Performance of lead-acid battery adding carbon nanotube in negative plate

研究添加不同含量碳纳米管(CnT)和炭黑对铅酸电池负极板电化学性能的影响。添加适量的CnT会增大负极内孔体积,改善活性材料的颗粒形态,使颗粒大小更均匀,提高电化学反应动力学性能。添加0.5%CnT时,1 C首次放电容量提高3%,并将极板2 C、60 S放电循环的寿命延长接近一倍,电池在SbA S 0101测试中的循环寿命也超过普通电池一倍。Effects of adding different amounts of carbon nanotube( CNT) and carbon black into negative plates in lead-acid battery were investigated.The negative plates with conductive carbon nanotube exhibited rich pore structure,better morphology and improved kinetic behavior.The addition of appropriate amount of CNT into negative plates was beneficial to improve discharge capacity and cycle life of the lead-acid battery under the condition of rapid charge-discharge processes.The initial discharge capacity of 1 C was increased 3%,the negative plate 2 C,60 s discharge cycle life was extended nearly doubled when adding 0.5% CNT,cycle life of the battery in SBA S 0101 test was also more than twice as ordinary battery.福建省软科学计划项目(2015R0077

[[alternative]]An Exploration of In-patient Utilization for Foreign Labors and Associated Factors

[[abstract]]研究背景：在經濟全球化的腳步下，日益頻繁的勞動力移徙已是一種浪潮，我國自1989年開放引進外籍勞工至今約多達31萬人口。由於來台工作之外籍勞工多來自於一些經濟狀況較落後或衛生條件亦不佳的國家，其本身所隱藏的健康問題及面臨勞力密集的工作情境，可能對我國醫療資源有所影響，實有必要對外籍勞工之醫療利用及健康問題進行探討，除張淑玲（1999）利用1997年的健保資料探討外籍勞工醫療服務利用，缺乏較長期的分析，是為本研究之動機。研究目的：探討外籍勞工住院醫療利用情形及其健康問題，並參考Andersen (1968)、Aday 與Andersen (1974)第一與第二階段之「醫療服務利用行為模式」分析外籍勞工個人型態和外部醫療資源對住院醫療服務利用之影響。研究方法：資料來源是以全民健康保險研究資料庫之1998年至2000年的住院醫療費用清單明細檔以及承保檔，及行政院衛生署衛生統計資訊網公佈之1998年至2000年的臺灣地區每萬人病床數以及每萬人醫師數。資料分析首先為描述性分析以了解外籍勞工個人型態和住院醫療服務利用情形，並進行t檢定、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸與複邏輯斯迴歸以探究各自變項與住院醫療服務利用情形。研究結果：1998年至2000年之投保外籍勞工人數分別為23,6432人、25,9508人和21,9520人，平均年齡分別為29.5歲、29.4歲與29.2歲，性別比例（男/女）由1.95：1漸趨於1：1；每年住院人數分別為4,097人、4,239人及3,540人。因重大傷病住院人數分別為13(.3%)、15(.4%)以及10(.3%)，因職業傷病住院人數分別為635(15.5%)、668(15.8%)和554(15.6%)，均無明顯增加。就醫科別仍以外科為主，診斷與手術則多偏腸胃道方面之疾病。另外需求因素(如重大傷病、職業傷病以及診斷疾病數目)則是預測外籍勞工使用住院醫療服務利用情形的最佳因子；對於整體外籍勞工而言，只有傾向因素之性別對住院醫療服務利用較有一致性的影響，如男性外籍勞工利用住院醫療服務約為女性外籍勞工的2倍。研究討論：預測住院外籍勞工之住院醫療服務利用情形應考量其本身實際生理狀況，而若衡量整體外籍勞工住院傾向則可從其性別之角度切入。建議未來可輔以問卷調查與健保資料相連接的方式，探討不同國籍別之外籍勞工醫療利用情形。[[abstract]]Research background：In today’s economic globalization world, the increasing labor migration has been a stream. Since 1989, Taiwan also had opened to admit the foreign labor into Taiwan and the number of foreign labor is up to 310,000 people so far. As many of foreign labors in Taiwan come from straggly economic situation or badly hygienic conditions, after entering our country, the hidden health problem and facing worse working circumstance will force foreign labors to influence their seeking medical service, further may make some impact to medical resource. Therefore, it is really necessary to explore the medical utilization and health problem of foreign labor. Except for 張淑玲（1999）made use of the data of National Health Insurance Research Database of 1997 to analysis foreign labor’s medical service and explore their health problems. Up till now, the long tern analysis about this topic is very rare, and it is also a motive of the study.Research purpose：We will probe the utilization of foreign labors’ hospital medical service and their health problems. Therefore, we employ the initial “Behavior model of health services utilization” by Andersen in 1968 ,and the second model by Andersen and Aday in 1974 to analysis relationship between foreign labor individual ‘s characteristic and the outside of medical resource for In-patient Utilization of foreign labors.Data resource and research method：Data include two sections. The first datum comes from National Heath Insurance Research Database including “registry for beneficiaries” and “expenditures by admissions” in 1998-2000; the second datum is about the density of physician and hospital bed from National Annual Statistics Information Service in 1998-2000. Additionally, Research method also include two parts, one is descriptive analysis to illustrate foreign labors’ characteristics and In-patient Utilization. Another is to use t-test、pearson’s correlation、multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression to explore the relationship between independent variables and In-patient Utilization. Research result：The insured numbers of foreign labor in 1998-2000 are 236,432 persons、259,508 persons and 219,520 persons respectively. The average years old of this three years respectively are 29.5、29.4 and 29.2. The proportion of gender (female/male) is trended towards and bordering on 1:1 by 1.95:1. And the number of using hospital medical service in three years respectively are 4,097 persons、4,239 persons and 3,540 persons. Moreover, the number of using hospital medical service as a result of catastrophic illness（重大傷病）in three years are 13 persons、15 persons and 10 persons separately. Equally, the number of using hospital medical service because of occupational injury（職業傷病）are 635 persons、668 persons and 554 persons in this three years. Surgery is a major clinic department, and the disease of diagnosis and operation emphasize the organ of gastrointestinal. Need component is the significant factor to predict the hospital medical service of foreign labors, such as catastrophic illness、occupational injury and the number of diagnosis diseases（診斷疾病數目）. But for tendency toward hospital medical service of all foreign labors, Gender is the only significant factor of predisposing component. For instance, male foreign labor uses hospital medical service twice as time as female foreign labor. Research conclusion：　　If we want to predict the In-patient Utilization of foreign labors, we should take into account their realistic physiology condition. As well, we can take account of foreign labors’ gender if evaluating using hospital medical service tendency of all foreign labors. The study suggestion is to employ the way of connecting questionnaire with National Health Insurance Research Database to explore medical service utilization of foreign labors of different original country

傳動機構研究與設計

[[abstract]]藉著這個專題能讓我們這組了解汽機車的齒輪比之重要性，所以我們也抱著對機車的熱忱，先做出一部簡易的小型機車。讓我們可以從中學到一些有關汽機車換檔的知識跟技術，也希望我們做出的東西可以作為自我休閒與練習的工具，進而對此所學到的技術可運用到日後我們研發更精密的機械產品

用以製備電容式矽微麥克風之晶片的無切割製程

本發明是用以製備電容式矽微麥克風之晶片的無切割製程，先在基材上依序形成具有多數穿孔的複數第一電極膜、複數犧牲板塊、複數振膜與複數第二電極膜，接著在基材底面對應該複數第一電極膜形成多數遮覆圖像，每一遮圖像具有對應於複數穿孔的穿孔，及將第一電極膜圈限的蝕刻道，然後自遮覆圖像的穿孔向內蝕刻移除基材對應於穿孔的區域，及犧牲板塊的中央區域，同時自蝕刻道向內蝕刻移除基材對應於蝕刻道的區域，最後，將每一遮覆圖像移除，即製得複數相分離的電容式矽微麥克風的晶片

The Features and Influencing Factors of In-patient Utilization of Foreign Labors in Taiwan

[[abstract]]本研究以Aday和Andersen第二階段「醫療服務利用行為模式」為基準，運用預測相關性之研究設計，分析外籍勞工個人型態（傾向因素、能用因素、需求因素）和外部醫療資源（地區人數醫師數比與地區人數病床數比）對其住院醫療服務利用之影響。方法：資料來源為1998年至2000年全民健康保險研究資料庫之住院醫療費用清單明細檔、承保檔與行政院衛生署衛生統計資訊網公佈之人口病床數及醫師數，並利用t檢定、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸與邏輯斯迴歸探究各自變項對於住院醫療服務利用情形的預測力。研究的三年期間外籍勞工投保人數分別為236,432人、259,508人和219,520人，平均投保年齡為29.5歲、29.4歲與29.2歲，男女比例由2:1漸趨於1:1；而每年住院人數則為4,097人、4,239人及3,540人。就醫科別以外科為主，診斷與手術多為腸胃道方面之疾病。另外，需求因素是預測外籍勞工使用住院醫療服務利用之最佳因子。而在衡量整體外籍勞工利用住院醫療服務時，只有傾向因素之性別有一致性之結果：男性利用住院醫療服務約為女性的2倍。在評估住院外籍勞工之住院醫療服務利用時，應考量其本身生理狀況，而若衡量整體外籍勞工住院傾向則可從性別之角度切入。建議外勞之醫療利用情形宜持續觀察，未來學者的研究方向可考慮社會脈絡之因素。 Based on the health behavior model of Aday and Andersen, the researcher examined the effect of individual characteristics(predisposing component, enabling component, and need component)and health care resources on in-patient utilization of foreign labors by using a predictive correlational research design. Two sets of secondary sources were used. The first part of database including ”in-patient expenditures by admissions” and ”registry for beneficiaries” from 1998 to 2000 was retrieved from the National Health Research Institute(NHRI)database. The second one was adopted the information about ”the density of physician” and ”hospital-bed” from the National Annual Statistics Information Service by the Department of Health from 1998 to 2000. Inferential analyses including t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to examine the relationship between individual characteristics and health care resources and in-patient utilization of foreign labors. The insured numbers of foreign labors from 1998 to 2000 were 236,432, 259,508, and 219,520, respectively. The average age of these people from 1998 to 2000 were 29.5, 29.4, and 29.2, respectively. The proportion of gender(male/female)was from 2:1 to near 1:1. The numbers of using hospital services from 1998 to 2000 were 4,097, 4,239, and 3,540, respectively. Surgery was the major reason of admission, and the terms of diagnosis and operation were mostly related to gastrointestinal disease. Need component was the significant predictor of hospitalization. Overall, gender, one of the predisposing components, was consistently and significantly associated with the use of hospital service. For instance, the rate of using hospital service of male labors was twice as much as female labors. The physical status must take into consideration while predicting in-patient utilization for foreign labors. Gender is the significant factor for predicting the use of hospital services. For further research, health care utilization among foreign labors is worthy of continuous investigation. Besides, social contexts should be considered in future study

Surveillance on Turkey, Ostrich and Waterfowl Avian Influenza

對水禽類動物鴨、鵝.雞及火雞共計265場，6000支肛門拭子或血清分別以應用反轉錄聚合鋂鏈進行檢測病毒核酸，而血清則以免疫酵素分析法及AGP等方法進行禽流感抗體之監測，如為陽性反應之檢體病進行亞型之鑑定，陽性率過高之場別，擬進行現場採集檢體進行病毒分離及以應用反轉錄聚合鋂鏈進行檢測，以早期發現未曾在台灣發生者，或者在台灣已成為地方性疾病，但有爆發成流行之趨勢者。透過台灣區人工飼養鴕鳥協會及專業獸醫師，進行鴕鳥之死亡及飼養失敗病例之收集。並進行病理之解剖、病因之探討及病原分離與鑑定。並就環境、病理學、病原所得之資料進行分析，提出解決之建議方案。Sera samples will be collected seasonally from all over the country. Avian influenza antibody of ELISA, agar gel precipitation (AGP), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Fecal samples will be collected from the antibody positive flocks, and then subjected to RT-PCR for AIV detection and subserotype determination. Domestic turkeys will detects for serological antiboies to avian influenza virus in Taiwan, sampling 20 from each group or farm to testing with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody prevalence will be analyzing as a data for prevention of AI. The turkey farms showed positive reaction after serum detection will be test to viral isolation and sub-serotyping, this farm will going to sera monitoring. In this project, we will cooperate with Taiwan Domestic Ostrich Association and employ a professional veterinarian to propagate the important of monitoring disease. We will collect clinical case ofostrichs and analysis the aetiology to establish the disease database of ostrich in Taiwan

水禽及火雞類禽流感監控

Sera samples will be collected seasonally from all over the country. Avian influenza antibody of ELISA, agar gel precipitation (AGP), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Fecal samples will be collected from the antibody positive flocks, and then subjected to RT-PCR for AIV detection and subserotype determination. Domestic turkeys will detects for serological antiboies to avian influenza virus in Taiwan, sampling 20 from each group or farm to testing with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody prevalence will be analyzing as a data for prevention of AI. The turkey farms showed positive reaction after serum detection will be test to viral isolation and sub-serotyping, this farm will going to sera monitoring.對水禽類動物鴨、鵝.雞及火雞共計265場，6000支肛門拭子或血清分別以應用反轉錄聚合

Surveillance on Waterfowl Avian Influenza

本計劃依各縣市水禽飼養比率及不同季節採集統計上足量之水禽血清樣品，分別以ELISA、AGP及HI tests測定禽流感抗體抗體並做亞型鑑定，抗體陽性場追蹤採糞材行反轉錄鋂禽流感之病毒檢測及亞型鑑定。Sera samples will be collected seasonally from all over the country. Avian influenza antibody of ELISA, agar gel precipitation (AGP), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Fecal samples will be collected from the antibody positive flocks, and then subjected to RT-PCR for AIV detection and subserotype determination

Measurement of separate electron and positron spectra from 10 to 20 GeV with the geomagnetic field on DAMPE*

The cosmic-ray (CR) electrons and positrons in space are of considerable significance for studying the origin and propagation of CRs. The satellite-borne detector Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) has been used to measure the separate electron and positron spectra, as well as the positron fraction. In this study, the Earth's magnetic field is used to distinguish CR electrons and positrons, as the DAMPE detector does not carry an onboard magnet. The energy for the measurements ranges from 10 to 20 GeV, which is currently limited at high energy by the zenith-pointing orientation of DAMPE. The results are consistent with previous measurements based on the magnetic spectrometer by AMS-02 and PAMELA, whereas the results of Fermi-LAT appear to be systematically shifted to larger values