Exploring Meaningfulness through Absurdity: Analyzing Krapp’s Last Tape with Cohesive Devices

本论文采用衔接手段来分析萨缪尔•贝克特英文剧作《克拉普最后的录音带》，探究作者贝克特要表达什么主旨，如何表达，以及他为什么要以这种方式进行表达。通过主体部分的衔接分析，该论文旨在发现其剧作的现实重要性，达到形式、内容和主旨的一致性。 本文将从剧本中三个不同叙述者的角度出发，对这三部分文本中出现的各种词语衔接功能进行探讨，并通过研究这些功能及其与主题的关联，以及它们在不同叙述者口中起到的或相互照应或前后对比的作用，我们最终得出三个相关的论点，并将其整合，总结出贝克特的这篇剧作揭露荒谬人生的现实意义。 论文结尾通过心理分析理论，阐述了荒诞派戏剧代表人物贝克特看似消极的文风背后所暗藏...This thesis endeavors to analyze Samuel Beckett’s play Krapp’s Last Tape by resorting to cohesion analysis and intends to illuminate on the content, the way and the reason of the author expressing his unique ideas in his special manner. Through the analysis, the ultimate purpose of this thesis will be to figure out the significance of the play in a psychoanalytical light and achieve conformity bet...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院英语语言文学系_英语语言文学学号：1202008115282

Design and Implementation of Group Customer Monitoring System Based on Professional Network Management

随着电信运营商的业务的不断拓展，集团客户业务已经成为运营商其重要的组成部分。以往的集团客户业务的监控主要基于传输专业网管和集团客户侧的投诉，对监控质量和故障处理带来诸多不便。集团客户监控系统的出现将解决了这些问题。本文主要对集团客户监控平台的系统架构、软件部署、硬件部署及目前集团客户监控平台的使用情况进行研究。 该系统可以满足运营商内省内不同地市公司现有部门组织架构和服务模式。前端通过数据整合、流程衔接、界面集成等多种手段集合了BBOSS系统、经分系统、预警系统、电子渠道、电子工单流、资源系统等多个系统功能，是面向领导、管理员、客户经理、工程网络人员等角色并承担生产、管理、分析、协同等职能的...With the business development of telecom operators, the business for Group clients has become an important part of telecom operators. To monitor the business of former Group clients is mainly based on transmission of professional network and complaints from our clients, which have caused so much inconvenience for quality monitoring and fault handling. As Group clients’ monitoring system is introdu...学位：工程硕士院系专业：软件学院_工程硕士(软件工程)学号：X201023047

虹鳟免疫诱导型基因Cathelicidin2启动子功能分析

本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR实验对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Cathelicidin2(Cath2)基因的转录模式进行了分析。结果显示,该基因在鳃、头肾等与机体免疫防御功能密切相关的组织内转录,在细菌和病毒感染后,转录水平均显著升高。对基因上游调控序列进行启动子和转录因子结合位点预测,发现该启动子具有真核生物典型的TATA盒和CAAT盒结构,基因上游直至第一内含子区域内,密集存在多个免疫相关转录因子结合位点,其中,2个核因子κB(Nuclear factor kappa B,NFκB)预测结合位点均位于核心启动子正链区域。在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肾组织细胞系内,绿色荧光蛋白和萤火虫荧光素酶基因都能够在该启动子驱动下表达,表明其具有启动子活性,且启动子活性在受到免疫诱导后增强,包括细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)模拟的细菌感染和聚肌胞苷酸(Polyinosinic polycytidylic acid,Poly I:C)模拟的病毒感染。双荧光素酶报告基因检测显示,启动子活性在与NFκB转录因子表达时,增强至4.39倍,证明Cath2基因受NFκB通路调控。研究表明,虹鳟Cath2基因能够在多种免疫刺激诱导下表达,其启动子可以应用为免疫诱导型的基因工程元件,驱动外源免疫基因在鱼体内适时表达,抵御外界病原感染,同时,避免非必要条件下的过度表达形成生长负担。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007)共同资助~

Gene and Construct-specific Qualitative PCR Detection of Transgenic Carnations

以澳大利亚flOrIgEnE公司和日本SunTOry公司研发的两种转基因香石竹MOOnSHAdE、MOOnlITE为研究对象,针对内参照基因AnS和外源基因f3’5’H、CHS启动子、d8TEr,建立基因特异性定性PCr检测方法。此外,分别在外源MAC启动子和dfr基因上设计PCr引物,开展构建特异性PCr检测,定性PCr方法的检测灵敏度为0.5%。该方法的建立为转基因香石竹的进口检测、中国监管和环境安全评价提供了初步数据。In this study,In view of the endogenous reference gene ANS and the exogenous genes such as F3' 5'H,CHS promoter,D8ter,the gene and construct – specific qualitative PCR detection methods were established for transgenic carnations——Moonshade,Moonlite which were developed by Japanese Suntory company and Australian Florigene company.In addition,PCR primers were designed respectively in the exogenous MAC gene promoter and the DFR gene,construct–specific qualitative PCR detection was carried out.The detection sensitivity reached 0.5%.The establishment of this method provides preliminary data for the transgenic carnation import detection,domestic supervision and environmental safety assessment.上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目“转基因植物田间试验监测技术体系建立和产品检测方法研究”(沪农科攻字2008第8-9号

鲑鳟通用型低通量单核苷酸多态性芯片的开发

为开发常见鲑鳟养殖物种通用的遗传分析工具,本研究利用Affymetrix虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss） 57K高通量单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）芯片,对国内代表性鲑鳟养殖群体开展了分型检测,包括山女鳟（Oncorhynchus masou masou）、银鲑（Oncorhynchus kisutch）、美洲红点鲑（Salvelinus fontinalis）、白斑红点鲑（Salvelinus leucomaenis） 4个物种,从57,501个SNP标记中筛选出96个共享多态性标记,应用Fluigidm 96.96动态芯片平台,构建了大麻哈鱼属（Oncorhynchus）和红点鲑属（Salvelinus）通用型低通量SNP芯片。该芯片分型结果准确性较高,与Affymetrix高通量芯片分型一致性达到96.55%。使用该芯片对来自6个家系的48尾银鲑个体及其候选亲本进行检测,应用Cervus 3.0.7软件进行亲权鉴定,结果能够准确重现复杂家系的真实系谱。在用于单亲本亲权鉴定时,第一亲本非排除率（Non-exclusion probability for first parent, NE-1P）为4.120×10–4;用于双亲本亲权鉴定时,双亲非排除率（Non-exclusion probability for parent pair, NE-PP）低至6.219×10–12,表明该芯片在鲑鳟养殖群体系谱鉴定应用中具有较高的准确性。使用该芯片开展4个鲑鳟养殖群体遗传结构分析,样本分群聚类结果与其所属的分类阶元相符,能够准确反映群体遗传组分构成和遗传关系。本研究构建的低通量SNP芯片在常见鲑鳟养殖物种中具有良好的通用性,将其应用于养殖群体遗传分析,能够为鲑鳟制种、育种和引种等科学决策提供基因组信息参考。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007)共同资助~

Treatment System of Ballast Water in Oceanic Ships Using Hydroxyl Radical(·OH) Based on Strong Electric-field Discharge

船舶压载水的交换可能致使海洋中不同海域生物的交互入侵,打破原有海域生态系统的平衡,为此,研究了一种基于强电离放电方法规模化制备羟基自由基技术的新型船舶压载水处理系统。该系统利用大气压下强电场电离放电,将氧气和气态水充分电离,离解产生大量氧活性粒子,并通过高速射流,在管路中完成空化效应,制备高浓度羟基溶液,实现在船舶压载水装载过程中快速、高效的杀灭有害微生物和病原体。实验结果显示,压载水经过质量流量为10 T/H的压载水处理系统处理后,藻和细菌被全部杀灭,致死率达100%。在48 H和120 H两个时间点对处理舱进行检测,未发现有再生现象发生。除此之外,比较处理前后水质参数及生物学指标变化情况,经羟基处理后丙二醛(MdA)浓度有明显升高,而水中bOd、COd质量浓度明显降低。通过对MdA检测,羟基杀灭机制很可能是通过影响细胞脂质过氧化进程来完成。处理后压载水的水质得到了明显改善,减轻了压载水排放过程中对排放水域的环境压力。Exchanging ballast water from ships might cause the interactive bio-invasion of different seawater, and break ecological balance.Therefore, we described a ship ballast water system which generates hydroxyl radical from strong electric field ionization discharge.The discharge at atmospheric pressure could ionize O2 in air and gaseous H2O to form a large amount of oxygen active particles, which were injected into a tube of the ballast water treatment system to generate a high concentration of ?OH solution through the cavitation effect.The ?OH solution could kill harmful micro-organisms in ballast water quickly and efficiently.Test results showed that, after being treated by the system at a flow speed of 10 t/h, the single-cell algae and bacteria in ballast water were almost completely eliminated, and the micro-organisms did not reactivate at 48 h and 120 h.In the treated ballast water, the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) obviously increased while BOD and COD decreased significantly.According to the MDA test, ?OH probably kills algae and bacteria though preoxidating their cytolipin.The treatment can effectively lower the pollution from the ballast water.The results indicate that solution of high ?OH concentration significantly improves the quality of ballast water, hence it relieves the environmental threats of the ballast water discharge on local marine system.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA062609); 国际科技合作项目(2010DFA61470); 国家杰出青年科学基金(61025001)~

国内虹鳟代表性养殖群体的高通量SNP芯片检测及遗传分析

本研究旨在对国内虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)代表性养殖群体开展全基因组水平的遗传评估。利用57K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,检测了来自不同地域的6个虹鳟养殖群体样本共计48尾,包括黑龙江虹鳟、黑龙江金鳟、四川虹鳟、四川金鳟、北京虹鳟和北京金鳟,共获得有效SNP位点50201个,在中国虹鳟中的多态比例达到97.7%,表明该芯片虽然基于美国和挪威虹鳟群体设计,但对中国群体同样具有良好的适用性。各群体最小等位基因频率均值为0.240~0.267,与国外主流养殖群体相近,黑龙江虹鳟、四川虹鳟和北京虹鳟群体内遗传多样性丰富,多态位点比例为83.6%~84.9%,与国外主流养殖群体相近,而黑龙江金鳟、四川金鳟和北京金鳟,多态位点比例相对较低,在60.2%~76.9%范围内。应用6个中国虹鳟群体和2个美国虹鳟群体数据开展系统发育分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构STRUCTURE分析,结果显示8个群体可分为3个祖源类群,其中3个金鳟群体为遗传联系较紧密的一个类群,黑龙江虹鳟和北京虹鳟为一个类群,而四川虹鳟与2个美国虹鳟群体为一个类群,部分中国养殖群体中有显著离群个体存在,表明群体遗传背景不均一。本研究表明,高密度SNP芯片在我国虹鳟养殖群体遗传分析中具有广泛的应用前景,能够为种质资源评估、本土化良种培育、制种和引种工作提供基因组水平的参考信息。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007

Ecological effects of predator chemical cues in aquatic ecosystem

捕食信息素是捕食者释放的,能够引发猎物反捕食反应的化学信号。在水生生态系统中,捕食信息素在捕食者和猎物之间信息传递及协同进化过程中发挥着重要的作用,其生态学效应在国际上受到广泛关注。捕食信息素的来源有多种形式,研究中常使用养殖过捕食者的水溶液作为捕食信息素的来源。捕食信息素的作用效果受到捕食者和猎物的种类、信息素的浓度、观察的指标等多方面因素的影响。捕食信息素可以对水生生物的行为、形态和生活史特征等方面造成影响。水生生物通过感知捕食信息素来提前预知潜在的被捕食风险,并作出适应性调整,以降低被捕食的风险。在某些情况下,捕食信息素可以与污染物产生交互作用,从而干扰污染物对水生生物的毒性。对水生环境中捕食信息素的研究现状做了综述,介绍了当前对捕食信息素来源和理化性质等本质问题的认识,总结捕食信息素对水生生物行为、形态和生活史特征的影响,以及捕食信息素对污染物毒性的干扰,并分析了这一研究领域尚存在的困难和今后的研究方向。加强对捕食信息素的研究,将为解析水生环境中捕食者和猎物的生态关系提供新依据。Predator chemical cues are chemical signals released by predators that inform potential prey of the presence of predators.Predator cues allow prey to detect and evade predators from a distance.In aquatic ecosystem,predator chemical cues have been shown to play an important role in information transmission and evolutionary race between prey and predator.The effect of predator cues on aquatic organisms has received increased attention recently.This paper summarized the current understanding on the nature of predator chemical cues and the ecological effects of predator chemical cues on the behavior,morphology,and life-history of aquatic organisms.Recent work on the effects of predator cues on disturbing the toxicity of contaminants was also reviewed.Predator chemical cues origin from the skin exudates,faeces,or injured tissue of predators.It was sometimes confused with conspecific cues since conspecific cues could induce similar responses.Studies examining the effects of predator cues often used predator conditioned water as the sources of predator chemical cues.Although knowledge about the chemical nature of predator chemical cues is still scarce,considerable advances have been made,especially for the identification of cues inducing anti-predator defenses in ciliates and cues originated from fishes.Itwas found that the effects of predator cues are associated with predator species,predator's diet,concentration of cues,and many other factors.The identification and isolation of predator cues is an important step towards understanding the nature and ecological effects of predator cues.Numerous studies have shown that predator-released chemical cues could induce behavioral,morphological and life-historical anti-predator responses in preys.Behavioral responses to predator cues include avoidance of the area where cues is detected,decreased activity levels or freezing,and increased use of shelter.Behavioral responses of prey to predator cues have been found in cladocerans,gastropods,fishes,and amphibians.Morphological defenses have been found in a wide range of aquatic taxa,including algae,protozoans,rotifers,cladocerans,gastropods,insects,fishes and amphibians.Among them Chaoborus-induced morphological defense in Daphnia have received the most attention.Life-history responses to predator cues were mainly studied in cladocerans and amphibians,and the responses include adaptive changes in life-history switch points( such as timing of hatching and metamorphosis),longevity and reproduction.The anti-predation responses make prey less vulnerable to predation,and is believed to cause costs that are saved in the absence of predators.Interestingly,it was found that predator cues may interact with contaminants and influence their toxicity to the survival,growth,and life-history of prey.The interaction may be influenced by the sources of predator cues,classes of contaminants and their concentrations,endpoints of prey,and so on.These findings indicate that predatory stress plays an important role in the process of how contaminants exert their effects within the aquatic environment.The mechanisms of interaction between predator cues and contaminants are still unclear.Although considerable progress has been made,several key questions in this area remain.Future studies are needed to explore the chemical nature of predator cues and to examine the signal transmission process in predator-prey interaction.Knowledge of the chemistry and signal transmission process of predator chemical cues may improve our ability to design meaningful experiments,so as to gain better understanding on predator-prey interaction in aquatic ecosystem.中国博士后科学基金(2012M521658); 国家自然科学基金(31000244); 广西自然科学基金(2013GXNSFCA019009); 广西卫生厅科研项目(Z2012218

圣·约翰草提取物片治疗抑郁障碍专家共识

结合循证医学证据,本文归纳圣·约翰草提取物片治疗抑郁障碍的专家共识