展示公開施設の館内環境調査報告ー平成14年度ー

The National Research Institute for Cultural Properties，Tokyo，in collaboration with the Agency for Cultural Affairs（Bunkacho）advises museums on how they should design their facilities to provide adequate environment for the exhibition of nationallydesignated cultural objects．This report shows the results of inspection in 2002． The number of advice given was 803 in 2002．Results of inspections were reported to 20 museums in 2002 for their exhibitions．Methyl bromide has been widely used as auseful insecticide for cultural properties in Japan．However，the use of methyl bromide will be banned at the end of 2004 for the protection of the stratospheric ozone layer．Now prevention of pest problems without the use of chemicals is required．Therefore，the importance of monitoring temperature and humidity of museum buildings and keeping them at appropriate levels will increase for preventing pest problems．It is also important to check the museum environment such as localized condensation due to uneven temperature distribution, poor damp proofing，leaking from water pipes，etc

古墳の保存と活用のための生物等被害状況アンケート調査―九州―

To study how to maintain burial mounds, a questionnaire survey was conducted on conservation problems at burial mounds in Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Oh-ita, and Nagasaki, prefectures. The rate of return was 68.8% (January 2004) in Fukuoka and 62.5% (May 2005) in Kumamoto. Boards of education of 53 cities in Fukuoka administrate approximately 130 burial mounds; boards of education of 15 cities in Kumamoto administrate approximately 142 mounds. It was found that biodeterioration had occurred in 10% of the mounds. Overgrowth of lichen is a serious problem for the conservation of mounds which are open without any interception of light. Floods and water leakage into chambers from cracks of mounds made by invasion of plant roots are serious threats to the maintainance of the mounds. It was also mentioned in many of the comments that the collapse of trees on the mounds occurred often due to heavy rain and big typhoons and that the boards of educations are always financially distressed. Molds were recognized in some chambers and it was also pointed out that mold growth was suppressed after partition by glass with sealing. Many boards of education also hoped that specific instructions to maintain mounds - for example, how the mounds should be remade, what their ideal structures and thicknessare, which plants should be used to cover the mounds, and so on - be proposed as standard

高松塚古墳石室内の温湿度および墳丘部の水分分布調査

We investigated the stone chamber with mural paintings in Takamatsuzuka tumulus（Kofun），which was built from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century．Inside the stone chamber，humidity was approximately 100%．Because of this high humidity and high water content of the lime plaster wall，fungi appeared on the surface of the wall．In order to develop protective measures against fungi growth，water regime in the stone chamber and surrounding mound was studied．From observation it was found that the area of fungi growth corresponded well with the area of high water content on the lime plaster wall．It was also clarified that the water content in the mound increased with rain fall．The variation of water content of the deep part in the mound was higher in the east mound and lower in the west mound around the stone chamber．This corresponded to the fact that the east wall had a higher water content than the west wall of the stone chamber． From these results，it was recommended to reduce water penetration to the mound surrounding the stone chamber．For this purpose as temporary protective measures, impermeable sheet is used to stop the penetration of rain into the mound and a drainage system is constructed around the mound．The detailed inspection of the stone chamber and surrounding mound is carried out continuously for the evaluation of the temporaryprotective measures

高松塚古墳の微生物対策の経緯と現状

Takamatsuzuka Tumulus was excavated in 1972, and the policy of conservation of its beautiful plaster paintings was discussed intensely at that time. Specialists in the conservation of historical sites made of stone were invited from France and Italy. Though there was a suggestion to relocate the plaster paintings by a method like the storappo method used with fresco, there was also a great concern about the stability of the plaster paintings which had been kept in high humidity of about 100% RH for more than a thousand years. The plaster of the mural paintings had deteriorated significantly at the time of the excavation in 1972; exfoliation and flaking were seen at many places on the paintings. Considering such conditions, it was thought thatdesiccation would be catastrophic to the beauty and stability of the plaster paintings. It was also feared that storappo of such heterolytic plaster surfaces would be very difficult. Thus it was determined to maintain the plaster paintings on site, in very high humidity. The basic concept of this decision was to keep the plaster paintings in the original environment, hopefully in the environment of unexcavated, buried condition. High humidity was good for the physical condition of the plaster, but at the same time it imposed a very difficult situation on fighting biodeterioration of the paintings. None of the methods of control by chemicals, low oxygen atmosphere, very low temperature, etc. was realistic in this case. Keeping the plaster paintings in about 100% RH means relying mainly upon the natural balance of microorganisms in a closed environment. When a small system is shut out from the outside world, microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria would be active at the start, but gradually come to a balancing point of no drastic change. However every small perturbation of temperature, humidity, invasion of new kinds of microorganisms from outside, or change by restoration works would break the balance and cause a new outbreak of microorganisms. Thus the strategy for maintaining the paintings should be to keep any stimulations out from the stone chamber, to keep the original buried environment. A facility was constructed to maintain the temperature and humidity of the adjacent space the same with those in the soil when staff had to go into the stone chamber. Thorough disinfection has also been performed on mechanics and staff when restoration works or annual checking were necessary. More than thirty years have passed since the decision was made. Although great efforts have been made to keep the paintings free from outbreak of microorganisms, changes in the condition that occurred a few times have caused fungal outbreaks on the plaster paintings. Once such an outbreak occurred, fungi deteriorated the plaster paintings significantly both esthetically and physically. Such deterioration has accumulated to a very dangerous point for keeping the paintings in the present condition. Now it is considered time to make drastic decisions for the conservation and restoration of the paintings to protect them from further deterioration

〔報告〕25年目を迎える保存担当学芸員研修

The Seminar Course for Museum Curators which has been held by the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo since 1984 will be in its 25th year. The total number of participants up to now has counted 537. They hold responsible positions in the conservation of cultural properties in museums

キトラ古墳保護覆屋内の環境について―温度・湿度と炭酸ガス濃度―

Kitora Tumulus is located in Asuka-mura, Nara prefecture and is thought to have been founded in the late 7th century. It is famous for its decoration with paintings of Chinese god beasts and animal servants on the walls of its stone chamber. Excavation started in 2004 and the relocation of paintings are now being executed. In this article, the environmental conditions in the conservation work of 2004-2005 are reported. Methods for controlling the environment of the buffer zone next to the stone chamber are also documented. It was made clear that sensors to measure humidity and carbon dioxide concentration did not have long life under especially high humid conditions of approximately 100% RH. However, it was found that a carbon dioxide sensor might detect the threat of explosive growth of microorganisms at an early stage