豪雨被害が家計および個人の時間配分に与える影響分析

This paper examines the effect of rainfall variability on people’s time allocation using weekly household survey data sourced from rural Zambia. The data collection period was November 2007 to November 2009, during which an extremely heavy rainfall occurred. Changes in time allocation are examined among various activities using time use data from a weekly household survey. The data show that people worked longer hours after the heavy rainfall. These results were robust for activity categories, gender, and comparisons between children and adults.和文のものは、英文の報告の内容を要約したものとなってい

家計消費の脆弱性と回復力およびそれらの決定因 -ザンビア南部州の事例-

Risk coping and consumption smoothing in rural areas of developing countries, where people’s livelihood is often subject to various risks, have been well documented. However, the literature has not properly considered the time required for households and/or individuals to recover their level of consumption. To address the lack in the literature, we have incorporated the time dimension in the process of recovery from a shock in this paper. For this purpose, we have adapted the concept of resilience from ecology and define it in the context of consumption smoothing. Moreover, unlike most previous studies on consumption smoothing, we utilize weekly data collected before and after a covariate shock so as to provide empirical evidence of resilience.In this paper, we provide an empirically workable definition of “resilience” at the household level. Resilience is based on the measurement of household food consumption per capita and is defined by the speed of the recovery of food consumption from a shock. Then, following the definition, we empirically estimate resilience using data collected in a rural area of Zambia, where its rain-fed agriculture is highly affected by rainfall variation. In this particular dataset, a heavy rain took place in December 2007. Resilience is measured as the speed of consumption recovery after the heavy rain shock.Our panel data analyses reveal that the heavy rain caused a shock, i.e., reduction of food consumption, among the sample households, and it took almost one year for them to recover from the shock. Our analyses also show that household assets, such as land and livestock, have a positive effect on enhancing resilience. Then, dividing the sample into rich and poor groups based on the value of cattle holdings, we conducted similar analyses for each group separately and found that households in the rich group were more resilient than those in the poor group. The results indicate that some poor households that lack sufficient assets may not be able to recover consumption. Moreover, it is found that households in the poor group were more sensitive to the rainfall shock: they reduced consumption more quickly after the shock than did those in the rich group. We do not indicate in this paper how the sample households recover their consumption from the shock such as labor supply and livestock sales. Incorporating those coping behaviors is our next research topic as we have enough data to do it.和文のものは、英文の報告の内容を要約したものとなってい

Yamagata Journal of Health Sciences

本研究は、頭頸部がんおよび食道がん患者を対象とし、患者と家族の入院時と退院時の健康評価を調査した。その結果を基に退院支援で必要な具体的援助について検討した。対象は、患者およびその家族であった。調査は、健康関連QOL を測定する尺度としてSF-12®、生活状況および不安に関するアンケートを使用した。その結果、患者は入院時に身体的、精神的にも健康評価が低く、退院時に健康評価が回復する傾向にあった。また、家族は身体の健康状態は概ね良いが、精神的な面の健康評価が、入院時に低く退院する時にさらに低下した。これらの結果より、治療を受ける患者よりも、家族の方が大きなストレスにさらされている可能性があることを推察する。このことより、家族とコミュニケーションを図る場を設け質問や不安を訴えやすい環境をつくり、看護師は必要な情報提供を行っていく必要があると考える