Influence of Different Enzyme Preparation on Premature Yeast Flocculation activity of PYF Factor from Malt

选取2种不同复合酶制剂,采用乙醇沉淀法提取出麦芽中PYF因子,通过模拟糖化条件及添加不同酶量来考察外加酶是否对PYF因子具有水解能力。结果发现,与对照组PYF活力值(F=78.79)相比,不同添加量的2种复合酶与PYF因子作用后PYF活力值没有发生显著变化(P>0.05),即PYF因子是一种结构特殊、复合酶不能水解的多糖大分子。Through simulating saccharification condition and adding different enzyme amount,the hydrolysis abilities of 2 different kinds of enzyme preparation on PYF factor,which was extracted from malt by ethanol precipitation, were measured and compared.The results showed that compared with the PYF activity value(F=78.79) of control group,PYF activity value didn't change significantly(P>0.05)after 2 kinds of enzyme with different adding amounts acted with PYF factor,namely that PYF factor was a kind of polysaccharide with a higher molecular weight and special structure and couldn't be hydrolyzed by enzyme

Electrochemical Deposition of Cr from Cr(III)-Based [BMIM]HSO4 and NaOAc Electrolyte

本文研究了Cr3+在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[BMIM]HSO4）电解液中的电沉积反应以及添加剂NaOAc对电镀铬的影响. 含Cr3+电解液的循环伏安结果表明，Cr(III)还原为Cr(II)的峰电位是-1.5 V (vs. Pt)， 峰电位和峰电流均满足Rendle-Sevcik扩散方程，由该方程计算得到Cr3+的扩散系数为1.6 × 10-8 cm2·s-1. 铬镀层的X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜表征结果表明镀层由纳米球状的单质铬颗粒聚集而成，其平均粒径为0.87 μm. 在电解液中添加NaOAc后，Cr3+的还原峰电位正移了约0.25 V. 同时EDS结果表明，在NaOAc的作用下镀层中Cr/O摩尔比由4.48增加至6.28，这说明OAc-有利于单质铬的电沉积. 当电解液中NaOAc-[BMIM]HSO4-CrCl3-H2O的摩尔比为0.075:1:0.5:6时，所得的镀层最厚(63 μm)与电流效率最高(33.5%).Using trivalent chromium ions (Cr(III)) as the chromium source for chromium electrodeposition has attracted much attention since it can reduce the toxicity of the whole process. Even though the chromium deposition in Cr(III)-based ionic liquid bath can avoid the most hydrogen evolution problem, CrCl3·6H2O is widely used as the Cr(III) precursor, which still contains water and has the stable octahedral structure. As a result, it is difficult to deposit Cr and there is still hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Moreover, the hydroxyl ions (OH-) produced during HER react with Cr3+ to form Cr(OH)3, which will affect the performance and property of the Cr layer. To avoid the formation of Cr(OH)3, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydro sulfate ([BMIM]HSO4) aqueous solution was used as the electrolyte in this work. To enhance the depositing ability and to lower the reduction onset potential of Cr(III), NaOAc was used as the additive. Electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were made to test the electrochemical performance in different electrolytes. Chromium layers were electrodeposited on copper plates at a constant potential of -3.0 V (vs. Pt). The Cr thickness and current efficiency were calculated based on the gravimetric method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques were used to study the surface morphology, crystalline structure and elemental composition of the deposited Cr layer, respectively. The cyclic voltammetric results showed that the reduction of Cr(III) to Cr(0) is a two-step process. First, Cr(III) reduced to Cr(II) at -1.50 V (vs. Pt). Then, Cr(II) further reduced to Cr(0) at -2.10 V (vs. Pt). Both of the peak current and peak potential followed the Rendle-Sevcik equation, by which the diffusion coefficient of Cr3+ at 40 ℃ was calculated to be 1.6 ×10-8 cm2·s-1. The XRD and SEM characterizations indicated that the Cr coating layers were composed of Cr nanoparticles with an average particle size of 0.87μm. The NaOAc effect on the electrodeposition of Cr was also studied. After adding NaOAc, the reduction peak potential of Cr(III)shifted to positive direction, indicating less energy required to reduce Cr3+. Additionally, the molar ratio of Cr:O in the coating layer increased from 4.48 to 6.28, indicating that OAc- was helpful for the electrodeposition of Cr metal. This was because the addition of OAc- could break the stable octahedral structure of CrCl3·6H2O. Overall, the best coating thickness (63 μm) and highest current efficiency (33.5%) were obtained when the molar ratio of NaOAc-[BMIM]HSO4-CrCl3-H2O electrolyte was 0.075:1:0.5:6. Based on this study, it can be concluded that [BMIM]HSO4-NaOAc aqueous electrolyte might be benefited to electrodeposit pure Cr, instead of Cr(OH)3, with relatively high current efficiency and low reduction onset potential.无作者联系地址：1. 华东理工大学化学工程国家重点实验室，上海 200237；2. 石油化工新材料协同创新中心，安徽 安庆 246011Author's Address: 1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Petrochemical New Materials，Anqing 246011，Anhui，China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

绿色农业新技术集成研究与示范

一、该项目针对农业生产中食品安全和环境污染问题,开展了S-诱抗素、新奥霉素、壳寡糖、棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂与昆虫病原线虫生物制剂、功能性堆肥及其浸提液工业化生产等的试验和示范,立项准确,针对性强,意义重大。 二、项目研究出S-诱抗素等生物制剂及其生产工艺、工厂化技术;研究开发出昆虫病原线虫活体繁殖技术,实现了工厂化生产;研究开发了两种功能性堆肥及浸提液,提出了“功能性堆肥+秸秆生物反应堆+堆肥浸提液+S-诱抗素等生物制剂”健康、安全设施蔬菜生产模式;在宁夏实现了地上、地下,土壤、作物生物制剂联防技术体系,为低耗、高效、安全、健康农产品生产开辟了新途径。 三、在S-诱抗素、新奥霉素高产菌株的生产工艺,昆虫病原线虫活体繁殖工厂化生产方面取得了新突破;在S-诱抗素、新奥霉素、壳寡糖、棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂、功能性堆肥及其浸提液集成应用控制作物病虫害等方面有创新。研究成果达到了国内先进水平,S-诱抗素、新奥霉素高产菌株的生产工艺研究达到国际领先。 四、项目执行期间,在宁夏15个市县建立核心试验基地14个,示范推广点40个,累计推广面积17万亩,新增效益9600万元。获得发明专利4项,实用新型专利1项,制定地方标准5项,专著1部,发表论文19篇(其中SCI收录6篇)。培训农技人员300人次,农民4700多人次

2005～2015年CERN光合有效辐射数据集

光合有效辐射在生态学、农学以及气候学等多个学科中都有重要的应用价值。它是揭示物质与能量交换过程的基本生理变量,是光合潜力、潜在产量的评估研究和作物生长模拟研究、土壤碳的固定模拟研究中不可缺少的关键数据之一。该数据集涵盖了中国8个典型陆地生态类型、中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)下属的40个辐射观测站观测的光合有效辐射日均值,时间跨度为2005～2015年。通过对传感器的集中标定与规范的数据质量控制方案,保障了观测数据的可靠性与可比性。采用光谱仪、辐射标准灯传递辐射基准方案,对光合有效辐射传感器进行集中标定与比对,标定精度小于5%,符合世界气象组织(WMO)标准;采用极值法对观测的光合有效辐射数据进行质量控制