Analysis of partial sequences of Hepatitis E virus isolated from human and swine in a certain area of Jiangsu province

目的:调查了解江苏省某农村地区人源与猪源戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的相关性。方法:应用逆转录-巢式聚合酶链法(rT-PCr)对同一地区内一般人群中HEV IgM阳性者、急性戊型肝炎患者血标本和生猪胆囊标本进行HEV rnA检测,并对HEV rnA阳性标本进行克隆测序和序列分析。结果:一般人群中检出的HEV基因1、4型比例相近,临床散发性戊肝病例绝大部分为HEV-4型病毒感染所致(95.24%);生猪胆汁标本PCr阳性率为12.11%,猪源HEV基因分型均为HEV-4型;分离于人和生猪的HEV-4型病毒高度同源,同源性81%~97%。结论:该地区人群HEV基因分型以HEV-4型为优势毒株;猪源HEV均为基因4型;人源和猪源的HEV-4型病毒高度同源,猪是当地HEV主要宿主动物之一。Objective:To explore the correlation between swine and human hepatitis E virus(HEV) in Jiangsu province.Methods:Specimens collected from HEV-IgM positive people of the general population,patients with acute hepatitis E and cholecyst from swine in the same area,were detected for HEV RNA by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).HEV-positive samples were further analyzed by direct nucleotide sequencing.Results:Among the HEV IgM carriers,8 positive cases were identified,and the subtype of HEV were type 1 and type 4.The majority cases of clinical sporadic HEV were type 4(95.24%).The HEV-positive rate of swine bile samples was 12.11%,and the virus genotype was type 4.The type 4 HEV of human and swine showed a high degree of homology(81%～97%).Conclusion:Both HEV-1 and HEV-4 were found in human in this area with the dominant type of HEV-4.All the swine HEV-positive samples showed HEV-4 genotype.The HEV-4 of human and swine in the Dongtai area showed a high degree of homology.These findings suggest that swine may be one of the main hosts of HEV in this region

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of the sporadic cases with hepatitis E infection in the rural area in Jiangsu province

目的了解江苏省农村散发性戊型肝炎的流行病学特征。方法通过建立覆盖市、镇、村三级医疗卫生服务机构的疑似肝炎主动监测网络,系统全面地监测戊型肝炎病例的发病情况。结果主动监测网络的敏感性明显高于网络报告系统,能更加准确、全面地掌握戊肝的发病规律。结果显示戊型肝炎病例占疑似急性肝炎病例的26.7%,男性戊肝发病率高于女性(P<0.01);发病随着年龄增长而上升,多见35岁以上人群;全年均有发病,冬春季节较高;戊型肝炎病毒株HEV1、4型并存,但以HEV4型为主(92.5%)。结论疑似肝炎主动监测系统数据显示目前戊肝发病率有被低估的风险。To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the sporadic cases with hepatitis E infection in the rural area of Jiangsu province,the prevalence of hepatitis E infection was surveyed systemically and completely through the initiatively monitoring system for the suspected cases of hepatitis E covering the city,town and village levels of medical and health service organizations.It was found that the initiatively monitoring system for suspected hepatitis E cases reflected the incidence of hepatitis E more accurately and comprehensively and was proved to be more sensitive than the network reporting system.The cases with hepatitis E accounted to 26.7% of the suspected cases with acute hepatitis and they were more frequent in male than in female.The incidence of hepatitis E increased with advance of age and most of cases occurred with age over 35.Estimated incidence was stable on the whole year,but rose up in winter and spring.The HEV type 1 and type 4 co-existed,but the HEV type 4 was proved to be the main type(92.5%).From the above observations,it seems that the initiatively monitoring system for the suspected cases of hepatitis E may be under-estimated for the risk of the hepatitis E infection in rural area of Jiangsu province.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA02A209)资

散发型戊型肝炎与急性乙肝临床特征比较

目的比较散发型急性戊型肝炎与乙肝临床特征。方法分析戊肝和急性乙肝间年龄、性别、肝脏损伤、症状体征以及病程的差异。结果急性肝炎病例中,戊型肝炎最常见(28.0%),急性乙肝次之(9.2%);戊肝平均发病年龄为56.3±13.1岁,急性乙肝为43.0±12.5岁,平均发病年龄戊肝较急性乙肝大(t=4.4723,P<0.0001),均为男性多发;两者常见的临床症状和体征基本相当,但戊肝患者黄疸症状更多见(P<0.05);戊肝病程较急性乙肝长(t=3.7249,P=0.0003);通过年龄性别进行1:1匹配分析,戊肝比急性乙肝对肝脏的损伤程度严重(t=3.5978,P=0.0019)。结论戊肝多见于中老年,急性乙肝多见于中青年,均为男性多于女性。临床特征比较戊肝较急性乙肝更为严重

KH型喷嘴的研制及技术发展

应用国外液滴雾化研究成果,结合流体力学基本原理,分析了KH喷嘴的雾化机理,给出了KH喷嘴的物理模型、理论计算和实验结果,确定了喷嘴结构型式和尺寸。证实了喷嘴的压力降是控制雾化粒度的关键。分析了油品、蒸汽量、喷嘴结构、操作参数等对雾化粒度的影响。提出喷嘴质量的评定标准。总结了使用KH喷嘴厂家的蒸汽量、干气、液体收率以及能耗情况

Analysis of Agaricus bisporus Themotolerance Related Gene with RT-RAPD

应用RT RAPD技术 ,以 6bp随机引物反转录双孢蘑菇 (Agaricusbisporus) 0 2菌株常温培养和高温诱导菌丝体的总RNA ,10bp随机引物PCR扩增 ,得到几个高温诱导差异片段 ,对OPU13引物的差异片段 0 2U13克隆并测序 ,发现该片段可能编码tRNAVal(密码子GUC)基因 .推测GUC可能是稀有密码子 ,在某些耐温基因中出现频率较高 .识别该稀有密码子的tRNAVal在常温条件下不表达或表达量很少 ,而在高温诱导下引发一定的调控机制促使它们大量的合成 ,进一步引发相关的耐温基因表达Using the RT-RAPD method, total RNA was reverse-transcripted with 6 bp random primer, then cDNA was amplified by PCR with 10 bp random primer. Several related thermotolerance DNA fragments of strain 02 were obtained. The fragment 02U13 with OPU13 random primer was cloned and sequenced . It is found that 02U13 is probable a gene fragment of tRNA Val. GUC may be a rare codon, and it is abundant in some related themotolerance genes. The gene of tRNA Val for GUC is silence or low activity at normal temperature. But it express actively when the organism was induced at high temperature, and result of the high expression of the themotolerance related genes.福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (C982 0 0 0 5

Disease burden of hepatitis E in rural areas in east China

目的分析戊型肝炎的疾病负担,为卫生决策提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查方式,对江苏省东台市农村人群戊型肝炎主动监测网络收集的病例进行调查,获得戊型肝炎的疾病负担情况。结果戊型肝炎的总经济负担为2 910 362.60元,人均经济负担为11 641.45元,是东台市农村居民人均纯收入的1.26倍;失能调整生命年为28.94人年,患者的负担强度为115.78人年/千人。结论戊型肝炎的疾病负担较重,应加大防制力度。In order to analyze the disease burden of hepatitis E and provide a scientific basis for health decision-making,the cases collected by the active hepatitis E monitoring network on rural population in Dongtai of Jiangsu Province were investigated by questionnaires to access the disease burden of hepatitis E cases.It was found that the total economic burden of hepatitis E was 2 910 362.60 yuan and per capita was 11 641.45 yuan,which was 1.26 times the per capita net income of rural residents in Dongtai;the burden of hepatitis E was 28.94 disability adjusted life years(DALYs) and the cases burden of strength was 115.78 DALYs/ thousand.From the above observations,it seems that the burden of hepatitis E was heavy,thus the prevention efforts should be increased.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA02A209)资

Epidemiological characteristics of sporadic hepatitis E in the rural area of Dongtai,Jiangsu Province,China

目的分析2008-2011年江苏省某农村地区戊型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征。方法利用已建立的疑似肝炎症状监测系统主动发现戊型病毒性肝炎患者,并对其流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2008-2011年戊型肝炎所占急性病毒性肝炎比例为27.29%,成为第2个主要病毒性肝炎。戊型肝炎年平均发病率2.2/万,戊肝发病全年散发,冬春季节高发;男性发病率高于女性,发病率随年龄增长逐渐升高,发病平均年龄(55.48±14.32)岁。戊型肝炎病毒株HEV1、4型并存,以HEV4型为主(95.6%)。结论本地戊肝呈散发,中老年高发,男性多于女性,以HEV4型为主。In order to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis E in the rural area of Jiangsu Province during the period of2008-2011,an established monitoring system of suspected hepatitis was used to detect patients of hepatitis E.The study showed that hepatitis E cases accounted for 27.29% of the total acute hepatitis cases during this period,which indicated hepatitis E had become the second major hepatitis in the rural area of Jiangsu Province.The average annual incidence rate of hepatitis E was around 0.22‰.Hepatitis E was sporadic throughout the whole year,with a higher incidence in spring and winter.The morbidity of hepatitis E was higher in men than that in women and was rising with age.The average age of all cases is 55.48±14.32 years.The research also revealed that HEV of genotype 4was the major genotype in the rural area of Jiangsu Province which accounted for 95.6%,while the proportion of genotype 1was 4.4%.In conclusion,hepatitis E in the rural area of Jiangsu Province is sporadic throughout the whole year,and HEV of genotype 4is the major genotype.The incidence of hepatitis E is higher in the middle-aged and old people and it is higher in men than that in women.国家自然科学基金项目(81373061);; 江苏省科技支撑计划(社会发展)项目(BE2013723)资助~

东北亚区域可持续发展的主要科学问题探讨(英文)

东北亚各国自然地域相连,社会经济联系密切,形成了东北亚独特的经济地域系统。在全球变化背景下,深入探讨东北亚区域可持续发展面临的主要科学问题具有重要的理论与实践意义。东北亚区域生态经济巨系统的结构、功能和地域分异规律及其动态演变格局是该区域可持续发展的基本科学问题;驱动力因子是该区域可持续发展研究的重要问题;跨境区域社会经济可持续发展模式是该区域可持续发展的核心问题和归宿,而东北亚区域可持续发展支撑平台建设是重要的技术支撑和保障。东北亚、中亚地区作为一个资源、环境、经济和社会复杂巨系统,其可持续发展还有许多重要科学问题,需要该区域科学家联合攻关,共同探索

基于DRS4测试板的数字波形分析方法

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">使用不同的方法来确定LaBr_3晶体信号的到达时间。在文中信号经过光电倍增管的放大之后由DSR4测试板进行数字采集,其中DRS4是由瑞士PSI研究所生产的高带宽、低功耗以及快读出时间的开关电容阵列。这些优势使得DRS4很具有吸引力,很多实验将传统的ADC与TDC替换为DRS4。采集的波形可以通过不同的方法进行后续处理。其中包括:(1)恒分甄别、(2)波形拟合、(3)PMT脉冲模型法以及(4)均值过滤法。文中实现的恒分甄别的时间分辨与使用模拟电路获取的平均时间分辨相比没有提高。高斯波形拟合法虽然与数字CFD的结果相当,但是却更加耗时。均值滤波法虽然容易实现,但是通过这个方法得到的时间分辨与采样时间在一个量级。而PMT脉冲模型法得到的平均时间分辨为195.4 ps,优于模拟信号的恒分甄别的时间分辨254.7 ps.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">Various digital methods were examined for determining the relative arrival times of pulses from Ф20 mm* 5 mm LaBr_3 scintillators. In this study, pulses from the photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) were digitized by DRS4 evaluation board, a switched capacitor array(SCA) produced by the Paul Scherrer Institute(PSI). The high bandwidth, low power consumption and short readout time make DRS4 attractive for many experiments, replacing traditional ADCs and TDCs. The sampling signals were post processed with multiple techniques. These techniques include:(1) constant-fraction discrimination(CFD),(2) pulse-shape fitting,(3) mean PMT pulse model and(4) median filtered zero crossing method. The implemented CFD in the digital regimes did not improve the resolution of using analog equipment with average time resolution. The pulse-shape fitting yielded as good resolution as digital CFD, however, is much more time consuming. The median filtered method were easy to implement, and had a resolution on the order of sampling time. Average timing resolutions of 195.4 ps were obtained with mean PMT pulse model, which is better than the analog constant-fraction-zero-crossing with average resolution of 254.7 ps.</span