饲料蛋白含量对克氏原螯虾的影响

以初始体重为10.70±0.15g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus Clarkii)为实验对象,在室内静水养殖系统(容积58L)中进行为期8周的生长实验,研究饲料中不同蛋白水平对克氏原鳌虾的影响。以鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源,鱼油为脂肪源,饲料蛋白水平分别为20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放9尾虾,每天(08:30和16:30)表观饱食投喂两次,实验期间水温为27±1℃,pH≈7.2,溶解氧含量在6.5mg/L左右,氨氮低于0.5mg/L。实验结果表明,随着饲料中蛋白水平的升高,克氏原螯虾的体增重、特定生长率和摄食率呈先上升后下降的趋势(P<0.05),饲料中蛋白含量显著影响了克氏原螯虾的脱壳率(P<0.05),但对存活率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。以克氏原螯虾的特定生长率为评价指标,用二次曲线模型分析得出克氏原螯虾对饲料中蛋白的适宜含量约为38.7%

中华医学会会议论文集

&lt;正&gt;目的调查中国老年人群认知障碍及情绪障碍患病率,建立全国性老年常见心理问题的评估工具常模。方法在全国8省市共15个参研单位,用中央随机的方法对60岁以上人群进行随机抽样。收集一般资料、现病史、既往史,进行体检及神经系统检查。由经一致性培训的心理测评员进行简明精神状态检查(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估&nbsp;</p

Methodology of China＇s national study on the evaluation, early recognition, and treatment of psychological problems in the elderly： the China Longitudinal Aging Study （CLAS）

认知和抑郁障是中国老年人常见的心理障碍,已成为严重的公共卫生问题,主要原因是快速的老龄化。为解决这一问题,中国政府资助了一项重大研究,以建立老年人常见心理障碍的早期识别、评估和非药物治疗标准。本文介绍了此研究的总体方法学。来自于8个省市的15个研究中心将从60岁以上老年人群中招募有代表性的研究样本,收集详细的病史资料,完成躯体和神经系统检查,进行全套神经心理测验和临床评定量表评估,采用DSM-IV定式临床访谈作出诊断。初始评估结束后第1年和第3年,将对研究对象进行随访评估。轻度认知损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和亚临床抑郁者会被纳入随机对照研究,接受认知训练(MCI者)或团体认知行为治疗(亚临床抑郁者)。研究结果将用于估计老年入的认知和情感障碍的患病率,制定标准的筛查程序在全国推广应用,并促进采用针对性的干预措施来预防MCI发展为痴呆及老年亚临床抑郁进展为抑郁症。Summary： Cognitive and depressive disorders are common in elderly Chinese and are becoming an increasingly important public health problem, partly because of the rapid aging of the population. To help address this issue China＇s national government has funded a major study to establish national standards for the early identifica- tion, evaluation and treatment of common psychological disorders in the elderly. The present paper describes the overall methodology of this study. Fifteen centers in eight provinces will recruit representative samples of subjects aged 60 and over, collect a detailed history, conduct a physical and neurological examination, ad- minister a comprehensive battery of psychological tests, and carry out a diagnostic exam using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV （SCID）. These subjects will participate in follow-up evaluations one year and three years after the initial evaluation. Subsamples of subjects with mild cognitive impairment （MCI） and subclinical depression wilt be enrolled in randomized controlled trials of a cognitive training program （for MCI） or group cognitive behavioral therapy （for subclinical depression）. The results of the study will be used to estimate the prevalence of cognitive and affective disorders in the elderly, to develop a standard screening procedure for these conditions that can be promulgated nationally, and to promote the use of specific interventions that can prevent the development of dementia in persons with MCI and the development of depressive episodes in elderly individuals with subclinical depression