Thirty Years of Regulatory Detailed Planning: Gains and Losses, and Prospects

吕传廷(中国城市规划学会理事,中国城市规划学会控规学术委员会主任委员,广州市城市规划编制研究中心主任,教授级高级工程师,本论坛主持人):非常高兴诸位嘉宾、代表参加由广州城市规划编制研究中心、深圳规划国土发展研究中心、重庆规划研究中心三家单位联合举办的"控制

不同温度下氦离子辐照316L不锈钢氦泡形成的研究

本工作用2.5MeV的~4He~+分别在室温、500 ℃和600 ℃对经过固溶和冷扎处理的316L不锈钢进行了辐照，辐照剂量为2.7 × 10~(17)ions／cm~2，剂量率在3.6 × 10~(11) - 2.6 × 10~(12)ions／cm~2·s之间。用扫描电镜（SEM）观察样品表面形貌的变化，发现600 ℃时，辐照样品的表面出现许多形状不规则的小坑和类似颗粒的东西。用透射电镜（TEM）结合横截面制样技术观察样品内部氦泡的特征，发现室温和500 ℃下氦泡呈圆形，在600 ℃下氦泡呈多面体形状。温度由室温上升到500 ℃，氦泡的大小、数密度的变化比较小，当温度上升到600 ℃，氦泡直径迅速增大、数密度减小，估计在500 ℃和600 ℃之间存在一个氦泡演变转折点。对室温和600 ℃辐照样品中氦泡大小、数密度随深度的变化做定量测量，发现室温下氦泡的形核、长大主要依赖于氦原子的沉积浓度，而600 ℃下氦泡的形核、长大主要依赖于氦引进过程中产生的离位损伤（dpa）。另外，不同晶界处氦泡的特征也不同，大角晶界处氦泡优先生长；小角晶界处不存在氦泡的优先生长。在同一温度下，CW样品中氦泡的数密度比SA样品中氦泡的数密度大、直径小，对应氦泡产生的肿胀比SA样品的

[[alternative]]The Oral Hygiene Care Related Practices in Institutional Caregivers for Elderly Residents

[[abstract]]口腔健康照護行為屬長期照護施行之一環，其應有必然之定位與重要性。本研究旨在瞭解長期照護機構照服員對住民口腔健康照護行為及相關因素，並探討其周邊之事項、因素或條件之關聯性。研究採橫斷性設計，方便取樣方式，透過參採國內外之經驗再經專家效度檢證之結構式問卷，針對照護滿三個月以上之照服員進行觀測。研究共收到110份問卷，並同時回顧檢視機構住民共380份照護病歷，擇取住民當下疾病罹患(CCI-Q)及活動功能(ADL /IADL) 屬性，予以描述及分析統計。 研究結果發現長期照護機構照服員口腔衛生保健知識(K)、態度(A)、(執行)行為(P)三者互相正面扣聯。口腔衛生保健知識得分愈高者，態度愈積極正向，在行為的執行上也較良好。本研究發現照服員普遍年齡偏高、女性、高中程度、以二度就業居多。其在「工作特質」中工作時數以12小時居多、照顧人數以5~10人為為主，口腔照護執行時間以3~5分鐘、次數1~2次，故口腔照護時間與頻率並不長；知識方面之答對率為66％，顯示照服員於口腔衛生保健知識不若預期，而照服員教育程度、是否為正編人員，與其口腔照護知識呈正相關；但在照服員自覺性照護困擾中，住民退化程度與口腔衛生知識呈負相關。態度方面總得分平均值為52.7，顯示態度或有強化之空間，研究發現照服員人研習次數(頻度)、自覺住民退化程度、合併罹病指數、知識分數等，均與態度呈顯著正相關；但在照服員人口特性中性別、本身罹患慢性病與態度呈負相關，分析發現男性比女性照服員在口腔態度上較為遜色。在口腔照護行為上與照服員使用慢性病藥物與口腔態度呈正相關，其餘人口特性、工作特質與住民功能屬性，在口腔照護行為上不具顯著預測力。 整體而言，國內長期照護機構中口腔衛生照護執行所佔長期照護比重仍偏低，已明顯邊緣化或甚至其可有可無，研究發現照服員對於口腔衛生保健知識、態度與(執行)行為或顯不足，除本然透過在職教育與實務訓練強化外，尚需重視照服員人力之工作保障，應強化照服員(半)專業定位與社會價值，並設計建立照服員照護(半)專業能力分級制度，以提高其薪資、工作地位與社會價值，並最好能將照服員之培訓養成納入正規技職體系教育再以補強式之啟蒙、通識、大眾化及(半)專業延續再教育之設計，以因應未來長期照護政策之推動與高齡化社會所需之大量合宜之照顧人力，如此才能期待其永續發展與確保照護之品質。[[abstract]]Oral healthcare is just one part of long-term care with importance and its specific status. The study was aimed to explore, on oral healthcare, the performance and the related factors among the 1st line careworkers(main caregivers) in long-term care facilities. The study had been organized a cross-sectional design, observing and interviewing the oral healthcare on arbitrarily sample subjects with working experience more than 3 months through a professional／specialist-validified structured questionnaire, adapted from those of foreign advanced counterparts for reference. Totally 110 subjects responded and concurrently reviewing 380 related care records of the facility residents to document CCI-Q (Charlson co-morbidity index by Quan) and ADL/IADL (activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living) into data file for description and analysis. The study results show that the oral healthcare knowledge (K), attitude (A), and performance (P) of caregivers were positively linked together, i.e. those with a higher score in oral healthcare knowledge have a more positive attitude and better performance. The study found that most care-givers were female, not young, with senior high-school education background; and be re-employed or second career in their life. And, each had taken care of 5-10 residents, daily work hours 12 mostly, only offering 3-5 minutes of oral healthcare 1-2 times daily. The length and frequency of oral healthcare be short and low. In term of knowledge, the correct response rate was 66%, just lower than expected; their education background and employment status (official employee) were positively correlated with oral healthcare knowledge. In their self-perceived difficulty, the degeneration status, CCI-Q and oral healthcare were negatively correlated. The mean score in attitude was 52.7, just implying its empowering potential. The results also showed that the training frequency, self-perceived degeneration, CCI-Q, and knowledge score of care-givers were all positively correlated with attitude. Rather, gender and chronic condition status were negatively correlated with attitude, i.e. with poorer attitude in male than in female. Oral healthcare performance is positively correlated with the medication on their chronic conditions and attitude. As for other demographics, care-works, health function of residents seemed without any predictivity for the study. Eventually, oral healthcare comprised a relatively lower proportion of ordinary care supply in long-term care facility in Taiwan, even marginalized or not indispensable whatever. The study showed that the oral healthcare knowledge, attitude, and performance for care-givers were somewhat inadequate. In order to upgrade their income, the working and social status, apart from on-job education and practical training, the nurturing of care workers should be launched under the formal vocational education system, and empowering in the course of elementary, generalized, public education, and (quasi-) professional on-job or re-education design, to cope with the progression of long-term care policy and the mandatory lots of human resources of care-works required in an ageing／aged society. it would be essential to reinforce the job ensuring for care-givers, its social value, (quasi-)professional status of care-works, and the designing of competence leveling of care-works. Hence, we could refer to the sustainable development and quality of long-term care

环糊精在阻燃塑料中的研究进展

环糊精(CD)是一种用途广泛的天然材料,具有环状的结构,因而可以与客体分子形成包合物,在很多领域显示出独特的性能。另外,由于CD具有多羟基结构,也是一种优良的成炭剂。主要综述了国内外对于CD在阻燃材料中应用的研究进展,对其在阻燃性能中的贡献进行了分析,最后展望了其在阻燃材料中的发展方向

SiC单晶的生长及其器件研制进展

SiC具有禁带宽度大、热导率高、电子的饱和漂移速度大、临界击穿电场高和介电常数低等物点。在高频、大功率、耐高温、抗辐照的半导体器件及紫外探测器和短波发光二极管等方面具有广泛的应用前景。该文综述了半导体SiC单晶和薄膜的生长及其器件研制的概况

光网络地理分布的安全风险评估研究

从光网络地理分布模型出发,采用通用模型下的最坏线形切割算法,对网络拓扑结构进行了建模和仿真,计算出了网络的最坏线形切割集,进而算出了网络的链路风险概率,并根据链路风险概率对网络的安全性做出了评估。这些工作对提高光网络的抗毁能力具有一定的参考意义

C离子注入Si中Si-C合金的形成及其特征

利用离子注入和高温退火的方法在Si中生长了C含量为0.6%-1.0%的Si_(1-x)C_x合金，研究了注入过程中产生的损伤缺陷，注入C离子的剂量及退火工艺对合金形成的影响，探讨了合金的形成机理及合金产生的应变分布的起因，如果注入的C离子剂量小于引起Si非晶化的剂量，退火过程中注入产生的损伤缺陷容易与C原子结合形成缺陷团簇，难于形成Si_(1-x)C_x合金，而预先利用Si离子注入引进损伤有利于Si_(1-x)C_x合金的形成；但如果注入的C离子可以引起Si的非晶化，预先注入产生的损伤缺陷不利于Si_(1-x)C_x合金的形成。与慢速退火工艺相比，快速热退火工艺有利于Si_(1-x)C_x合金的形成。离子注入的C原子在空间分布不均匀，退火过程中将形成应变不同的Si_(1-x)C_x合金区域