学术型文科硕士生招生考试改革探析

认为公平与效率是影响硕士生招生考试改革的两大因素。在录取率相对较低时,应优先考虑公平性,继续采用现行的"统考+复试"的招考模式,完善复试与调剂流程;随着研究生教育规模扩大,录取率增加到一定程度时,应优先考虑招考效率(专业区分度),由培养单位自主选拔

我国高校硕士生教育的生师比问题探讨——一所大学的调查分析

通过调查,刻画了部分学科专业硕士研究生教育的实际生师比,反映了研究生和导师对偏高的生师比的意见,并根据有关规定和调查数据测算了研究生教育的合理生师比

Comparison of the determination of TP and TN using national seawater method and surface water method

应用国家的海水分析方法(流动注射分析法)和地表水分析方法测定珠江口不同盐度的海水样品中的总磷和总氮,分别进行精密度试验和准确度试验,并对两种国标方法进行比较。实验结果表明,两种方法无显著性差异。流动注射法适用于任何盐度海水中总磷和总氮的测定,且方法具有检出限低、环保、高效等优点。The concentrations of total phosphorus( TP) and nitrogen( TN) in different salinity samples in Pearl River estuary were determined by using national seawater analytical method and surface water analytical method,respectively. The accuracy and precision of the two methods were investigated,and the concentrations of TN and TP in different salinity were compared by using the two methods. The experimental results indicated that the two methods showed no significant difference. But the seawater analytical method by using flow injection( FI) showed lower detection limit,more environment friendly and higher efficiency than that of the surface water analytical method.国家海洋局环保司2011年度《珠江口海洋环境质量综合评价方法》(DOMEP(MEA)-03-01);; 国家自然科学基金青年基金(41406093);; 广东省教育厅科技创新项目(2013KJCX0103);; 广东省科技计划项目(2013B090600033

Optimization of Hydrometallurgical Purification for SiO_2 in the Process of Preparing Solar-grade Silicon

考察了Hf质量分数、H2C2O4质量分数、HnO3质量分数、酸浸时间、粒径、液体质量与固体质量的比值(简称液固比,下同)等因素对混酸法提纯SIO2工艺过程的影响,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:W(Hf)=2%、W(H2C2O4)=3%、W(HnO3)=30%、酸浸时间4 H、粒径100~120目、液固比4∶1、酸浸温度30℃。fE、Al、CA、P杂质的去除率分别达到99.99%、14.02%、73.27%、60.00%,经混酸法处理后SIO2中杂质总量的质量分数降至1.465x10-4。As a pre-treatment unit for preparing solar-grade silicon,hydrometallurgical route could remove most metallic impurities in silicon dioxide(SiO2) and raise the yield of the final product.Acid leaching of SiO2 could reduce the cost and energy consumption of industrialized development.Combined with high purity of reducing agent,the successor process of pyrometallurgy can also achieve "continuous casting".Factors such as the mass fraction of leaching agent,time,the particle size of SiO2,and the liquid-solid ratio were investigated,and the samples were characterized by means of ICP-OES,SEM,etc.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows:w(HF)=2%,w(H2C2O4)=3%,w(HNO3)=30%,reaction time 4 h,the average size of SiO2 powder particle 100～120 mesh,the liquid-solid ratio 4∶1,and room temperature 30 ℃.It was found that the final removal rates of impurities of Fe,Al,Ca,P could reach 99.99%,14.02%,73.27%,and 60.00% respectively and the mass fraction of total amount of impurities could be reduced to 1.465×10-4

Analysis of genetic effects for grain quality characters in late indica hybrid rice

以6个籼型野败三系不育系为母本,5个晚籼恢复系为父本,进行不完全双列杂交设计,对籼型杂交晚稻稻米品质性状的遗传效应进行分析.结果表明:糙米率、精米率、垩白粒率、碱消值和胶稠度等5个性状同时受到种子遗传效应和细胞质遗传效应的控制,但细胞质遗传效应都大于种子遗传效应.整精米率、垩白度和透明度等3个性状只受到种子遗传效应的控制,并且都以种子显性遗传效应为主.直链淀粉含量同时受到种子遗传效应和母体植株遗传效应的控制,但以种子显性遗传效应为主.粒长和长宽比同时受到母体植株加性遗传效应和母体植株显性遗传效应的控制.不育系451A、全丰A、长丰A及恢复系蜀恢527、科恢752、岳恢94是配制优质杂交晚稻组合的优异亲本.Six CMS(Fuyi A etc.) and 5 late-restorers(Minghui 63 etc.) were used in partial diallel crosses to analyse the genetic effects of grain quality characters in late indica hybrid rice,using seed quantitative traits genetic models and analysis methods developed by Zhu Jun in cereal crops.The results showed that the 5 characters were simultaneously controlled by seed genetic effects and cytoplasmic genetic effects in percentage of brown rice,percentage of milled rice,percentage of chalky grain,gelatinization temperature and gel consistency,but the cytoplasmic genetic effects were all higher than the seed genetic effects.The 3 traits were only controlled by seed genetic effects in percentage of head rice,chalkiness and translucency,and the effects were all mainly come from seed dominance genetic effects.Amylose content was controlled by seed genetic effects and maternal genetic effects,but was mainly controlled by seed dominance genetic effects.The 2 traits were simultaneously controlled by maternal additive genetic effects and maternal dominance genetic effects in kernel length and length/breadth ratio.The 6 materials were available parents for breeding late indica hybrid rice combinations with good quality,which included the CMS of 451 A,Quanfeng A and Changfeng A,the restorers of Shuhui 527,Kehui 752 and Yuehui 94.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0310020

Effect of freezing and thawing on the flesh quality of cultured carp（Cyprinus carpio）during storage in ice

To elucidate the effect of freezing and thawing on the flesh quality of the cultured carp (Cyprinus carpio) during storage in ice, we examined the changes in ATP related compounds (K values %), expressible water (%), breaking strength (N/cm2) and histological observation. During storage in ice, the increasing speed of K value in the freeze-thawing group was 1.6-fold higher than the unfrozen group. In addition, the rate of expressible water in the freeze-thawing group was higher than the unfrozen group through the storage period, implying that the ice crystals produced by frozen were melted and effluxed to extracellular space. The breaking strength after freezing and thawing was lower than that of the unfrozen. Although the breaking strength of the unfrozen group was decreased with storage in ice, the breaking strength of the freeze-thawing group remained at low level until the end of storage period. These results suggest that the freezing and thawing processes deteriorate the flesh quality through the increase in the incresing ratio of K value and expressible water, and a decrease in breaking strength.本研究では，養殖コイを用いて未凍結群と凍結融解群を作製し，K値，圧出水分，破断強度，氷結晶の形成からみた凍結融解による魚筋肉の品質に及ぼす影響を検討した。未凍結群と凍結融解群のK値40％レベルまでのK値上昇率を求めたところ，凍結融解群は未凍結群よりも平均値レベルで1.6倍高かった。また圧出水分量は，凍結融解群では平均値レベルで常に未凍結群より高値を示し，特に保存初期（氷蔵０日目）では約２倍高かった。これは凍結により生じた氷結晶が融解し，細胞外に流出したためと考えられた。一方で破断強度は，凍結融解群では，保存初期（氷蔵０日目）から平均値レベルで未凍結群の６割程度の低値しか示さず，その後も同程度の低値であった。これは凍結で生じた氷結晶により細胞が破壊された影響によるものと考えられた。以上，本研究から，魚筋肉では凍結融解すると未凍結よりもK値上昇が速くなり，圧出水分が増え，破断強度が低下することが明らかとなった。すなわち，凍結融解した魚筋肉は鮮度低下が速くなるうえ，肉質が軟らかくなるという肉質劣化が起こると考察された

ダイガク キョウイン ノ ケンキュウ イヨク ニ エイキョウ オ アタエル ヨウイン ニ ツイテ : ニホン ノ シリツ ダイガク ノ データ カラ

今日、一部を除いて、多くの大学に勤務する教員は、研究活動と教育やその他の学務との両立の面で、大きな困難に直面している。本研究は、大学教員の研究意欲に影響を与える要因を明らかにするため、大学の組織における研究促進のための方策や資源（物理的・制度的な支援、組織構成の柔軟性）、教育活動と研究活動とのニーズの一致、研究時間の不足といった要因が、教員の研究意欲にどのような影響を及ぼしているかを、質問紙調査により検討した。大学教員1250名に回答を依頼し、314名から有効回答を得た。その結果、先行研究と同様、大学からの物理的・制度的な支援が研究意欲を促進するとともに、大学組織構成の柔軟性が研究意欲を向上させる面と低下させる面の両方を持つこと、教育活動と研究活動とのニーズの一致が研究意欲を促進することなどが明らかとなった。また、研究時間が不足すると教員は教育が研究に結びつくような工夫をする傾向があることが示された

沿海产盐区与非产盐区18～45岁人群碘营养状况及甲状腺功能水平研究

目的掌握厦门市沿海产盐区与非产盐区居民盐碘、18～45岁人群碘营养和甲状腺功能水平状况,为采取针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法选择沿海产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,调查居民合格碘盐食用率、18～45岁育龄期妇女和男性尿碘水平、甲状腺激素水平和海带、紫菜的摄入习惯。结果产盐区和非产盐区盐碘中位数均为27.21 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率分别为95.33%和96.33%;18～45岁男性尿碘中位数分别为206.55μg/L和232.95μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为20.97%和10%;18～45岁育龄期妇女尿碘中位数分别为176.95μg/L和227.70μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为21.67%和25%;产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女的甲状腺激素TSH、Tg、FT3、FT4、TPOAb、TT3、TT4中位数均在正常值范围内;产盐区18～45岁男性的甲状腺功能亢进阳性率为3.4%、育龄期妇女的甲状腺功能减退和亚临床甲状腺减退症的阳性率均为1.67%,而非产盐区均为0。产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女中均有一定比例易患甲状腺免疫性疾病的人群。每月食用海带、紫菜的次数≥4次、1～3次和<1次的人尿碘组间比较无统计学差异。结论产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女碘营养总体处于适宜状态,应坚持食盐加碘措施,对育龄期妇女在婚前体检时开展常规碘营养水平和甲状腺功能检测