and grafting effect on plant height by using poinsettia cvs. Supjibi, Peter Star, Double, P8408, Freedom, V-14 Marble, and Annette Hegg Dark Red.In survival study of poinsettia cvs. Supjibi, Freedom and V-14 Marble, results showed that over 50% pot grafting plants died and under 5% grafted cutting plant died in the first week. However, lots of grafted cutting plants died after the third week. Therefore, it was considered that exudates would effect the survival of grafted poinsettia. In comparison of length and leaf number of both stock and scion, as stock length increased from 10 cm to 15 cm with leaf number keeping from 0 to 8 or 10; and as scion length increased from 7 to 10 cm with leaf number keeping from 0 to 1, the survival rate increased from 1% to 90% and above. Callus are established between stock and scion 10 days after grafting in transverse section of paraffin embedded observation.The restricted-branching cultivars will increase their branching potential if restricted-branching cultivars were grafted onto freed-branching cultivar, This study was tried to increase branching occurrence (horizontal growth), and to inhibit the vertical growth. Significant difference in branching occurrence were demonstracted when restricted-branching poinsettia cvs. Supjibi, Double and P8408 was grafted onto free-branching cultivar cvs. V-14 Marble, and Annette Hegg Dark Red. There were also significant differences in height after pinching when ''Double'' poinsettia was grafted on ''Annette Hegg Dark Red''