Immunogenicity and safety of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in children : a systematic review

Context：Children have very high morbidity and hospitalization rates from seasonal and pandemic influenza. They also play a major role in the spread of influenza disease. It has been reported conventional (non-adjuvanted) inactivated influenza vaccines have low efficacy, while MF59-adjuvanted vaccines could be more efficient than conventional vaccines. But the immunogenicity and safety of MF59-adjuvanted vaccines in children have not been well established. So the objectives of this study are to examine immunogenicity and safety of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccines in children and assess whether MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine is better than non-adjuvanted vaccine. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was performed without time and language restrictions. Randomized clinical trials, which assess immunogenicity and/or safety of MF59 adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in children, were identified. The quality of these selected studies was evaluated using Jadad Score and Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The criteria of seroprotection rate (SPR), seroconversion rate (SCR) and Geometric mean titer ratio (GMTR) implemented by the European Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) was used as the standard criteria to evaluate immunogenicity of vaccines. Results: 12 studies were identified in total, 5 on MF59-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines, 1 on MF59-adjuvanted monovalent H3N2 influenza vaccines and 6 on MF59-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines. Immunogenicity: For MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines, immunogenecity of homologous strains in terms of influenza H1N1, H3N2 can meet all three criteria of CHMP after the first dose in all age cohorts (SPR [77, 100], SCR [43, 100] and GMTR [7, 41]), whereas a second dose was needed for B antigen. For non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines, a second dose was needed for all three strains to meet all the criteria (GMTR [3.95, 97], SPR [70, 100] and SCR [42, 99]), with the exceptions of three trials related to B strain. When it comes to heterologous strains, a second dose was needed for both MF59-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza and non-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal vaccines. However, MF59-adjuvanted vaccine can induce greater immune responses especially for B strain after the second dose (SPR [71, 100], GMTR [3.35, 16] and SCR [55, 96]), while the immunogenicity for non-adjuvanted vaccine was still poor with 7 out of 11 trials cannot meet all three criteria of CHMP. Safety: MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines often induced mild and transient reactions. Conclusions: MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine have good immunogenicity and safety profile, and MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine is better than non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in terms of immunogenicity, whether it is trivalent vaccine or monovalent vaccine.published_or_final_versionPublic HealthMasterMaster of Public Healt

“Who Am I”：A Study of the Identity of Chinese Elders in the U.S.：An Anthropological Study of Chinese Elders in Michigan

田烨，兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心/历史文化学院教授、博士生导师；马文，兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心/历史文化学院博士研究生，日本首都大学东京人文社会学部客座研究员。【中文摘要】身份认同是个难以界定的复杂问题,基于前人的相关研究经验,可以通过居住区域、社会交往、生活方式以及国家认同、文化认同、族群归属等外在行为和心理认同两方面对美国老年华人群体身份认同进行界定。实地调研发现,与中青年华人群体不同，美国老年华人的居住区域、社会交往以及生活方式等方面有着自身的特点,这些显现于外的特征体现了老年华人群体的身份认同，之所以更喜欢居住于华人社区、更倾向于与华人交往、更多地保留了国内生活习惯,这与老年华人群体隐藏于内的国家认同、文化认同和归属意识的有着直接的关系。老年华人群体对中华民族和中华文化的高度认同，有利于传承和发扬中华传统文化，加强海外华人群体的中华民族身份认同 。 【Abstract】Identity is a complex issue which is difficult to define. Based on previous research experience，this study attempts to analyze the identity of Chinese elders in the United States in terms of behavioral and psychological identity. Based on existing studies and field research，we specifically look at their place of residence，social interaction，lifestyle，national identity，cultural identity and ethnic group identity. Evidence captured from field work shows that Chinese elders have their own characteristics in terms of living area，social interaction and lifestyle，which are different from those of young and middle - aged Chinese in the U. S. These external characteristics reveal the identity of Chinese elders in field work. We have also found that Chinese elders prefer to live in Chinese communities，are inclined to communicate with fellow Chinese ，and retain their original living habits，driven by their national identity，cultural identity and ethnic group identity. Chinese elders ’ high recognition of the Chinese nation and Chinese culture is conducive to inheriting and carrying forward traditional Chinese culture and strengthening the identity of the Chinese nation among overseas Chinese groups.国家社会科学基金重点项目“欧盟少数民族事务治理研究”(19AMZ014

快速膜乳化法制备粒径均一的PLGA微球和微囊

以聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)(PLGA)为膜材,采用快速膜乳化结合溶剂萃取法制备了胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)微囊,研究了PLGA分子量对药物装载率、药物活性和体外释放行为的影响.制备均一微球的优化条件为过膜压力1000kPa,过膜次数3次,外水相稳定剂聚乙烯醇浓度19g/L,油水体积比1:5.在此条件下,制备了粒径350nm左右、多分散系数小于0.050的载GLP-1的PLGA微囊,GLP-1包埋率达65%以上,活性保留达85%以上,药物体外释药可达20d

基于COI条码探讨天鹅的系统进化关系

COI基因具有突变速度快、容易被扩增、进化速率适中等特点,已被广泛应用于动物分类、鉴别及进化关系研究中。该研究以线粒体DNA的COI基因作为分子标记,对鸭科雁亚科天鹅属中大天鹅、小天鹅、疣鼻天鹅和黑天鹅4种天鹅的COI基因的部分序列进行了测序,得到38条COI基因序列。结合从NCBI和BLOD基因库中下载的天鹅的COI基因进行序列比对和分析,其中3个单倍型为该实验新获得。以栗树鸭为外群,使用ME法(minimum-evolution)和NJ法(neighbor-joining)构建天鹅COI基因的系统发育树,其拓扑结构基本一致:扁嘴天鹅最先分化出来,黑颈天鹅、疣鼻天鹅和黑天鹅聚为一支,大天鹅、小天鹅和黑颈天鹅为另一支,与传统分类观点一致

快速膜乳化法制备粒径均一的PLGA微球和微囊

以聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）（PLGA）为膜材,采用快速膜乳化结合溶剂萃取法制备了胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）微囊,研究了PLGA分子量对药物装载率、药物活性和体外释放行为的影响.制备均一微球的优化条件为过膜压力1000kPa,过膜次数3次,外水相稳定剂聚乙烯醇浓度19g/L,油水体积比1：5.在此条件下,制备了粒径350nm左右、多分散系数小于0.050的载GLP-1的PLGA微囊,GLP-1包埋率达65%以上,活性保留达85%以上,药物体外释药可达20d

快速膜乳化法制备粒径均一的PLGA微球和微囊

以聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）（PLGA）为膜材,采用快速膜乳化结合溶剂萃取法制备了胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）微囊,研究了PLGA分子量对药物装载率、药物活性和体外释放行为的影响.制备均一微球的优化条件为过膜压力1000kPa,过膜次数3次,外水相稳定剂聚乙烯醇浓度19g/L,油水体积比1：5.在此条件下,制备了粒径350nm左右、多分散系数小于0.050的载GLP-1的PLGA微囊,GLP-1包埋率达65%以上,活性保留达85%以上,药物体外释药可达20d

顶张力作用下东海高压立管稳定性分析

东海地质条件复杂，采用常规导管架模式进行油气资源开发经济风险较大。针对浅水区水下生产系统的部署，使用高压立管将会大大降低油气开发成本。本文采用有限元计算方法，对东海海域高压立管及水下井口系统的响应情况进行分析。研究主要关注系统在不同顶张力、高压立管壁厚、内压条件下的响应变化，判断结构能否满足安全要求。结果表明，增大顶张力有助于提高结构稳定性，但在生存工况下，提高顶张力的作用有限；顶张力增大后壁厚对响应的影响逐渐减弱，表明顶张力对高压立管整体刚度的贡献高于高压立管自身弯曲刚度的贡献；正常作业的内压工况下，能够通过提高顶张力的方式提供结构安全性，但在井喷的极高内压工况下，提高顶张力产生的作用有限，增大高压立管壁厚更为有效

光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术观察下的Vogt-小柳原田病的病理变化

目的观察静止期Vogt-小柳原田（VKH）患者与健康人之间的视网膜和脉络膜的微血管差异。方法回顾性研究静止期的Vogt-小柳原田患者12人，共20眼，正常对照13人，共21眼。所有患者与健康人均进行光学相干断层扫描血管成像（SS-OCTA）检查。对视网膜浅层毛细血管层的中心凹无血管区（FAZ）面积、非圆参数（AI）、视网膜浅层毛细血管层（SCP）的血管密度、视网膜深层毛细血管（DCP）的血管密度以及脉络膜毛细血管层（CC）的血管密度均使用ImageJ软件进行定量计算，同时用仪器内置软件测量中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）。统计学分析采用t检验与Mann-Whitney U检验。结果VKH静止期患者的FAZ面积明显低于健康人（P=0.004）。VKH组的SCP（6 mm）、SCP（3 mm）与DCP（6 mm）的血管密度（48.14±3.65）%、（47.73±3.23）%和（48.53±1.89）%也低于正常对照组（49.84±1.56）%、（48.23±2.41）%和（50.31±1.58）%，其中只有VKH组的DCP（6 mm）的血管密度与正常对照组的血管密度之间具有统计学差异（P=0.002）。然而，VKH组的SCP（1 mm）的血管密度（29.82±7.04）%明显高于正常对照组（25.59±5.44）%，并且具有统计学差异（P=0.037）。SFCT（408.70±66.97）μm也明显高于正常对照组（254.00±54.48）μm（P=0.000），另一方面，VKH组的脉络膜毛细血管的血管密度与正常对照组相比并无明显差异（P=0.095）。结论SS-OCTA检查可以发现静止期VKH患者的视网膜浅层毛细的血管层的FAZ面积由于黄斑中心凹周围1mm内的浅层视网膜毛细血管层的血管发生代偿性增加而出现减少的现象，而静止期VKH患者DCP的血管密度降低，说明静止期VKH患者的视网膜的深层毛细血管层的血供并未完全恢复