風水圈及變形蟲理論:詴論環境規劃及管理的空間極相

[[abstract]]人為的行政疆界分割了空間，在過份強調疆界的政治力（staticpolitico-power）而忽略其動態的生態力（dynamic eco-power）之下已造成「理性的非理性」，而使行政疆界變成「行政僵界」無法進行環境管理及規劃的功能，再加上被行政疆界所圍繞的空間常常大得無法解決小問題，小的無法解決大問題，更使空間的環境容量不能有效發揮。理論上，巨觀的空間極相（Macro SpatialClimax; MSC）就如同「孙宙船地球號」或「我們只有一個地球」般的觀念，中度的空間極相（Meso SC）即「孙宙船地球號臺灣小舟」或「我們只有一個亞 洲或臺灣」，而微觀的空間極相（Micro SC）在此 3M 系統中，乃銜接大 M 及中 M，而以實際功能為導向。因此本章旨在探討生態性的動態功能疆界以創造最適空間極相（Optimum SC），來解決日趨嚴重的環境問題。本文主要分成下列五個部份：(1)對於「真實空間」或「無疆界空間」的文獻探討；(2)探討行政疆界如何成為環保的限制因數；(3)中國生態哲學──風水及空間環境容量的關係；(4)變形蟲理論的發展；(5)以變形蟲理論來界定風水圈。[[fileno]]208010106000

Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex Produce the Novelty-Seeking Behavior Deficits in Rats

利用旷场测试和y-迷宫测试两种行为模型检测了双侧眶额叶(OrbITOfrOnTAl COrTEX,OfC)电损伤或假损伤雄性Sd大鼠的新异性探索行为,探讨了OfC在大鼠探索新异环境中的作用。旷场测试的结果发现,OfC损伤大鼠的行走距离和直立次数较假损组有明显降低;同时,在y-迷宫测试中与假损伤组大鼠相比,OfC损伤大鼠在新异臂的访问时间和穿梭次数明显降低。提示眶额叶皮质在大鼠新异性探索行为中起着重要作用。We examined the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (ofC) on exploration of the novel environment using theopen-field and Y-maze behavioral paradigms to assess the novelty-seeking behavior of the male Sprague-Dawley ratsafter receiving bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ofC or sham lesions .In the open-field task, the rats with ofC lesionsexhibited reduced average ambulation distance and average rearing number when compared with the animals with shamlesions.Moreover, rats with ofC lesions showed less duration of visits and number of entries in the novel arm in theY-maze task than the control animals.The current findings suggest that the ofC plays an important role on thenovelty-seeking behavior in rats.国家自然科学基金项目(30470553和30770700);CASC项目(KSCX1-YW-R-33;YZ200737

50味中药及其复方与抗生素对河流弧菌的体外抑菌作用

用牛津杯法选择大黄、黄柏、黄连等50种单味中药进行河流弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌试验,并以抗菌活性较好的药物组成二联、三联复方,药物质量浓度分别为60和240 mg·mL-1,进行中药复方抗菌活性研究,同时用抗生素进行河流弧菌药敏试验。目的是筛选出对河流弧菌敏感的中草药、抗生素及其复方。结果表明,黄连、诃子等单方对河流弧菌抑菌作用明显,为极敏感;在60 mg·mL-1低药物浓度时,黄柏、黄连组成的复方对河流弧菌抑菌作用为极敏感;在240 mg·mL-1药物浓度时,黄柏、黄连等组成的9个复方中药对河流弧菌抑菌作用属极敏感,黄连、板蓝根、黄柏等4个复方中药对河流弧菌的抑菌作用明显,为极敏感。河流弧菌对恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素、氟苯尼考、土霉素及甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑5种药物高度敏感。部分中药对河流弧菌抑制作用不明显,黄连、板蓝根、黄柏等4个三联复方中药药效最强。可组成多种三联复方中药或中西药联用复方,均有良好的抑制作用。2018年开放课题基金项目(LYC2018RS04,闽海鸥[2018]31号)福建省自然基金项目(2016J01167,2018J01455)国家自然科学基金(31702384,31502194)福建省科技重大专项(2016NZ0001-3)2017年集美大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目(集大研No.[2017]18号)教育部鳗鱼工程研究中心开放基金项目(RE201704

The Effects of Pulsed Streamerlike Discharge on Cyanobacteria Cells

Recently, cyanobacteria blooms (or water blooms) occurred on the surface of water bodies frequently and extensively due to eutrophia of the water. That has posed more and more serious environmental problems worldwide. In this paper, the effects of pulsed streamerlike discharge on M. aeruginosa cells are reported, which are one genus of cyanobacteria and ease to form water blooms. A stainless needle with a diameter of 30 mum was employed as a point discharge electrode, which is 15-cm apart from the cylinder cathode, and a 2-mus 160-kV pulse was applied. A pulsed streamerlike discharge was obtained in the water filled with cyanobacteria cells (named as sample water in this paper). From the experimental result, it can be found that the discharge collapsed the intracellular-structure gas vesicles in the M. aeruginosa cells, and the colonies of the cells sank to the bottom of the discharge chamber and rotten gradually

グラスルーツグローバリゼーション －草の根・地域からの人類一体化の推進－

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Development of Avian Coccidiosis Multivalent Vaccine in Taiwan (II)

球蟲症對家禽產業造成之損失甚大, 雞球蟲輕度感染時通常不發病, 只有在混和感染或嚴重感染時才發病.到目前為止, 球蟲主要的控制方法一直為化學療法.球蟲卵囊對一般之消毒劑及外界環境之變化具有極強的抵抗力, 因此很容易造成再感染.目前預防雞球蟲病之唯一方法是在飼料中添加抗球蟲藥, 以抑制雞腸道黏膜上皮細胞內球蟲之發育.但是藥物的長期使用容易造成藥物殘留及產生抗藥性, 因此許多學者進行球蟲免疫之研究, 希望以免疫方法來控制本病以防止球蟲嚴重感染所造成之損失, 並減少藥物使用所發生之殘留問題及對環境之污染.目前國內尚無有關球蟲疫苗之實際應用, 惟國外已有多種混和株種之疫苗可添加於飲水或飼料中, 然而仍有諸多問題如: 活蟲免疫有爆發全面感染之危險、免疫接種時會影響增重、免疫力無法持久等.臭氧( Ozone, O？ )是氧分子的同素異形體, 為極強的氧化劑.臭氧具有非常強的生物致死性, 可殺滅水中的細菌和使病毒去活化, 目前已廣泛應用於水質處理.本研究曾嘗試利用臭氧將球蟲卵囊加以處理, 觀察其對球蟲之抑制狀況.結果顯示臭氧確實具有明顯程度的抑殺球蟲作用, 使其芽胞化比率明顯降低, 此外實驗感染時雞之死亡率及糞便中所排出之卵囊數亦較少.然而單純使用臭氧作為球蟲卵囊殺滅法, 尚無法完全抑殺球蟲卵囊之芽胞化作用使其不具感染性及病害性.因此若配合其他理學或化學因子( 如X-Ray、UV light或其他消毒藥劑 )合併使用時, 或許可獲得更有效的相加或相乘效果.本研究將嘗試利用臭氧併用常用之消毒劑來處理球蟲卵囊, 以探討其對球蟲卵囊之殺滅效果及應用於預防球蟲感染之可行性.Avian coccidiosis are known to have acute and/or chronic manifestations.Acute form of the disease is generally caused by heavy infection of Eimeria tenella or E.necatrix.Oocysts of avian coccidian are very resistant to disinfectant as well as to the elements of the natural environment.At present, coccidiosis in the field is being controlled by the addition of coccidiostat in the feed, but excessive use of such drug has led to the development of drug resistance and drug residue.Therefore, development of a vaccine could be an option.Ozone is a very strong oxidant and has been used under aqueous condition to kill bacteria and inactivate virus.In our study, fresh oocysts were treated with ozone and then incubated under fix condition, the sporulation of oocysts was found to be inhibited significantly.On the other hands, sporulated oocysts were infected chickens after treating with ozone, and the mortality of chicken and the numbers of oocysts excreted from feces were decreased obviously.The objectives of this project includes the isolation and maintenance of avian coccidian, observing the effect of ozone and disinfectants treatment on their oocysts by evaluating their viability in vivo and in vitro.Ozone and disinfectants-attenuated oocysts will be evaluated for their ability to confer protection on treated chickens by challenging with fresh untreated oocysts.The ultimate aim of this study is to develop a avian coccidial vaccine to reduce the excessive use of drug additives