船舶压载水的交换可能致使海洋中不同海域生物的交互入侵,打破原有海域生态系统的平衡,为此,研究了一种基于强电离放电方法规模化制备羟基自由基技术的新型船舶压载水处理系统。该系统利用大气压下强电场电离放电,将氧气和气态水充分电离,离解产生大量氧活性粒子,并通过高速射流,在管路中完成空化效应,制备高浓度羟基溶液,实现在船舶压载水装载过程中快速、高效的杀灭有害微生物和病原体。实验结果显示,压载水经过质量流量为10 T/H的压载水处理系统处理后,藻和细菌被全部杀灭,致死率达100%。在48 H和120 H两个时间点对处理舱进行检测,未发现有再生现象发生。除此之外,比较处理前后水质参数及生物学指标变化情况,经羟基处理后丙二醛(MdA)浓度有明显升高,而水中bOd、COd质量浓度明显降低。通过对MdA检测,羟基杀灭机制很可能是通过影响细胞脂质过氧化进程来完成。处理后压载水的水质得到了明显改善,减轻了压载水排放过程中对排放水域的环境压力。Exchanging ballast water from ships might cause the interactive bio-invasion of different seawater, and break ecological balance.Therefore, we described a ship ballast water system which generates hydroxyl radical from strong electric field ionization discharge.The discharge at atmospheric pressure could ionize O2 in air and gaseous H2O to form a large amount of oxygen active particles, which were injected into a tube of the ballast water treatment system to generate a high concentration of ?OH solution through the cavitation effect.The ?OH solution could kill harmful micro-organisms in ballast water quickly and efficiently.Test results showed that, after being treated by the system at a flow speed of 10 t/h, the single-cell algae and bacteria in ballast water were almost completely eliminated, and the micro-organisms did not reactivate at 48 h and 120 h.In the treated ballast water, the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) obviously increased while BOD and COD decreased significantly.According to the MDA test, ?OH probably kills algae and bacteria though preoxidating their cytolipin.The treatment can effectively lower the pollution from the ballast water.The results indicate that solution of high ?OH concentration significantly improves the quality of ballast water, hence it relieves the environmental threats of the ballast water discharge on local marine system.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA062609); 国际科技合作项目(2010DFA61470); 国家杰出青年科学基金(61025001)~
