性别比失衡下的婚姻匹配与劳动力市场表现——基于独生子女政策准自然实验的实证分析

本文首次评估性别比失衡对独生子女政策实施后出生人口的婚姻匹配与劳动力市场表现的影响。采用2013年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)和2000年人口普查数据,并根据地级市和出生年份两个维度将性别比指标与个体变量相匹配,本文得到以下结论:性别比失衡显著提高了男性的小时工资,并且对于农业户口、低教育和未婚男性,性别比失衡对其小时工资的正向影响更显著。性别比失衡显著提高了男性成为创业者的概率,并且这种影响主要体现在农业户口和低教育的男性上。采用不同的性别比稳健性指标所得到的结果与基准结果一致。本文结论表明性别比失衡具有意料之外的积极影响,即性别比失衡会通过促使男性更努力工作和激发男性的企业家精神进而促进经济增长。国家杰出青年科学基金“计量经济学方法及其在经济管理中的应用”(71625001);;\n国家自然科学基金重点项目“面板数据建模的理论与方法”(71131008);;\n广东省自然科学基金“人口年龄结构对中国创新和生产率影响机制的理论与实证研究”(2016A030310256);广东省自然科学基金“家庭异质性、结构变迁与收入分配:基于人口转型视角与大规模数据的经验研究”(2015A030313386);;\n国家留学基金(201806310057)的资

就业结构、刘易斯转折点与劳动收入份额:理论与经验研究

在中国劳动力市场分割和刘易斯转折点到来的背景下,本文从就业所有制结构变化的角度来解释中国劳动收入份额先下降后上升的变化趋势。理论分析表明当农业劳动力不断转移至个体私营部门时,劳动收入份额呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势。利用1990-2016年中国省际面板数据,本文的经验研究表明存在一个临界值:当农业劳动力比重大于该临界值时,城镇私企就业比重的提高会使劳动收入份额下降;当小于等于该临界值时,城镇私企就业比重的提高会使劳动收入份额上升;而其他就业所有制结构变量在临界值两侧不存在类似特征。城镇私企就业比重提高对2007-2016年劳动收入份额上升的解释力度约为29.37%。本文从制度保障、构建和谐劳动关系、再分配调节以及转变经济发展方式四个方面给出了政策建议

The Impact of Changes in the Term of Labor Contracts on the Workers： Evidence from the Unique Panel of CHIP 2007-2008

利用中国家庭收入调查数据（CHIP）2007-2008年独特的城镇样本面板数据,通过从工人角度考察劳动合同期限变化对工人工作收入、工作时间、是否想找新工作以及幸福感的因果影响效应,结果发现：相比于合同期限无变化的工人,合同期限变为无固定期限合同的工人其工作时间和想找新工作的可能性显著下降,幸福感显著提高,但对其工作收入没有显著影响;而合同期限由无合同或短期合同变为长期合同的工人其幸福感显著提高,但对其工作收入、工作时间以及想找新工作的可能性没有显著影响;而失去无固定期限合同的工人其工作收入和幸福感显著下降,想找新工作的可能性显著提高,但对其工作时间没有显著影响;失去长期合同的工人其想找新工作的可能性显著提高,而对其工作收入、工作时间及幸福感均没有显著影响;合同期限在无合同和短期合同之间变化的工人,其工作收入、工作时间及幸福感没有显著差异。上述结论为考察《劳动合同法》影响后果的研究提供了一个新视角。Using the urban sample of the unique panel data of CHIP 2007-2008, this paper investigates the causal impact of changes of labor contracts on workers＇ earnings, working hours, likelihood of looking for a new job and their emotional well-being. The findings show that there is significant decline in working hours and likelihood of seeking a new job, and remarkable increase in emotional well-being among workers whose contracts have changed to open-ended contracts than those whose contract terms do not change, and that the change of contracts do not have significant impact on their earnings. Change from no contracts or short-term contracts to long-term contracts greatly increases workers＇ emotional well-being, but has no significant impact on their earnings, working hours, and the likelihood to look for a new job. However, there is remarkable decline in earnings and happiness, and higher likelihood of looking for a new job among those who lose open-ended contracts, but this change do not have significant impact on working hours. Loss of long-term contracts makes workers more likely to look for a new job,but has no obvious impact on their earnings, working hours and emotional well-being. Worker without contracts or short-term contracts see no significant difference in their earnings, working hours and emotional well-being. The findings provide a new perspective for the impact of Labor Contract Law.国家自然科学基金杰青项目“计量经济学方法及其在经济管理中的应用”（71625001）;国家自然科学基金重点项目“面板数据建模的理论与方法”（71131008

Does Regional Gender Imbalance Affect Labor Share of Income Theoretical Analysis and Evidence from China

本文从经济逻辑揭示,地区性别失衡对企业劳动收入份额有负向影响,其影响机制是性别比失衡会导致本地竞争性储蓄增加进而增加企业资本集约度,在资本-劳动存在替代关系下,性别比失衡会降低企业劳动收入份额。基于中国2000年人口普查和2005-2007年工业企业调查数据的经验证据支持了上述论点:地区性别失衡显著降低了所在地微观企业劳动收入份额,即便控制婚姻流动、少数民族样本以及婚前年龄区间不同划分等因素后,结论依然稳健;企业资本集约度的确在地区性别比和企业劳动收入份额之间发挥了中介效应。此外,不同投资来源的企业,因其对本地金融市场的依赖程度不同,其劳动收入份额受地区性别比的影响也存在差异。This paper shows that the impact of the sex ratio imbalance on the labor share of in- come for enterprises is negative through a theoretical framework. The influencing mechanism is that the sex ratio imbalance would increase the capital intensity of enterprises, which would decrease the labor share of income when the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor is above one. Using the 2000 census and 2005-2007 industrial enterprises data of china, the empirical results support our argu- ment that the gender imbalance would lead to a decline of labor share of income for micro-enterprises. The conclusion is still reliable even after controlling marriage flow, minority sample, premarital age range etc. In addition, we find that the capital intensity of enterprises is a mediator which carries the influence of the sex ratio imbalance on the labor share of income for enterprises. Furthermore, the effect of the sex ratio im- balance on the labor share of income differs among enterprises with different investment sources. The reason behind this is that different types of enterprises have various degrees of dependency on the local financial market.国家社科基金青年项目“女性就业视阈下我国性别失衡的劳动力市场效应研究”(16CRK017)；国家自然科学基金项目“中国劳动收入份额决定的微观机制:基于转型背景和企业要素收入分配视角的理论和实证研究”(71473089)的资助

An International Study on the Relationship between Fertility Rate and Income Inequality under the Constraint of Intergenerational Mobility

收入不平等问题和人口生育率过低问题是当下中国面临的两大难题,但目前理论界关于人口因素与收入不平等关系的研究,很少从生育率视角来考察以及考虑代际收入流动在其中的作用。文章从理论与经验两个方面来考察生育率对收入不平等的影响,理论模型表明:在关于代际收入流动的假设下,一个经济体中生育率的提高会使穷人比重提高,进而拉大收入不平等。进一步地,文章利用1970-2011年76个国家(地区)面板数据的经验研究发现:(1)总和生育率的提高会拉大收入不平等,如果每个妇女平均多生育一个孩子,将会使基尼系数增加0.025;(2)以出生率作为总和生育率替代指标的实证结果与基准结果基本一致,这说明不同生育率测算指标高度相关且可相互替代;(3)对于代际收入流动弹性越高、收入水平越低或生育率越高的国家(地区),其生育率提高对收入不平等的拉大作用越大。文章关于生育率对收入不平等影响的作用机制和异质性特征的考察,对于我国如何在实施"全面二孩"政策下寻求应对严峻的收入分配问题之策提供了国际经验和启示。The problems of income inequality and low fertility rate are two major challenges in China nowadays.However,there are few researches about the relationship between demographic factor and income inequality from the perspective of fertility rate and exploring the role of intergenerational income mobility in the academia.This paper theoretically and empirically explores the impact of fertility rate on income inequality.The theoretical analysis shows that an increase in fertility rate will increase the proportion of the poor,thus enlarging the income inequality in an economy under the assumption of the intergenerational income mobility.Furthermore,using a cross-country panel dataset covering 76 countries and regions between 1970 and 2011,our empirical findings show as follows：firstly,an increase in total fertility rate will lead to a rise in income inequality;specifically speaking,if each woman has one more child on average,the Gini coefficient will increase by 0.025;secondly,the results by using the birth rate as a proxy indicator for total fertility rate are identical with the basic results,which mean that different measurement indicators for fertility rate are highly correlated with each other and can be mutually substituted;thirdly,total fertility rate has a greater impact on income inequality in countries with higher level of intergenerational income mobility elasticity,lower level of income,or higher level of total fertility rate.The analysis of the mechanism and heterogeneous characteristics of the effect of fertility rate on income inequality provides international experience and enlightenment for how to deal with the serious income distribution issue under the universal two-child policy.国家社会科学基金青年项目(16CRK017)

城市生态文明建设与新一代劳动力流动——劳动力资源竞争的新视角

中国民众对美好环境的诉求日益强烈,生态文明建设已上升为国家战略决策,而地方政府对加强生态文明建设的认识还有待提高。本文首次从微观个体角度研究城市生态文明建设与劳动力流动的关系,将中国劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS)与城市生态健康指数数据进行匹配,利用条件Logit模型对两者关系进行实证检验。通过一系列稳健性检验后发现,城市生态健康对吸引劳动力流入有显著促进作用,劳动力倾向于流向生态建设好的城市。从异质性结果看,流动年份较近、教育水平较高、年龄较小、男性和室内工作的流动人群对城市生态环境更敏感;内陆、秦岭淮河以北、大中小型和高工资水平的城市,生态文明建设对劳动力流动决策的作用更明显。最后,本文利用双层随机截距模型对城市生态文明建设影响劳动力流动的内在机制进行分析。结合实证结论与理论分析,本文认为,政府可以通过城市生态文明建设在劳动力资源竞争中开辟一条新途径,为加快经济转型、实现高质量发展储备优质"燃料"

Shell Evolution Study for New Magic Number N =32 via Isochronous Mass Spectrometry

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">Recent results and progress of mass measurements of neutron-rich nuclei utilizing Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) based on the HIRFL-CSR complex at Lanzhou are reported. The nuclei of interest were produced through projectile fragmentation of primary 86Kr ions at a realistic energy of 460.65 MeV/u. After in-flight separation by the fragment separator RIBLL2, the fragments were injected and stored in the experimental storage ring CSRe, and their masses were determined from measurements of their revolution times. The re-determined masses were compared and evaluated with other mass measurements, and the impact of these evaluated masses on the shell evolution study is discussed.</span