德国非政府组织语言教育政策研究——以罗伯特·博世基金会“高校德语教师项目”为例

德国民间科学基金会是语言教育政策的重要践行者,在国家对外文化政策中占据十分重要的先行者地位。文章主要论述德国著名企业型民间基金会-罗伯特·博世基金会及其重点语言教育实践\"高校德语语言教师与协作德语语言教师项目\"的历史演变、组织形式和内容架构,通过特点和成因梳理,分析德国非政府组织语言教育的先进性政策理念、战略性历史发展、多元化内容结构、多维度实施空间等语言教育特点。中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“文化翻译视阈下的德国移民文学研究”(编号:ZK1035)资

鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的成分分析及对血管紧张素转化酶活力的影响

以鲨鱼皮为原料,采用现代生物化学技术制备胶原蛋白肽水解液,经过喷雾干燥,获得鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白肽干粉.对获得的胶原蛋白肽样品进行成分分析,测定了粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、灰分以及K、Na、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb等金属元素的含量,应用氨基酸自动分析仪测定样品的氨基酸组成,并用化学分析法测定羟脯氨酸含量为7.08%,应用MALDI-TOF分析胶原蛋白肽分子量的分布,表明我们得到的鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白的水解产物——胶原蛋白肽的分子量主要分布在2～3ku,为水溶性多肽混合物.研究鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白肽对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制效应,表明该样品对ACE有较强的抑制作用,其IC50为4.8 mg/mL.本文还探讨了鲨鱼皮胶原蛋白的吸湿性和保湿性

牙齿的非各向同性、梯度分布和类金属性力学行为

为了研究牙齿力学性能对其持久咀嚼功能的影响，借助仪器化纳米压入技术测定了牙齿力学性能的空间分布．结果发现，牙釉质的弹性模量和硬度，不仅表现为非各向同性，而且呈梯度分布．与扫描电子显微镜的观察相对比，这些性能与牙齿的微观结构及其分布特征相关．尤其是从硬度和折合模量之比与压入弹性功与总功之比两方面来看，牙釉质和牙本质都表现出类似金属的行为，而不是传统上认为的类似陶瓷．牙齿的这些力学性能对其持久咀嚼功能起着关键性的作用

牙齿的非各向同性、梯度分布和类金属性力学行为

为了研究牙齿力学性能对其持久咀嚼功能的影响，借助仪器化纳米压入技术测定了牙齿力学性能的空间分布．结果发现，牙釉质的弹性模量和硬度，不仅表现为非各向同性，而且呈梯度分布．与扫描电子显微镜的观察相对比，这些性能与牙齿的微观结构及其分布特征相关．尤其是从硬度和折合模量之比与压入弹性功与总功之比两方面来看，牙釉质和牙本质都表现出类似金属的行为，而不是传统上认为的类似陶瓷．牙齿的这些力学性能对其持久咀嚼功能起着关键性的作用

Size-dependent brittle-to-ductile transition in GaAs nano-rods

GaAs is brittle at room temperature at the macro-scale; however, ductility emerges when its characteristic dimension reduces to the nano-scale. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that there is a brittle-to-ductile transition in GaAs nano-rods due to the competition between generation of cracks and initiation of dislocations. Such a competition is sensitive to aspect ratios of nano-rods. These results well explain experimentally observed ductility of GaAs nano-rods and have important implications for the design of semiconductor materials with tailored mechanical properties

Assemblies and Properties of Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on WO3/Carbon Cloth

以超级电容器的电极材料制备、性质研究及对组装的非对称超级电容器的性能研究为核心内容，提高超级电容器电化学性能为主要目的，采用水热合成法在碳布基底上合成三氧化钨/碳布和活化后的碳布为超级电容器的电极材料。采用SEM、XRD表征方法对制备的材料进行了形貌表征及物相分析；使用上海辰华电化学工作站对电极材料进行了循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等电化学性能测试. 最终得到以三氧化钨/碳布为正极材料、活化后的碳布为负极材料组装成不对称柔性电容器，进行电化学测试，其电位窗口提高到0~1.6 V，电流密度61.9 mA·cm-2时，电容达到58.96 F·cm-2，功率密度0.48 W·cm-2时，能量密度为20.36 mWh·cm-2，同时在电流密度8 mA·cm-2时，循环3000次时表现出良好的循环性能，相较于对称型超级电容器，倍率性能更加优异.The demand for a new generation of flexible, portable, and high-capacity power sources increases rapidly with the development of advanced wearable electronic devices. One dimensional (1D) nanowires structures have been demonstrated as one of the most ideal electrode materials in energy storage systems due to their advantages in both micorstructures and their high surface areas. Here we report a simple process for large-scale fabrication of self-standing composite film electrodes composed of WO3 nanorods on carbon cloth. In order to improve the energy density of supercapacitor, we assembled an asymmetric supercapacitor using WO3 nanorods and activated carbon cloth as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the electrode materials, respectively. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-diacharge (GCD) test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to study the electrode materials in a three-electrode system. It was found that the WO3 nanorods exhibited attractive electrochemical performance as well as remarkable flexibility with the high areal capacitance of 3347 mF·cm-2 at 5 mA·cm-2. In addition, to improve the electrochemical performance of activated carbon cloth by introducing function groups onto its surface for producing pseudocapacitance and increasing surface area by electrochemically oxidizing CC in the mixed acid solution, it was also shown the high areal capacitance of 1160 mF·cm-2 at 7 mA·cm-2. This method was simpler and more effective compared with the previous strategies for activating carbon materials. The as-fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor based on WO3/carbon cloth exhibited high areal capacitance of 58.96 F·cm-2 at 61.9 mA·cm-2, high energy density of 20.36 mWh·cm-2 at 0.48 W·cm-2 with the operation voltage window expanding to 0 ~ 1.6 V, and excellent lifespan after 3000 cycles. This work opens up a novel, low-cost route to design advanced integrated-array and high performance electrode materials for portable supercapacitor application on a large scale.大学生创新创业基金项目（No. XCX17025）资助作者联系地址：中南民族大学，催化材料科学国家民委-教育部重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074Author's Address: Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei,China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Materials can be strengthened by nanoscale stacking faults

In contrast to the strength of single crystals, stacking faults (SFs) are usually an unfavorable factor that weakens materials. Using molecular-dynamics simulations, we find that parallel-spaced SFs can dramatically enhance the strength of zinc-blende SiC nanorods, which is even beyond that of their single-crystal counterparts. Strengthening is achieved by restricting dislocation activities between nanoscale neighboring SFs and its overall upward trend is dominated by the volume fraction of SFs. The similar strengthening mechanism is also found in face-centered-cubic metals and their alloys. It is more promising than the traditional methods of decreasing nanoscale grains or twins due to the inverse Hall-Petch effect. This study sheds light on the structural design of nanomaterials with high strength. Copyright (C) EPLA, 201

縮短心導管檢查前準備時間之改善專案

&lt;p&gt;背景： 心導管檢查是診斷心血管疾病及治療最常見的方法，若心導管檢查前的準備時間延長，相對影響急性冠心症（ACS）病人行經皮冠狀動脈（PCI）治療的時效。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;目的： 專案實施後，透過跨團隊的方式縮短心導管檢查前準備時間。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;解決方案： 藉由調整照胸部X光檢查時機、錄製心導管檢查之衛教影片、調整填寫心導管檢查同意書時機、制定心導管檢查前準備事項查檢表等措施，進而縮短心導管檢查前準備之時間。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;結果評值： 經方案改善後，心導管檢查前準備時間由84分49秒縮短為34分24秒。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;結論： 統整住院病人檢查流程，不僅可有效縮短護理人員的準備時間，亦可提升專業的醫療品質，本專案透過醫護之間的合作，不但能有效的改善工作效率，更能獲得病人家屬對於醫護的讚許。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background: Cardiac catheterization is the most common method to diagnose and to treat cardiovascular diseases. The preparation time for cardiac catheterization is crucial especially in performing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Purposes: This project attempts to find the factors that affecting the preparation time before cardiac catheterization through interprofessional collaborative.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Methods: By adjusting the time of CXR examination, time for consent signed and video of health case education, the preparation time before cardiac catheterization can be reduced to improve the care quality.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results: After the designed procedure was properly performed, the preparation time before cardiac catheterization was reduced from 84 minutes and 49 seconds down to 34 minutes and 24 seconds by average.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusions: By integrating the examination process of the inpatients, this defined procedure in this study significantly reduced the preparation time and effectively improved the care quality of cardiac catheterization. Trough the cooperation between medical and nursing staff, this project not only improve the quality of care but also received appreciations from patients and their families.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; </jats:p