以课题式实验教学提高学生科研兴趣和科研能力的探索——以“遗传学实验”为例

传统的实验教学多为验证性实验,实验结果可预测且大同小异,缺乏新意和挑战,对于拔尖学生来说如同鸡肋,因此在经典传统的实验教学中进行内容改革,提高难度势在必行。本文以遗传学实验中的经典实验模式生物果蝇为例,开展了课题式实验教学改革,以果蝇诱变为命题,大大激发了学生的科研兴趣,同时拓展了科学思维,培养了科研能力,体现了研究性学习的创造性和挑战性,是生物学实验教学改革的有益探索。“基础学科拔尖学生培养计划”研究课题(20180214,20170606

Preparation and Properties of MnO_2 /polyaniline Composite

以δ-MnO2为前驱体,通过酸处理后引入苯胺并聚合,得到了MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料。经XRD分析表明,在本研究条件下,经酸处理后的δ-MnO2晶型由δ型转变为α型,而在随后的苯胺引入及其聚合步骤中MnO2晶型均不再改变。以200mA·g-1的电流进行恒电流充放电性能测试,结果显示,MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料的充放电容量达到160.2mA·g-1,与酸处理后得到的α-MnO2接近(160.9mA·g-1),但比前驱体δ-MnO2高(125.8mA·g-1);更为重要的是,MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料与前驱体及酸处理得到的样品相比,其循环性能得到了较大的提高。MnO2 /polyaniline composite was prepared by polymerization of aniline in α-MnO2 from the acid-treating precursor of δ-MnO2. XRD results showed that during acid treatment the precursor of δ-MnO2 was transformed into α-MnO2, and this in α-MnO2 polymorph kept unchanged in the subsequent processes, as intercalation and polymerization of aniline. Comparison of charge-discharge performances among the precursor, its acid-treated form and the final composite, showed that at current density of 200 mA·g-1 the discharge capacity of the composite was 160.2 mA·g-1, which is close to that of the acid-treated material (160.9 mA·g-1) but higher than that of the precursor (125.8 mA·g-1). More important, the MnO2 /polyaniline composite showed a much better cyclic performance than the precursor and its acid-treated form.福建省高新技术重点项目(No2005H071);; 三明市重点科技项目(No2005-G-9

粗糙铂电极上甲酸吸附氧化的电化学原位表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用循环伏安法和电化学原位表面增强拉曼光谱 (SERS)技术研究甲酸的解离吸附与氧化行为 .首次报道了甲酸吸附、解离和氧化的电化学原位SERS谱 ,发现甲酸在粗糙铂电极上能自发解离吸附 ;首次成功地获得了粗糙铂电极上甲酸吸附解离的强吸附中间体CO和活性中间体COOH的表面增强拉曼光谱 ,同时首次检测到甲酸氧化最终产物CO2 的拉曼光谱信号 ,从分子水平证实甲酸解离吸附反应的双途径机理

In-situ SERS study on the electro-oxidation with HCOOH on a roughened platinum electrode

The dissociative adsorption and oxidation behavior of HCOOH on Pt was investigated by cyclic voltammogram (CV) and in-situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques. The in-stiu SERS of HCOOH adsorption, dissociation and oxidation on rough Pt is reported. It is found that HCOOH can spontaneously dissociate. The surface Raman spectra of CO, the strongly adsorbed intermediate and COOH, the weakly adsorbed intermediate of the dissociative adsorption of HCOOH were successfully obtained for the first time. At the same time, the Raman spectra of the finally oxidized product CO2 of HCOOH was also firstly detected. The dual path reaction mechanism for the oxidation of HCOOH was confirmed at molecular level

Preparation and properties of MnO2/polyaniline composite

MnO2/polyaniline composite was prepared by polymerization of aniline in alpha-MnO2 from the acid-treating precursor of delta-MnO2. XRD results showed that during acid treatment the precursor of delta-MnO2 was transformed into alpha-MnO2, and this in alpha-MnO2 polymorph kept unchanged in the subsequent processes, as intercalation and polymerization of aniline. Comparison of charge-discharge performances among the precursor, its acid-treated form and the final composite, showed that at current density of 200 mA . g(-1) the discharge capacity of the composite was 160.2 mA.g(-1), which is close to that of the acid-treated material (160.9 mA . g(-1)) but higher than that of the precursor (125.8 mA . g(-1)). More important, the MnO2/polyaniline composite showed a much better cyclic performance than the precursor and its acid-treated form

规模化纤维素乙醇的困境与出路

现阶段国外的纤维素乙醇示范工程"纷纷下马",规模化工业生产过程面临诸多难题。主要原因是在纤维素生物炼制乙醇过程中,对木质纤维素发酵原料的固体基质特性认知不足,且现有的纤维素乙醇生产线盲目套用粮食乙醇生产技术,造成一系列纤维素乙醇发酵过程中的技术难题

生物能源固态发酵应用的研究进展

生物能源是改善我国能源结构、实现经济可持续发展的重要途径,其产业化技术的突破将加快以生物质能源替代化石能源的步伐。高能耗、水耗以及大量有机废水等问题严重限制了传统液体发酵的发展前景。近年来对固态发酵原理和应用的研究使得清洁、节能的固态发酵已然成为发酵工业的关注热点。从固态发酵的原理和应用现状方面着重介绍其在生物能源领域中应用的研究进展

混菌同步糖化固态发酵丁醇的研究

生物丁醇是一种极具发展潜力的清洁可再生能源燃料。目前工业丁醇生产仍存在能耗高、产量低以及污染严重等问题。固态发酵体系中由于固体物含量较高容易造成传质传热困难、酶解效率低等难题,难以实现丁醇混菌固态发酵。针对以上问题,从混合培养的优势以及固态发酵过程强化角度思考,以期为高效利用木质纤维素原料制备燃料丁醇提供新思路

运用CVM评估濒危物种保护的经济价值及其可靠性分析——以哈尔滨市区居民对东北虎保护的支付意愿为例

利用当前国际上流行的评估资源经济价值的重要方法——条件价值评估法(CVM),支付卡式、二分式问卷各设计了340份,调查了哈尔滨市区居民对东北虎保护的支付意愿。结果表明,支付卡式问卷调查分析得到居民的平均支付意愿为7.38元/(户.月),二分式问卷调查结果为9.27元/(户.月),由支付卡式问卷调查分析得到哈尔滨市区居民20年内的总支愿意为是10.76×108元,二分式问卷调查结果为23.03×108元。支付卡式问卷的支付意愿与参与调查者的相关社会经济因素的相关性分析显示,文化程度、户月均收入、对东北虎的了解程度与居民的支付意愿呈正相关关系,年龄与居民的支付意愿呈负相关关系。二分式问卷支付意愿的主导因子是月收入。与3个月前的调查结果比较显示,前后两次调查结果无显著差异,支付卡式问卷前后两次调查支付意愿差值为1.61元/(户.月),二分式问卷前后两次调查支付意愿值的差异为0.56元/(户.月）